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Topic: Christianity in Japan

	Christianity in Japan
		Most of them live in Western Japan where the missionaries' activities were greatest during the 16th century.
		Tokugawa Ieyasu and his successors continued the persecution of Christianity in several further edicts.
		The main reason which led to the complete extinction of Christianity in Japan by 1638 were the government's intentions to excert absolute control over its people.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2298.html (297 words)

	Christianity - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Christian ethics derive to a large extent from the Jewish tradition as presented in the Old Testament, particularly the Ten Commandments, but with some difference of interpretation based on the practice and teachings of Jesus.
		Christianity may be further generally defined in terms of its practice of corporate worship and rites that usually include the use of sacraments and that are usually conducted by trained clergy within organized churches.
		Christianity is in a direct sense an offshoot of Judaism, because Jesus and his immediate followers were Jews living in Palestine and Jesus was believed by his followers to have fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies of the Messiah.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-christia.html (1253 words)

	Catholic-Pages.com \| Discussion Forum - "HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Christianity was introduced into Japan in the middle of the 16th century.
		Finally, Christian insistence on the primacy of the individual's conscience was regard as subversive in a society that attached overwhelmingly importance to unconditional obedience to superiors.
		At present Christianity in Japan is characterized by unobtrusive activity, with emphasis still placed on education as a means of spreading the gospel message.
	www.catholic-pages.com /forum/topic.asp?topic_id=8787 (1600 words)

	Christianity in Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Northern Japan "Visas" were required by the government for a foreigner to leave the main port areas.
		However, neither the church in Japan nor the church in America was ready for the Spirit’s moving.
		Japan Baptist Union In the late ‘30s the Japanese government required all churches to join together into the United Church of Christ in Japan.
	www.robertastephens.com /cij.htm (788 words)

	Christianity - Religion in Japan
		Christianity was introduced to Japan in the sixteenth century by Portuguese and Spanish Roman Catholic missionaries, but, because it was associated with Western imperialism and considered a threat to Japanese political control, it was banned from the mid-seventeenth century to the mid-nineteenth century.
		Christianity is usually linked with Shinto and Buddhism as one of the three traditional religions of Japan, though it is considered a foreign religion in a way Buddhism is not.
		Christians came to number close to half a million, a much larger percentage of the population of that time than there are today.
	www.japan-101.com /culture/culture_religion_christianity.htm (586 words)

	New Religious Movements Page: Christianity in Japan
		Christianity flowed into Japan in three different waves: sixteenth century with Spanish missionaries, in the nineteenth century with the Meiji Restoration, and again in the twentieth century after World War II (Lande: 156).
		The second wave of Chrstianity in Japan was during the Meiji Restoration that began in 1868 and ended with the Meiji Era and World War II in 1945.
		The foundation of the Christian definitions of right and wrong rests on the Ten Commandments, which are said to have been delivered to Moses from God in the book of Exodus.
	religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu /nrms/christian_japan.html (3607 words)

	Japan, 1300 to 1700
		He was annoyed by Christian aggressiveness and saw the Spanish and Portuguese administration of Christianity in Japan as a dangerous political machine.
		Christian churches were ordered destroyed, and Japanese converts were ordered to renounce their Christianity.
		It was made a capital offense for a Japanese to be a Christian, and daimyos were forbidden to have Christians in their employ.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h24jpn.html (1391 words)

	Christianity arrived in Japan centuries before Saint Xavier
		Researcher M.L. Young says that one of the most sacred objects of the Nishi Honganji Buddhist Temple, founded by Kobo Daishi in 806 after his contact with a Nestorian Christian monastery in Beijing, is "the Lord of the Universe's Discourse on Almsgiving," a commentary on the Sermon on the Mount and other Matthean passages.
		Christianity was referred to as the "luminous religion" in Chinese records referring to Nestorian missioners.
		Japanese researchers say that the first bearers of Christianity to Japan were the people from the (Nestorian) Assyrian Church of the East who came to Japan from the Silk Road cities of Mesopotamia, and Persia starting around the fifth century onwards.
	www.nestorian.org /christianity_arrived_in_japan_.html (349 words)

	Japan and Christianity - Page 4 - Outpost Nine Forums
		Japan is a country of the Gods, and for the padres to come hither and preach a devilish law, is a reprehensible and devilish thing...
		Twenty-six Christians (6 Franciscans, 17 of their Japanese neophytes, and 3 Japanese Jesuit lay brothers - included by mistake-) were crucified in Nagasaki on February 5, 1597.
		The final blow came with Tokugawa Ieyasu's firm interdiction of Christianity in 1614, which led to underground activities by the Jesuits, and to their participation to Hideyori's revolt in the Siege of Osaka.
	www.outpostnine.com /forum/showthread.php?p=279759#post279759 (1918 words)

	Japan Digest \| Japanese Religions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		At the end of the eighth century, Japan’s capital was moved from Nara to Heian-kyo, the forerunner of present-day Kyoto.
		Japan’s samurai or warrior class rose to power in the late twelfth century to establish a feudal political system headed in theory by the emperor but in reality by the shogun or leading general of the country.
		Christian missionaries and teachers built schools and hospitals and were an important conduit for knowledge of the West.
	www.indiana.edu /~japan/Digests/religion.html (2397 words)

	Is it Christian?
		He only stayed in Japan for a couple of years but it seems one of his maxims was 'When in Rome, do as the Romans do', and the church took on quite a Japanese flavour by incorporating several Buddhist and Shinto elements into the Christian worship.
		The Christian teaching that an individual's conscience and ethic should dictate their belief was hard to swallow by the Shogunate who demanded unconditional obedience.
		Christians were seen as sympathetic to the Allies and therefore traitors, so persecution increased.
	www.seiyaku.com /seiyaku/en/discussion/is-it-christian.html (1197 words)

	Religion in Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Christianity, first introduced to Japan in 1549, was virtually stamped out a century later, surviving only in the secluded area around Nagasaki; it was reintroduced in the late 1800s and has spread slowly.
		Some Japanese confuse Judaism and Christianity, or consider Judaism to be part of Christianity, as the Christians were the first to arrive in Japan and were better known by the Japanese.
		Japan's first contacts with the West in the 16th and 17th centuries were with either traders or missionaries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Religion_in_Japan (4049 words)

	Operation Reveille, Okinawa & Japan Intel
		Francis Xavier brought Christianity to Japan in 1549.
		Nevertheless, many cities and villages in Japan still have no Christian witness, and growth of existing churches is painfully slow.
		Japan's national population approaching 122 million is one of the most homogenous in the world.
	www.oprev.org /JapanIntel.htm (300 words)

	Japan Vacations - Hotels Japan - Japan Hotels
		The Hyatt Regency Osaka, Japan, is located on Osaka Bay, adjacent to the Asia and Pacific Trade Centre and the World Trade..
		Located at the north end of downtown Osaka, Japan, the Toyo Hotel is a 16 story high rise situated one kilometer from Osaka Station.
		Yasukun jinja is the site of a large, torii gate that stands at the entrance to this shrine built in memory of those who lost their lives defending Japan.
	www.japanhotelfinder.com (568 words)

	Japan's Religion and Philosophy (Shinto, Buddhism, Christianity, Religion in Japan Today)
		It was introduced to Japan after the king of Paekche in Korea sent a Buddha statue and copies of sutras to the Japanese emperor during the 6th century.
		Christian wedding ceremonies are becoming more popular, and knowledge of and interest in Christianity has increased, but it is probably still felt to be a foreign religion by many Japanese.
		The increase in interest has not added greatly to the Christian base in Japan, probably due to the fact that the belief is in one God, thus eliminating the relaxed polytheism of Shinto and Japanese Buddhism.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/japan/religion.htm (1615 words)

	Christmas in Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Christianity is respected in Japan but hardly known at all, which is not too surprising with less than 1% being Christian.
		The Christian faith was first introduced into Japan in the sixteenth century by Jesuit and later by Franciscan missionaries.
		However, when Japan was re-opened to Western contacts 250 years later, it was found that a community of Japanese Christians had survived underground, without clergy, without Scriptures, with only very sketchy instructions in the doctrines of the faith, but with a firm commitment to Jesus as Lord.
	www.cvc.org /christmas/japan.htm (1534 words)

	Centennial Convention Report: The Condition of Christianity in Japan.
		In the first stage of the modernization of Japan, Christianity was also welcomed by the progressive and high-spirited young men and women, in spite of the desperate opposition of the older people supported by the priests and teachers of the old beliefs.
		The condition of Christianity until about 1887 was thus, to use the Japanese phrase, "Like hoisting sails in a favorable wind." Indeed, it was hoped that the whole nation would fairly be Christianized before 1890, and that a majority of the members of the House of Representatives in the first National Parliament would be Christians.
		Since Japan was recognized as a first-class power among the nations, she is trying to make herself worthy of the name, not only in military and naval forces, but also in commerce, industry, government, education, and every other respect in which the Powers in the Occident are great.
	www.mun.ca /rels/restmov/texts/wwarren/ccr/CCR07Q.HTM (1020 words)

	LC Home Pg
		Christianity came into Japan in the middle of the sixteenth century.
		Christians went into hiding and were known as Kakure Kirishitan (Hidden Christians) (Powell).
		In Japan freedom of religion is guaranteed to all under the Constitution.
	www.sesc.k12.in.us /Cass/JapanResearch/stewart-christianity.htm (787 words)

	Feudal Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Japan was effectively cut-off from the rest of the world, a conscious decision on their part.
		Prior to 1868, Japan was run by a system that loosely resembled the feudal systems of Europe in the middle ages.
		Under the Shogun system Japan situated themselves into a system of almost total isolation from the rest of the world, and because of this isolation Japan enjoyed several centuries of peace and prosperity.
	filebox.vt.edu /users/jearnol2/MeijiRestoration/feudal_japan.htm (377 words)

	Japan
		Yet after hundreds of years, Christianity continues to be seen as not only something foreign, but also as basically Western especially since many churches not only have Western architecture but also the style of worship and the hymns sung are predominantly Western.
		While the Christian doctrine cannot be adjusted to suit the Japanese temperament much more can be done to help Japanese own the Christian faith for themselves, incorporating more of their traditions and festivities into their faith and to worship God in their own distinctively Japanese ways.
		Christians are a tiny minority in a society where consensus is important and because few families come to faith, individuals feel exposed.
	www.japanhope.com /en/japan.htm (552 words)

	E-sangha, Buddhist Forum and Buddhism Forum -> Christianity In Japan
		Christianity came to Japan with St. Francis Xavier in 1549, during a time of weak central government.
		To root out Christians, officials administered an annual loyalty test in which peasants were required to trample a cross or an image of the Virgin Mary and the Baby Jesus.
		Because of this ceremony, hidden Christians placed a high value on the prayer of contrition and elevated the veneration of a compassionate Mary.
	www.lioncity.net /buddhism/index.php?showtopic=1780 (1295 words)

	Wilson's Blogmanac: Christianity in ancient Japan
		The introduction of Christianity to Japan is frequently, one might say usually, credited to St Francis Xavier, a disciple of St Ignatius of Loyola, and the date given is 1549.
		However, modern research indicates that the Christian gospel was already ancient in Japan when Xavier first set foot there.
		Christianity first arrived in Far Eastern Asia about 1,800 years ago along the 'Silk Road,' passing through China to Nara, central Japan.
	wilsonsalmanac.blogspot.com /2006/11/christianity-in-ancient-japan.html (221 words)

	Shintoism, Bhudism, Zen And Christianity
		The religious organizations in Japan are by and large rich, visit Kyoto, see the Buddhist monks driving around in BMW's, maybe with a pretty girl at his side.
		Although there are few true Christians in Japan, Christianity has made some impact on the culture, especially during Japan's modernization at the end of the 19th century.
		Christian style weddings are all the rage with young people, even though the couple may have no knowledge of Christianity, or care in the slightest about the religious aspects of the service.
	members.tripod.com /~bbls/religion.html (1027 words)

	Christianity in Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Missionary teacher in the Meiji period(1868-1912) were often regarded as representatives of a superior civilization, and Christianity was popularly identified with the West.
		This tendency was opposed by Uchimura Kanzo the founder of Mukyokai or Nonchurch Christianity.
		The growing spirit of nationalism in the 1930's raised problems of conscience for Christians especially when the authorities urged attendance at Shinto Shrines as a "civil manifestation of Loyalty" Foreign missionaries of all churches were interned or repatriated at the Outbreak of World war II or at best allowed limited freedom.
	www.baobab.or.jp /~stranger/mypage/chrinjap.htm (3117 words)

	Science and Christianity in Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		When Japan was forcibly opened to the rest of the world by Commodore Perry's fleet in 1853 (after some 250 years of self-imposed isolation following a brief exposure to Christianity and European values during the sixteenth century), Japan found itself overwhelmed by the technological superiority of the West.
		For the Christian, this means that the fundamental premises of one's scientific paradigm should not conflict with one's understanding of the Christian faith.
		In Japan scientists and academics are very well respected, while religious groups do not command as high a level of respect, and are perhaps viewed as more corrupt than in the West.
	www.asa3.org /ASA/PSCF/1995/PSCF12-95Macer.html (3392 words)

	Dean and Sue Zemke - Asahikawa, Hokkaido JAPAN
		Because of its "foreign" nature, the religion has been persecuted when demands for national unity were strong; it has been widely accepted during period of social instability (the 16th century, Meiji era, Post World war II) but once the social equilibrium was restored interest rapidly waned.
		Various aspects of Christian teaching differ fundamentally from the more traditional pattern of Japanese thought and outlook--for example, monotheism vs. traditional polytheism; the concept of a transcendent God versus the immanent Japanese deities; an individual ethic versus a group-orientated ethic.
		It is doubtful whether organized Christianity can accommodate itself to the traditional thought in Japan as much as Buddhism (also an "imported" religion) has done but there still remains much scope for expressing Christian thought in a more Japanese form.
	www.freewebs.com /dszemke/christianityinjapan.htm (499 words)

	Pray For Japan
		Although Christianity is technically illegal in China, thousands of Chinese risk their lives to proclaim Christ to their neighbors.
		Japan is the most literate country in the world.
		If you are a Christian and a college student, take advantage of your situation to befriend a Japanese student and demonstrate the love of Christ.
	www.fongnet.net /pfj.htm (472 words)

	Marimari.com : Japan - Christianity
		Due to this main reason, Christianity managed to enjoy an initial success of converting quite a large number of people in western Japan, which included members of the ruling class.
		The religion flourished and was accepted as a religion throughout Japan, especially during the reign of Oda Nobunaga, who had succeeded in unifying Japan in 1569.
		Most of them live in western Japan, where the missionaries' activities were at their greatest.
	www.marimari.com /content/japan/best_of/religion/christianity (372 words)

	Japan - Christianity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Christianity was introduced in the sixteenth century by Portuguese and Spanish Roman Catholic missionaries, but, because it was associated with Western imperialism and considered a threat to Japanese political control, it was banned from the mid-seventeenth century to the mid-nineteenth century.
		With the reopening of Japan in the mid-1850s, missionaries again arrived.
		While fewer than 1 million people (less than 1 percent of the population) consider themselves Christian in the early 1990s, Christianity is respected for its contributions to society, particularly in education and social action.
	countrystudies.us /japan/64.htm (127 words)

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