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	A History of Christianity in Korea: From Its Troubled Beginning to
		Departing from the internal, political motives of previous persecutions--i.e., Christianity's threat, real or imagined, to the Confucian-based society, and the prominence of Christianity among the politically ousted faction--what marked the latest persecution was that the problems which prompted it were due to external pressures on Korea at the time.
		The salience of Christians in the movement was further noted in the figure of those imprisoned for participating in the demonstration: over 22 per cent of the total or 2,087 out of 9,458 were Christians (Yi, 1991: 349).
		First of all, the rise of Christianity in South Korea is intimately related to the profound discontent and despair felt by the masses, prompted by centuries of dire poverty, social marginalization and oppression.
	www.tparents.org /Library/Religion/Cta/Korean-Christianity.htm (7985 words)

	Christianity in Korea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The impact of Christianity on the Korean culture has been considerable, and is partly responsible for a steady decline in the membership and influence of Buddhism, Shamanism and Confucianism, which have traditionally had deep roots in Korean culture.
		Christianity was finally established on Korean soil (in 1784) only after nearly two centuries of frustrated efforts, and it was not until the Twentieth Century that the Christian presence became numerically significant.
		Fourthly, Christian use of the Korean language and the easily-learned hangul (한글) script enabled the faith to spread outside the elite (among whom the literary language was Chinese).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christianity_in_Korea (3274 words)

	Christian martyrs in North Korea
		Christians were also at the forefront of the resistance against the Japanese occupation, that ended in 1945, and they helped lead the fight in the 1980s for democracy in their country.
		Eight Christians working in a prison smelting factory died instantly when molten iron was poured onto them, one by one, for refusing to deny their faith.
		But as the church father Tertullian…said at the dawn of Christianity: "The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church." Vollertsen, whose reports have made him a legendary figure in Japan and South Korea, found out that as a result of this Communist campaign of persecution an underground church was growing rapidly.
	www.martinrothonline.com /MRCC35.htm (673 words)

	South Korea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		South Korea can be divided into four general regions: an eastern region of high mountain ranges and narrow coastal plains; a western region of broad coastal plains, river basins, and rolling hills; a southwestern region of mountains and valleys and a southeastern region dominated by the broad basin of the Nakdong River.
		The South Korea government declared all problems of the Japanese colonization of Korea to have been solved by the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea in 1965.
		However South Korea's relations with Japan continue to be turbulent due to a number of unsettled Korean-Japanese disputes, many of which stemmed from the period of Japanese occupation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/South_Korea (4402 words)

	Korean religion – colonial period
		Korea as “holy race” and “second Israel”, “sacrificed for the divine sake”.
		Result – the formation of conservative anti-communist Christian milieu in the South and pro-governmental official pseudo-church (“Christian Federation”) in the North (with Kang Yang-uk, Kim Il-song’s mother’s cousin, and former pastor, as the head).
		The Korean War and finalization of the cleavage: American-built churches in the North are bombed and destroyed by the Americans (to the utmost dismay of pro-Governmental former Christians), and the “flied Christians” of Northern extraction consider the anti-Communist war “sacred” (the concept of “sacred war” – introduced by the Japanese during the Pacific War).
	www.geocities.com /uioeastasia2002/KSP11.htm (2936 words)

	Korean Christianity Professorship at UCLA:
		Korea has one of the most dynamic and creative Christian traditions in the world today, which is deserving of study in its own right.
		Korean Christians have begun to play a major role in world Christianity, including leading active ministries on virtually every continent, serving in leadership roles on many church governing bodies, and spearheading charitable activities around the world.
		For understanding modern Korea, the importance of Christianity to the broader culture cannot be underestimated.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /korea/christianity.asp (440 words)

	Korean History:: A Bibliography :::::: [RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY - Christianity]
		Perspectives on Christianity in Korea and Japan: The Gospel and Culture in East Asia.
		"Christianity and the Modernization of Korea." In Earl H. Phillips and Eui-Young Yu, eds.
		Christianity and the Encounter of Asian Religions: Method of Correlation, Fusion of Horizons, and Paradigm Shifts in the Korean Grafting Process.
	www.hawaii.edu /korea/bibliography/religion_philosophy-christianity.htm (4202 words)

	Pacific University's Portal on Korea - Gender Roles - Overview of Women in Korea
		During her time as queen, she was very successful in making ties with China, and was responsible for the building of the tower of the moon and stars, one of the first observatories in the east.
		With the introduction of Christianity, in the late 19th century to Korea, women experienced a newfound sense of freedom.
		From Christianity women experienced some change from their traditional roles, but it was the start of formal education for women that really facilitated change for them.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /as/resources/korea/gender-overview.html (805 words)

	STH \| Alumni
		For one thing, unlike Japan, America was not a colonizing country in Korea, “so people found something hopeful in ‘American’ Christianity in the face of the national crisis,” Oak says.
		After the Korean War, although churches in North Korea were nearly destroyed, Christianity in South Korea grew explosively and doubled every decade.” There were approximately 1.1 million Protestant Christians in 1960, 2.3 million in 1970, 5 million in 1980, and 10 million in 1990, Oak says.
		Oak also is revising his doctoral dissertation on the rise of Korean Christianity, which focuses on the work of the first generation of American missionaries, from 1880 to 1910, and their attitudes toward Korean religions.
	www.bu.edu /sth/focus/2004/spring/korean/index.html (1089 words)

	Korea Sessions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Christianity entered Korea over two centuries ago; since then, it has interacted with Korean culture at its deepest core and has grown to encompass a third of the current South Korean population.
		Neo-Confucians rebuffed Christian arguments for a transcendent, anthropomorphic God on both textual and ethical grounds, saying it was based on a misreading of the Classics and also encouraged human beings to engage in the selfish pursuit of personal salvation.
		Among the general population, there was growing agreement with the Christian rejection of polytheism coupled with a rejection of an anthropomorphic theology of transcendence.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/2005abst/Korea/k-182.htm (1014 words)

	Shamanistic Influences In Korean Pentecostal Christianity: An Analysis
		Korean Christianity could not be called "other-worldly." After the 1951 ending of the Korean War, South Korean Christians mounted a fierce opposition to the authoritarian regimes of Syngman Rhee and Chung Hee Park, during which time many believers were beaten and jailed.
		For example, during a "Here's Life Korea" campaign, in addition to being encouraged to pray for new converts, believers were also exhorted to pray for the justice of the Kingdom of God as well as national reconciliation (Cox 1995).
		Interestingly, the missionaries who brought Christianity to Korea passed over Korea's ruling elite and took the gospel message to the poor and rural areas.
	www.rickross.com /reference/yoidoyonggi/yoido3.html (908 words)

	Korean Religious Culture and its Affinity to Christianity: The Rise of Protestant Christianity in South Korea Sociology ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		What this study reveals is that Christian conversion in South Korea did not involve an exclusivistic change of religious affiliation, meaning that it did not require the repudiation of traditionally held beliefs.
		Despite the importance of addressing the "Christian question" in its Asian context, there has to date been but limited social scientific attention to the subject; most glaringly, the sociology of religion has yet to turn its research focus on the remarkable spread of Protestant Christianity in South Korea.
		It is argued here that the dramatic progress of Protestantism in South Korea during the 1960s, 70s, and 80s [1] was due in part to the way the imported faith converged with certain concepts and practices of Korean religious tradition.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0SOR/is_2_61/ai_63912429 (761 words)

	BudoSeek! Martial Arts Community - Christianity in Korea
		Christianity and Islam are hardly new religions in asia.
		Christianity offered hope when the Confucian order demanded subservience and so it began to grow amongst those seeking to 'rise up' in the greater scheme of things.
		Korea is also the home of the g12 movement - a church were the pastor decided to focus on 12 people, who each in turn focus on 12 people, and so on (after the model of Jesus - 12 disciples).
	www.budoseek.net /vbulletin/showthread.php?t=10211 (1779 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Korea does not have a history as the USA and other western countries with Christian roots.
		Modern Korea has many things to credit Christianity for bringing into this country: colleges and universities; western medicine; recognition of women as people of worth; but especially the Good News that Christ changes a person from the inside out.
		South Korea is also a country with modern industry, communications and transportation-- side benfits to what happened with the introduction of Christianity.
	www.cvc.org /christmas/korea.htm (552 words)

	Christianity in Korea - a dynamic revival
		It was a Christian evangelism tract, in English.
		Christian groups sometimes visited my wife’s brother-in-law in hospital and offered to pray for the family.
		During the 20th century Christianity in Korea went from virtually zero to about a third of the population.
	www.martinrothonline.com /MRCC20.htm (967 words)

	The GULLY \| Asia \| Life and Death in Queer Korea: Intro: Appetite for Conformity
		With a total land mass of only 38,023 square miles, slighter larger than the state of Indiana, the Republic of Korea, as it is known officially, occupies the southern half of the Korean Peninsula in northeast Asia.
		South Korea is one of the world's most ethnically homogeneous countries.
		South Korea's convulsed 20th century history and religious fundamentalism have exacerbated the culture's appetite for conformity.
	www.thegully.com /essays/asia/030306_gay_korea_intro.html (570 words)

	FREE In-depth report - Christianity - South Korea
		Roman Catholic missionaries did not arrive in Korea until 1794, a decade after the return of the first baptized Korean from a visit to Beijing.
		During the Japanese colonial occupation, Christians were in the front ranks of the struggle for independence.
		A large number of Christians lived in the northern part of the peninsula where Confucian influence was not as strong as in the south.
	www.exploitz.com /South-Korea-Christianity-cg.php (347 words)

	Christmas in Korea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Since the end of the Second World War, Korea has been divided into two countries: the communist Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in the north and the democratic Republic of Korea in the south.
		Given that religious activity is severely restricted in North Korea, Christmas observances on the peninsula take place in earnest in South Korea.
		Lay Catholic missionaries introduced Christianity to Korea in the late 18th century, with Protestants following some 100 years later.
	christmas-world.freeservers.com /korea.html (406 words)

	Korea Institute Newsletter
		His dissertation was entitled "Christianity in Colonial Korea: The Culture and Politics of Proselytization," and it examines the growth of Protestant Christianity in Korea and its relationship to indigenization in the initial, formative stage of the religion, looking at historical actors as diverse as Western missionaries, Korean preachers, intellectuals, and ordinary believers.
		An article by Chong Bum, "Preaching the Apocalypse in Colonial Korea: The Protestant Millennialism of Kil Son-ju" will appear in a forthcoming anthology, Christianity in Korea, edited by Robert Buswell and Timothy Lee, published by the University of Hawai'i Press.
		In the spring of 2004, Chong Bum taught a class on modern Japanese history at the University of Massachusetts at Boston.
	www.people.fas.harvard.edu /~korea/newsletter/newsletter102_007.html (278 words)

	Table of Contents, Christianity and Shamanism
		Traditional Korean Customs and Rites, and their Acceptance from a Christian Point of View
		Considerations regarding Relationships between Orthodoxy and Shamanism in Korea
		Christianity and Shamanism in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia): Personal Reflections
	www.oxfordu.net /seoul/tableofcontents.html (252 words)

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