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Topic: Christmas customs in Romania

	Christmas Customs in Romania
		Romanians spend the Christmas holiday in a special way, which is closely connected with traditions and customs which are deeply rooted in centuries-old history, elements of the rituals performed today remind us of the Neolithic age.
		In many European countries, Christmas and the New Year were jointly celebrated on December 25th, and the custom was preserved in Romanian Principalities until the end of the 19th century.
		This custom became pervasive in the countryside, coming from the urban area, at the beginning of the 19th century, being also attested by the Romans, Serbo-Croatians and the Latvians.
	www.roconsulboston.com /Pages/InfoPages/Commentary/Christmas.html (1145 words)

	EZGeography - Christmas customs in Romania
		Christmas in Romania falls on December 25th and is generally considered the most important religious holiday after Easter.
		The singing of carols is a very important part of Romanian Christmas festivities.
		On the first day of Christmas, many carolers walk through the streets of the towns and villages, holding a star made of cardboard and paper on which are depicted various scenes from the Bible.
	www.ezgeography.com /encyclopedia/Christmas_customs_in_Romania (151 words)

	Romania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Union of Transylvania with Romania was ratified in the Treaty of Trianon in 1920.
		Romania's lagging and unstable economy of the 1990s has been transformed into one of relative macroeconomic stability, high growth and low unemployment, and an an inflation rate of 9.2% (as of 2004), which is expected to be 7.5% in 2005 and is tipped to fall to around 5.0% in 2006.
		Romania now has one of the most liberal taxation systems in Europe, and it is expected that this, along with increased foreign investment, will boost economic growth in the coming years, as well as lower corruption and bring to light the grey economy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romania (3559 words)

	Suchmaschine
		Christmas in Romania falls on December 25 and is generally considered one of the most important religious holiday.
		Christmas celebration in Russia is on the 7th of January (which corresponds to December 25 in the Julian Calendar).
		The Christmas julbord is served with beer or julmust and snaps, the dishes of the julbord may vary throughout Sweden.
	www.dmoz.ch /lexikon.cgi?sprache=en&q=Christmas_customs_in_Romania (8089 words)

	Romania - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The modern Romania was born when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia merged in 1859, and became independent in 1877.
		Parts of Romania were incorporated by the Soviet Union in 1940, mostly comprising the present-day country of Moldova with small portions assigned to Ukraine.
		Romania reached an agreement with the IMF in August for a US $547 million loan, but release of the second tranche was postponed in October because of unresolved private sector lending requirements and differences over budgetary spending.
	www.free-definition.com /Romania.html (1178 words)

	Christmas tree
		Traditionally, Christmas trees were not brought in and decorated until Christmas Eve (24 December), and then removed the day after twelfth night (i.e., 6 January); to have a tree up before or after these dates was even considered bad luck.
		As Christmas presents arrive, they are generally placed underneath the tree on the tree skirt (depending on tradition, all Christmas gifts, or those too large to be hung on the tree, as in "presents on the tree" of the song "I'll Be Home For Christmas").
		The Christmas tree is often explained as a Christianization of the ancient pagan idea that the evergreen tree represents a celebration of the renewal of life.
	www.christmas.craftsart.net /Christmas_tree.html (3888 words)

	Romania / Christmas Romania
		From all these churches, then, great and little bells begin ringing at once on Christmas morn—not with the grand harmony, overpowering to the extent of being somewhat oppressive, of the Russian bells; neither have they, as in England, that distant, veiled sound which gives one the impression of coming from far beyond realities.
		As soon as it is out of town, swifter and swifter it glides on amidst the snow rapt plains, where from time to time silhouettes of wells appear with their long beams pointing towards the sky like fantastic birds.
		Thus one of them tells how, when on the road, Mary was seized with pains, and lay down under a poplar tree, which did not withhold its rustling, and Mary cursed it that it should shake and tremble for ever, be it calm or windy weather.
	www.tkinter.smig.net /Romania/Paganism/index.htm (2141 words)

	National Christmas Customs and Traditions
		Since Christmas has become associated with the Northern Hemisphere winter, motifs of this season are prominent in Christmas decorations and in the Santa Claus myth.
		Many aspects, such as the Christmas tree, the Yule Log, and the giving of presents, were taken from the earlier pagan holiday of Yule and the traditional celebrations of the Winter solstice.
		Christmas Eve (and Christmas in general) is an occasion for family reunions and everyone tries to spend the evening with their family.
	www.shiningrise.com /christmas/national-customs.htm (1194 words)

	Romania - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The modern state of Romania was formed by the merging of the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859 under the domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza.
		Union of Tranylvania with Romania was ratified in the Treaty of Trianon in 1920.
		Romania now has one of the most liberal taxation systems in Europe, and this, along with increased foreign investment, is expected to boost economic growth in the coming years, as well as lower corruption and bring to light the grey economy.
	www.grohol.com /wiki/Romania (2067 words)

	ROMANIA FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Romania (formerly spelled ''Rumania'' or ''Roumania''; Romanian: RomÃ¢nia) is a country in southeastern Europe.
		After repudiating their 'Contract with Romania' platform which would have required the CDR to resign en masse after 200 days from a mixed coalition government (some members had signed on to the contract programme while others had not), the major CDR parties were electorally eviscerated in 2000, and the Social Democrats returned to power.
		Romania's lagging and unstable economy of the 1990s has been transformed into one of relative macroeconomic stability, high growth and low unemployment, and an an inflation rate of 9.2% (as_of_2004), which is expected to be 8.3% in 2005 and is tipped to fall to around 6.5% in 2006.
	www.bellabuds.com /Romania (2375 words)

	[No title]
		Romania is bordered by Ukraine and Moldova in the northeast, Hungary and Serbia in the west and
		Romania reached an agreement with the IMF in August for a
		In Dobrogea, the region lying on the shore of the Black Sea, there is a small Muslim minority (of Turkish and Tatar ethnicity), a remnant of the Ottoman colonization of that province in the past.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Romania (1096 words)

	Christmas Customs
		Christmas Day is a day of colorful procession as the Indians who live and work in the highlands and mountains dress in their finest and ride their brightly arrayed llamas down to the ranches where their employers live.
		Christmas dinner begins with rice pudding with a lucky almond hidden in it for someone, and a bowl is also set out for the barn elf so that he will continue to watch over the animals and not turn mischievous.
		Before the midday meal on Christmas Eve, the family gathers in the kitchen for a custom called doppa I grytan, "dipping in the kettle." All gather round a pot filled drippings of pork, sausage and corned beef and dip dark bread into it, which they eat when it is completely soaked with the drippings.
	library.taylor.k12.in.us /tms/pg2ab1.htm (7306 words)

	Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The name ''Romania'' (correctly spelled with an accent on the first "a" as you see on the top right hand corner right above the flag image) comes from ''Roman'' (also spelled with an accent on the "a") which means "Romanian" in the Romanian language and is a derivate of the word "Roman" from Latin.
		Romania on Friday charged the translator for three Romanian journalists who were held in Iraq for 55 days, and an Arab businessman, of orchestrating the kidnapping.
		BUCHAREST, Romania (AP) - A Romanian court issued arrest warrants Friday in the kidnappings of three journalists in Iraq, saying the abductions were plotted by the Iraqi-American guide who claimed to be a victim and the businessman who claimed to be negotiating their release.
	www.infothis.com /find/Romania (1932 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Gepids and the Avars ruled Transylvania until eighth century, thence the Bulgars included Romania in their Empire until 1000.
		The Pechenegs, the Cumans and Uzes were also mentioned by historic chronicles on the teritory of Romania until the founding of the valachian principalities of Wallachia by Basarab, and Moldavia by Dragos during the 14th century.
		Romania reached an agreement with the IMF in August for a USD$547 million loan, but release of the second tranche was postponed in October because of unresolved private sector lending requirements and differences over budgetary spending.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Romania (1385 words)

	Christmas Traditions -- Kathy Capoccia
		For example, Henry VIII reintroduced previously “pagan” roast boar to the Christmas feast by dressing it in a rosemary and laurel wreath for “remembrance” and “glory,” with a lemon in its mouth as a symbol of plenty.
		Christmas breads, an integral part of heathen expressions of worship toward the gods of harvest, were transformed into the “bread of life,” complete with a letter “J” on top.
		Christmas gifts were not emphasized in colonial America but children expected small gifts and the wealthy were expected to give to the poor: Christmas was regarded to be more a time of joy than of gift giving.
	www.biblebb.com /files/christmas00.htm (9429 words)

	Christmas traditions & customs round the world. How different countries celebrate Christmas.
		Small family presents are given at Christmas too, under the tree, or in stockings near the fire-place, to be found in the morning.
		At mid-day, the 'peace of Christmas' is broadcast on radio and TV from the Finnish city of Turku by its Mayor.
		On Christmas morning, things such as cinnamon rolls or coffee cake are served for breakfast, and for dinner there is typically ham (and occasionally regal plum pudding).
	www.soon.org.uk /country/christmas.htm (1691 words)

	holiday attire: Christmas in Different Countries
		Christmas is celebrated on December 25 throughout Christendom, as the birth of Christ primarily because of the importance of Saturnalia, the ancient Roman festival in honor of Saturn the god of Agriculture, in Roman culture.
		Bulgarian families today commonly celebrate Christmas was a special large diner which is based on a long standing Christmas tradition where families gathered in their homes and ate a special Chritmas dinner on the ground sitting on straw.
		The day after Christmas, St. Stephen's Day, witnesses the rowdy old custom of hunting the wren, when boys go from door to door with a wren on a stick (today the wren is not a real one), singing the traditional song and begging for treats.
	histclo.hispeed.com /act/holiday/holxmasc.html (5110 words)

	Romania
		At the end of the 18th century, the Austrian Empire (since 1867 Austria-Hungary) incorporated Transylvania until 1918 at the end of World War I. The modern state of Romania was formed by the merging of the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859 under the Moldavian domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza.
		President of Romania was Ion Iliescu and Prime Minister - Adrian Nastase, the president of the Social-Democratic Party (PSD).
		The Treaty of Accession of Romania has been signed by EU Member States representatives in Luxembourg, Abbaye de Neumünster, on April, the 25th 2005.
	creekin.net /n152-romania.html (2160 words)

	International Religious Freedom Report 2002: Romania
		Christmas and the Orthodox Easter are national holidays, but this does not appear to affect any of the other religious groups.
		In addition, the Minister of Culture and Religious Denominations has stated that he is opposed to their restitution, irrespective of the court rulings on these lawsuits.
		Following Party of Social Democracy-Hungarian Democratic Federation of Romania (PSD-UDMR) discussions, at the beginning of May, steps were made toward speeding up the actual restitution of 13 buildings (9 of them belonging to the Hungarian churches) returned by previous decrees.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/irf/2002/13957.htm (7169 words)

	Christmas World
		Learning about the Christmas customs of various nations helps us to understand the wide variety of traditions that families have practiced for many centuries around the globe.
		He provides Christmas information to Charles Osgood and can often be heard during Christmas week on "The Osgood File" on the CBS Radio Network.
		For Christmas 2001, he is designed "Christmas in the Alps" a museum exhibit for an historic Florida museum.
	christmas-world.freeservers.com (1197 words)

	Romania needs to kick its habits \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		When I arrived after Christmas, I was convinced my Romania wouldn't still be the repository of orphans, vile wild dogs, or secret prisons that foreign media makes it out to be.
		But "only in Romania" does the lack of responsibility and respect for others turn a night of celebration into a night of spontaneous bonfires, which the police do nothing to stop.
		Fifteen years out of communism, this is not just about facilities, it's also about abusing a patient who is system-illiterate and doesn't know that he or she is entitled to a private bed.
	www.csmonitor.com /2006/0109/p09s02-coop.html (856 words)

	Articles - Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		At the end of the 18th century, the Austrian Empire (since 1867 Austria-Hungary) incorporated Transylvania until 1918 at the end of World War I.
		The only positive thing that this excessive economic policy brought was the reduction of Romania's foreign debt to a virtual zero by 1989.
		The average net salary per month in June 2005 was 721.60 new lei (207.36 euro), an increase of 0.2%, over the previous month.
	www.beadscenter.com /articles/Romania (2445 words)

	European police and justice systems - Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Republic of Hungary lies in Central Europe, bordered by Austria and Slovenia to the west, by Slovakia to the north, by Ukraine to the north-east, Romania to the east, and by Croatia and the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro to the south.
		The President of the Republic, elected for five years is the Head of the State and acts on the advice of the Cabinet (led by the Prime Minister), which is responsible to the National Assembly.
		The Hungarian Customs and Excise Authority is authorized to conduct criminal investigations in matters falling within their competence.
	www.interpol.int /public/Region/Europe/pjsystems/Hungary.asp (594 words)

	Holidays in Romania \| From the Field \| Media \| Peace Corps
		Volunteers across Romania have shared their holiday stories in hope of giving a picture of their new communities and the customs of their Romanian counterparts.
		She spent her Christmas with her mom at the orphanage, and learned exactly why her commitment to the Peace Corps has been fulfilling.
		For Christmas, I stayed in Vaslui and attended the Catholic Mass on Christmas Eve with a Romanian friend and his mother.
	www.peacecorps.gov /index.cfm?shell=resources.media.stories.romania (2540 words)

	Christmas customs in Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Includes contact for the Embassy of Romania to Canada in Ottawa, and also for the General Consulates of Romania in Montreal and Toronto, and the Honorary Consulate of Romania in Moncton.
		Customs regulates what moves in and out of a country and is key in the global economy.
		Sri Lanka Customs is one of the oldest Government Departments, established in the year 1806.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Christmas_customs_in_Romania (1467 words)

	Christmas in Romania
		Romania is located in Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine.
		The tradition in Romania is for children to travel from house to house on Christmas night singing carols and reciting poetry.
		According to custom, the leader carries a large wooden star called a Steaua, which is covered with shiny paper and decorated with bells and colored ribbon.
	christmas-world.freeservers.com /romania.html (147 words)

	Christmas In Greece Web Guide & Resources
		Christmas in Greece is a traditionally a solemn, religious holiday.
		CHRISTMAS IN GREECE December 25th by Gary Van Haas Christmas* was never considered much of a...
		Christmas in GREECE St. Nicholas is important in Greece as the patron saint of sailors.
	www.cultural-tours.org /christmas-in-greece.html (536 words)

	Christmas Carols, Christmas Cards, Christmas Eve
		The customs vary from country to country, from region to region.
		All of us are waiting in every year Christmas period in which people give presents,send cards, put up decorations in the house, out of it, on the streets, everywhere and young children look forward to a visit of Santa Claus.
		Christmas Holiday includes not only Christmas Day which is the most important anniversary, it includes also the New Year’s Day.
	christmas-customs.chrismas-ideas.info /christmas/carols_4.html (252 words)

	CVC Christmas Page Christmas History International Christmas
		Although it was never celebrated in biblical times, Christmas is celebrated in local churches here in Visalia, California in praise of the fact that God loved us so much, he sent his one and only son to earth.
		Christmas was declared a Federal Holiday in America on June 26, 1870 under the government headed by President Ulysses S. Grant during the period of reconstruction following the American Civil War.
		Slovenian - Merry Christmas = vesele bozicne praznike OR vesel bozic.
	www.cvc.org /christmas (2451 words)

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