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Topic: Christoph Schappeler

	Christoph Schappeler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Christoph Schappeler was the preacher at St. Martin's in Memmingen during the early 1500's, during the Protestant Reformation and the Peasants' War.
		When he was excommunicated in 1524, the senate refused to follow the bishop's order to have him banished.
		It is believed that Schappeler and Sebastian Lotzer wrote The Twelve Articles: The Just and Fundamental Articles of All the Peasantry and Tenants of Spiritual and Temporal Powers by Whom They Think Themselves Oppressed in early 1525.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christoph_Schappeler (191 words)

	Page 226
		The writings of the Reformers were spread abroad, along with copies of the Scriptures, especially the New Testament; but the council could not be pre vailed upon to interfere, since the movement had caught hold of the imagination of the people.
		Schappeler attracted not only an en thusiastic following in the town but also among the peasants of the surrounding country, who were op pressed with economic and legal grievances.
		Moreover, the Swabian League, under the implacable Leonhard von Ech, refused all discussion, and in the confusion it took advantage of a long-cherished desire for an armed invasion of the imperial city, under pretense that Memmingen was the breeding-place of disturbance and Schappeler the chief agitator, to be visited with a bloody penalty.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc/encyc10/htm-old/0244=226.htm (715 words)

	Memmingen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1286 it became a free town of the Empire, only responsible to the Kaiser.
		Christoph Schappeler, the preacher at St. Martin's during the early 1500's, was an important figure for Memmingen during the Protestant Reformation and the Peasants' War.
		The Twelve Articles: The Just and Fundamental Articles of All the Peasantry and Tenants of Spiritual and Temporal Powers by Whom They Think Themselves Oppressed was written (probably by Schappeler and Sebastian Lotzer) in early 1525.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Memmingen (549 words)

	Mosaic: Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Twelve Articles were compiled early in 1525 in the imperial city of Memmingen by Sebastian Lotzer, a tanner, and Christoph Schappeler, the evangelical pastor of St. Martin's church in Memmingen.
		Lotzer and Schappeler drew upon and summarized various grievance lists which had circulated among Upper Swabian peasants.
		Composed during the German Peasants' War of 1524-1526, this document illuminates both social conditions in early sixteenth-century Germany and the combustible mixture which could be made of religion and politics during the Reformation.
	college.hmco.com /history/west/mosaic/chapter8/module14.html (1507 words)

	Chapter 3: The Struggle for Justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Federal Ordinance, the case for Schappeler now appears the stronger, because of the strong presumption that he was the anonymous author of the pamphlet,
		Articles was regarded by Schmid, Lotzer and Schappeler as putting the Upper Swabian commoners in harmony with the Reformation and validating the social, economic and legal demands of the other nine articles.
		Twelve Articles: “Whether Schappeler had directly participated in the formulation of the Twelve Articles – the most widely circulated program of the German Peasants’ War – is controversial.
	www.queensu.ca /history/Hist_341/Hist_341_Struggle_for_Social_Justice1.htm (7282 words)

	Peasants War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Under the leadership of Ulrich Schmid, the Baltringen headquarters at the imperial city of Memmingen became a kind of capital city for the uprising;
		In early March, representatives of the three main Upper Swabian bands (Allgäu, Lake, and Baltringen) united for the so-called “Memmingen Peasant Parliament,” where they adopted the Twelve Articles written by Christoph Schappeler and Sebastian Lotzer (a journeyman-furrier) and the Federal Ordinance;
		Throughout March, the Twelve Articles spread throughout southern Germany; meanwhile peasant representatives negotiated unsuccessfully with the Swabian League to find a peaceful resolution to the crisis;
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~dluebke/Reformations441/PeasantsWar.html (1188 words)

	German Peasants War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Aggrieved burghers, guilds men, and miners also participated in their drafting.
		The principal authors were Sebastian Lotzer, a Memmingen journeyman furrier, and Christoph Schappeler, a Lutheran pastor of that city.
		In the Articles, the common man was portrayed as godly, bound in conscience to scripture, and desiring no more than his legitimate rights.
	members.eisa.com /~ec086636/german_peasants_war.htm (12276 words)

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