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	Christoph Willibald Gluck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Christoph Willibald Gluck (July 2, 1714 – November 15, 1787) was a German (A person of German nationality) composer (Someone who composes music as a profession).
		Gluck's idea was to make the drama of the work more important than the star singers who performed it, and to do away with recitative (A vocal passage of narrative text that a singer delivers with natural rhythms of speech) which broke up the action.
		Christoph Willibald Gluck is buried in the Zentralfriedhof (additional info and facts about Zentralfriedhof) in Vienna, Austria.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/christoph_willibald_gluck.htm (469 words)

	Christoph Willibald Gluck - Wikipedia
		In den folgenden Jahren wandte sich Gluck völlig von der italienischen opera seria ab und bearbeitete stattdessen französische opéra comique.
		Gluck führte Salieri in Paris ein und überließ ihm 1783 das Textbuch zur Tragédie lyrique Les Danaïdes.
		Glucks Reform der Oper trug ihre Früchte auch in der deutschen Oper (obwohl er kein dramatisches Werk auf Deutsch geschrieben hatte), besonders bei Weber, Marschner und Wagner.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christoph_Willibald_Gluck (1234 words)

	AllRefer.com - Christoph Willibald von Gluck (Music: History, Composers, And Performers, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Christoph Willibald von Gluck[kris´tOf vil´EbAlt fun glook] Pronunciation Key, 1714–87, German-born operatic composer.
		Gluck revolutionized opera by establishing lyrical tragedy as a unified vital art form.
		Eventually, Gluck's emphasis on dramatic impact and musical simplicity became incorporated into the French operatic tradition, and his influence on later composers was considerable.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Gluck-Ch.html (390 words)

	Encyclopedia: Christoph Willibald Gluck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Orfeo ed Euridice is an opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck.
		Alceste is an opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck.
		IphigÃ©nie en Tauride is an opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Christoph-Willibald-Gluck (1777 words)

	Christoph Willibald Gluck Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He is seen as one of the most important opera composers of the Classical music era, and is particularly remembered for the opera Orfeo ed Euridice.
		Gluck was born in Erasbach to a forester in the service of a nobleman.
		Christoph Willibald Gluck is buried in the Zentralfriedhof in Vienna, Austria.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/christoph_willibald_gluck.html (471 words)

	Christoph Willibald Gluck - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gluck, detail of a portrait by Joseph Duplessis, dated 1775 (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)
		Christoph Willibald (von) Gluck (July 2, 1714 – November 15, 1787) was a German composer.
		While in Vienna, Gluck composed Orfeo ed Euridice (1762)(also known as Orpheus und Euridyka), one of his best known works, and the ballet Don Juan (1761).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gluck (531 words)

	Christoph Willibald Gluck: Reviews, Discography, Audio Clips, and more \|\|\| Music.com
		Gluck finally settled in Prague where he served the Prince of Saxe-Hildburghausen as the Concert Master for the orchestra and then as Kappelmeister.
		The principles that Gluck brought to bear upon the reform of opera included: making the music serve the text by giving expression to the events; non-interruption of the story-line for orchestral ritornellos and flowery, embellished singing; and, to alleviate the distinction between arias and recitatives.
		Historically Gluck was important to musical composition by bringing about a balance between music and drama; the music could be powerful and lively if the dramatic situation arose or the music could be soft and majestic.
	music.com /person/christoph_willibald_gluck/1 (469 words)

	HOASM: Christoph Willibald Gluck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gluck's father, Hans Adam, was hunting and forest master for the Lobkowitz family in the Upper Palatinate, later in northern Bohemia.
		Gluck's early attempts to practice musical instruments were reportedly thwarted by his father, who had his son assist him in the hunt.
		In 1750 Gluck married Maria Anna Bergin, daughter of a merchant with close ties to the imperial court.
	www.hoasm.org /XIID/XIIDGluck.html (669 words)

	Christoph Willibald Gluck Biography / Biography of Christoph Willibald Gluck Biography
		Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787) was a composer and opera reformer.
		Christoph Willibald Gluck was born of German-Bohemian stock on July 2, 1714, at Erasbach in the Upper Palatinate.
		After a short stay in Vienna in 1736, Gluck went to Milan, where he was in the employ of the Melzi family from 1737 to 1739.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/christoph-willibald-gluck (240 words)

	- Classical Music Dictionary - Free MP3
		Gluck now decided to apply his new ideals to French opera, and in 1774 gave Iphigénie en Aulide (as well as Orphée, a French revision of Orfeo) in Paris.
		It was a triumph, but also set the ground for a controversy between Gluck and Italian music (as represented by Piccinni) which flared up in 1777 when his Armide was given, following a French version of Alceste (1776).
		Gluck's opera reforms - they are not exclusively his own, for several other composers (notably Jommelli and Traetta, both like Gluck French-influenced) had been working along similar lines - are outlined in the preface he wrote, probably with Calzabigi's help, to the published score of Alceste.
	www.karadar.it /Dictionary/gluck.html (454 words)

	Gluck, Christoph (1714 - 1787) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The form underwent various changes and reforms and the name of Gluck is associated with a tendency to greater operatic realism, the drama subsumed in the music, his principles expounded in his introduction to his opera Alceste in 1767.
		By far the best known of all excerpts from operas by Gluck is the Dance of the Blessed Spirits from Orfeo, closely rivalled by the aria Che faró senza Euridice from the same opera.
		Gluck was associated with the choreographer and dancer Angiolini.
	www.hnh.com /composer/gluck.htm (203 words)

	Rough Guides Music: Christoph Willibald Gluck
		It was Gluck who put into practice the principle defined by his near-contemporary Pietro Metastasio – "when the music in union with drama takes precedence, then the drama and music itself suffers in consequence".
		Gluck was the first composer to deny his singers any opportunity to indulge mere display, for in Gluck's operas the role of the music is to transmit the meaning of the libretto.
		German-born, Gluck was educated in Prague then moved to Vienna in 1736, where he played cello in a nobleman's private orchestra.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_kmrgm/is_200111/ai_kepm284587 (239 words)

	200. Todestag von Christoph Willibald Gluck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Die bedeutsame Rolle, die Gluck in der abendländischen Musikgeschichte spielt, war keineswegs von Anfang an vorgezeichnet.
		Dieser wendete sich in den folgenden Jahrzehnten vor allem der Reform der traditionellen Oper zu und hatte 1762 mit der italienischen Oper "Orfeo ed Euridike" in Wien einen großen Erfolg.
		Christoph Willibald Gluck: Orfeo ed Euridice, Christoph Willibald Gluck: Don Juan
	www.aeiou.at /aeiou.stamp.1987.871113b (208 words)

	Christoph Willibald Gluck: Orfeo Ed Euridice (Libretto) à Musicroom.com - Partitions Pour Musiciens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gluck's 'Orfeo et Euridice' was one of three operas composed by Gluck in an attempt to reform the Italian opera seria.
		The libretto is noble and grand and this must have inspired Gluck, for his approach to the score is also monumental, as well as orchestral in nature.
		The third act is particularly beautiful, as Gluck and Calzabigi turn the shade of Euridice into a complex lover and wife, unwilling to follow her husband blindly out of Hades, even though she has been called back to life.
	www.musicroom.com /fr-FR/se/ID_No/022143/details.html (342 words)

	Read about Christoph Willibald Gluck at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Christoph Willibald Gluck and learn about ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He is seen as one of the most important opera composers of the
		In 1756, Pope Benedict XIV knighted Gluck and awarded him the
		Gluck revised both Orfeo ed Euridice and Alceste for Parisian productions, also translating them from the original Italian into
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Christoph_Gluck (477 words)

	CLASSICAL MUSIC ARCHIVES: Biography of Christoph Willibald von Gluck
		Gluck, Christoph Willibald von (b Erasbach, 1714; d Vienna, 1787).
		Gluck set forth his operatic creed in the preface to Alceste.
		The simplicity and sublimity of Gluck's melodies, supported by a vivid dramatic sense, have ensured the survival of a large proportion of his mus.
	www.classicalarchives.com /bios/codm/gluck.html (479 words)

	Christoph Willibald Gluck - Orphée et Eurydice DVD
		Gluck's adaptation of the Greek legend of Orpheus fully illustrates his goals as a composer.
		Gluck transforms the famous Italian opera into a simpler story, which bursts full of emotional intensity.
		As the first of Gluck's reform operas, ORPHEÉ connects the music to the drama, and is led by emotions rather than convoluted plot lines.
	www.cduniverse.com /search/xx/movie/pid/6784679/a/Christoph+Willibald+Gluck+%2D+Orph%E9e+et+Eurydice.htm (271 words)

	Christoph Willibald Gluck : Gluck
		While in Vienna, Gluck composed Orfeo ed Euridice (1760), one of his best known works, and the ballet Don Juan (1761).
		After writing Armide[?] in 1777 and Iphigénie en Tauride[?] in 1778, Gluck returned to Vienna.
		I was therefore alarmed at these symptoms of the make, when he asked my opinion of her beauty; at length I came to had a fortune of ten thousand pounds, and was said to be.
	www.termsdefined.net /gl/gluck.html (535 words)

	Gluck, Christoph Willibald von
		A portrait of German composer Christophe Gluck, by an unknown artist.
		Gluck was born in Germany (hence the additional name of Ritter von, which is sometimes accorded him).
		In 1774 his Iphigénie en Aulide/Iphigenia in Aulis, produced in Paris, France, brought to a head the fierce debate over the future of opera in which Gluck's French style had the support of Marie Antoinette, while his Italian rival Niccolò Piccini had the support of Madame du Barry.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0001528.html (311 words)

	CHRISTOPH WILLIBALD GLUCK, Biography, Discography
		He met the poet Calzabigi and the choreographer Angiolini, and with them wrote a ballet-pantomime Don Juan (1761) embodying a new degree of artistic unity.
		The next year they wrote the opera Orfeo ed Euridice, the first of Gluck's so-called 'reform operas'.
		In 1764 he composed an opéra comique, La rencontre imprévue, and the next year two ballets, he followed up the artistic success of Orfeo with a further collaboration with Calzabigi, Alceste (1767), this time choreographed by Noverre; a third, Paride ed Elena (1770), was less well received.
	www.goldbergweb.com /en/history/composers/11010.php (408 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Features - Opera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		AS any serious arts enthusiast will testify, Orfeo ed Euridice by Christoph Willibald Gluck is one of the oldest and most compelling operas, which premiered in Venice back in 1762.
		New life has been breathed into the classic as the lovelorn Orfeo, his Euridice and their dramatic mythical story of love and loss is brought to the Edinburgh Festival Theatre by Opera North tomorrow and Saturday as part of the International Festival.
		Conducted by Nicholas Kok, Gluck’s opera retells the classical myth of Orpheus’ journey to the underworld to rescue his beloved Euridice from Hades.
	news.scotsman.com /features.cfm?id=1031562004 (419 words)

	NewOlde.com - Christoph Willibald Ritter von Gluck
		The Portraits of Christoph Willibald Ritter von Gluck
		Gluck's third and final operatic collaboration with Calzabigi, after their triumphal successes with Orfeo and Alceste.
		Gluck based a chaconne on a theme by Lully.
	www.newolde.com /gluck.htm (979 words)

	Teri Noel Towe's The Portraits of Christoph Willibald Ritter von Gluck Page
		It was a masterstroke on Duplessis's part to depict Gluck at the keyboard, for, like his exact contemporary Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Gluck often was totally transported while playing and was oblivious to all that surrounded him.
		In the last seven or eight years of his life, Gluck had several strokes, and, after he retired to Vienna in poor health, his enjoyment of the pleasures of the table was severely circumscribed by the strict diet on which he was placed by his physicians.
		This magnificent image, a depiction of a Gluck casually but elegantly garbed, a Gluck whose complexion and sagging left cheek provide poigant testimony of his health problems, a Gluck worn down by the political in-fighting and fed up with the hypocrisy and the backstabbing of the fickle Parisian musical world.
	www.npj.com /homepage/teritowe/cwgport.html (1515 words)

	Christoph Willibald Gluck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Er verließ seine Heimat in sehr jungen Jahren.
		Durch die Gunst des Fürsten Melzi, der Gluck in Wien spielen hörte kam er nach Mailand wo er Schüler des Komponisten Sammartini wurde.
		Nun begann Christoph Willibald Gluck gemeinsam mit Calzabigi die Reform der Oper.
	www.weidenwang.de /gluck.htm (182 words)

	Christoph Willibald Gluck - Internet-Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Find christoph willibald gluck and more at Lycos Search.
		Read about christoph willibald gluck in the free online encyclopedia and dictionary.
		Find christoph willibald gluck at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
	www.internet-encyclopedia.com /ie/c/ch/christoph_willibald_gluck.html (625 words)

	Christoph Willibald Gluck's opera "Alceste" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Christoph Willibald Gluck's opera "Alceste" with Anne Sofie von Otter in the title role
		As was the case with his opera "Orfeo ed Euridice", Christoph Willibald Gluck also prepared a French version of his "Alceste" about ten years after the world premiere in Vienna.
		Robert Wilson's statuesque, symmetrical disposition of the protagonists grippingly mirrors the symbolic portent of Gluck's music.
	www.unitel.de /classica/120800.htm (342 words)

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