
	Where results make sense

Topic: Christopher Langton

	Christopher Langton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Computer scientist Christopher Langton was one of the founders of the field of artificial life.
		A graduate of the University of Michigan, Langton created the Langton ant and Langton loop, both landmark simple artificial life simulations, in addition to his Lambda measure, a dimensionless measure of complexity in an evolutionary system: most interesting systems tend to converge on a particular lambda value.
		Langton is the first-born son of Jane Langton, noted author of numerous books including the "Homer Kelly Mysteries".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christopher_Langton (252 words)

	Edge: CHRISTOPHER G. LANGTON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		CHRISTOPHER LANGTON has worked as a scientist with the Complex Systems Group of the Theoretical Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and is a member of the External Faculty of the Santa Fe Institute.
		Langton organized the first Artificial Life workshop at Los Alamos in 1987 and has been the principle organizer of the succeeding workshops on Artificial Life, held in 1990 and 1992.
		Langton's research interests include computational architectures for Artificial Life studies, formal measures of complexity, cellular automata, the role of ecologies in evolution, and the origin of life.
	www.edge.org /3rd_culture/bios/langton.html (91 words)

	Inflatable object of desire - theage.com.au
		Langton's step-daughter, who sleeps in a room close to the sculptor's studio, was woken by the noise and alerted the family.
		Langton and Piccinini, who were at the Victorian College of the Arts together, were co-founders of the now defunct Basement artist-run space.
		Langton, who was born in South Africa and migrated to Australia in 1973 at the age of 19, studied science at the University of New England in Armidale, NSW, before transferring to Bendigo College where he completed a diploma of arts majoring in ceramics.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2003/07/18/1058035189360.html (1479 words)

	Patricia Piccinini: Plastic Life: Patricia Piccinini & Christopher Langton
		Melbourne-based artists Patricia Piccinini and Christopher Langton are well aware of the multivalence of this exhibition's title, for each in their individual practice has consistently engaged with many of questions engendered by the idea of 'Plastic Life'.
		Langton is renowned for his imposing installations of larger-than-life inflatable plastic dolls which he copies from cheap imported toys, works such as Whoever you are (1997-8) and Soft Centre (1998).
		Langton stresses that key to Alife research is the proposition that life is a property of form, not matter, a result of the organisation of matter rather than something that inheres in the matter itself.
	www.patriciapiccinini.net /essay.php?id=3&style=printing (1107 words)

	Edge of chaos - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The phrase edge of chaos was coined by computer scientist Christopher Langton in 1990.
		As λ varied, the behavior of the CA went through a phase transition of behaviors.
		Langton found a small area conducive to produce CAs capable of universal computation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Edge_of_chaos (349 words)

	The Third Culture - Chapter 21
		He's onto a good idea when he says that life seems to be at the transition between order and disorder, as he calls it: right at the edge of chaos, just at the temperature between where water is ice and where water is steam, that area where it's liquid — right in between.
		CHRISTOPHER G. is a computer scientist; visiting professor at the Santa Fe Institute; director of the institute's artificial-life program; editor of the journal Artificial Life.
		It was mathematical work, by Norman Packard and Langton himself, on so-called cellular automata that led to this conjecture, and further research on those automata may or may not support the idea, but there are now many other reasons to pursue the subject.
	www.edge.org /documents/ThirdCulture/ze-Ch.21.html (5264 words)

	News Release AAGBI Langton Hewer Award (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Associations special award is linked with the name of Langton Hewer; a pioneering anaesthetist who was himself the instigator of many anaesthetic innovations and played an important role in the continual quest to develop anaesthesia and patient safety.
		Hewer was a founder member of the Association of Anaesthetists and the first Editor of the leading Journal Anaesthesia in 1945, a position that he held for twenty years.
		Christopher Langton Hewer is perhaps best known as the author and later editor of Recent Advances in Anaesthesia and Analgesia, which first appeared in 1932 and continued under his editorship for fifty years.
	www.aagbi.org /release_Langton_Hewer_Award_2003.html (449 words)

	Digital Biota 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Christopher Langton organized the first three international workshops on Artificial Life, and is currently the Editor of the Artificial Life journal, published by MIT Press.
		Langton is a founder of the Swarm Corporation, a company providing multi-agent computer simulation tools for scientific and engineering applications in large-scale, real-world complex adaptive systems.
		Langton did his undergraduate work at the University of Arizona, graduating with a double major in Anthropology and Philosophy.
	www.cyberbiology.org /langton.html (237 words)

	Asia Times
		Among those experts is Christopher Langton, the head of defense analysis at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London.
		Langton noted that Musharraf's visit comes at the initiative of Putin, who extended the invitation last summer.
		Thus, Langton said that he also sees the visit in terms of a Kremlin bid to enhance Russia's role in South Asia while other strategic partnerships are shifting.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Central_Asia/EB06Ag01.html (1011 words)

	Introduction to the Edge of Chaos
		Christopher Langton, one of the founders of artificial life, began his work by studying one-dimensional cellular automata.
		Langton only worked with automata with the property that if a cell and are its neighbors are dead, then that cell will remain dead in the next generation.
		Langton defined a simple number that can be used to help predict whether a given CA will fall in the ordered realm, in the chaotic realm, or near the boundary, on the "edge of chaos." The number can be computed from the rules of the CA.
	math.hws.edu /xJava/CA/EdgeOfChaos.html (861 words)

	Langton’s ant
		A type of cellular automaton, or a simple form of artificial life, named after its designer, Christopher Langton.
		Interest in Langton’s ant stems from the fact that despite being a completely determined system governed by such extremely simple rules, the patterns it produces are fantastically rich and complex.
		In this sense, Langton’s ant is a very simple demonstration of the undecidability of the halting problem.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/L/Langtons_ant.html (436 words)

	the alife pages :: the games of life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Christopher Gale Langton, the man who coined the term ‘Artificial Life’, constructed a self-replicating automaton, which is one of the simplest systems in its class.
		The Langton Loop, as it is known, contained the minimum requirements postulated by von Neumann - information to be copied from generation to generation (the genotype, found as DNA in biological life) and the instructions, giving rise to characteristics and behaviour, derived from that information (the phenotype).
		Langton's Ant can be used as an analogue representing an essential stage in the evolution of complex systems such as life - a stage in which the existence of chaotic behaviour contains the potential for the spontaneous emergence of unpredictable forms of order.
	www.heapspace.com /alifepages/thegamesoflife.htm (1498 words)

	Patricia Piccinini: Modified Terrain
		The motorisation of the flowers conjures up the effects of the elements upon the flowers, like wind that whistles through the fields, but here the effect of the wind is refined and controlled, so that the blustering can never impede a perfect vantage point of the beauty of the flowers.
		Here Langton captures the essence of flowers, gratifying perceptions of how flowers should appear, while dispensing with some of the inevitabilities of living matter, namely the propensity to live and die.
		To this end Langton has created the larger than life work entitled Soft Centre, which features two giant inflatable koalas, modelled not on the animals themselves, but rather on the stylised koalas found on the packet of an Australian chocolate bar.
	www.patriciapiccinini.net /essay.php?id=22 (980 words)

	Genesis of Artificial Life by Terry Smith
		According to Chris Langton who coined the term, "Artificial Life is the name given to a new discipline that studies 'natural' life by attempting to recreate biological phenomena from scratch within computers and other 'artificial' media....
		Christopher Langton would show that the "'molecular logic of the living state' can be captured by the interactions of virtual automata and thus that the existence of artificial life within cellular automata is a distinct possibility" (Langton 1986, 120).
		And as Chris Langton has said, "The most surprising lesson we have learned from simulating complex physical systems on computers is that complex behavior need not have complex roots" (Waldrop 279).
	terrysmith.net /archives/collegehomepage/research/alife/genesis.html (4785 words)

	Michael Rosander's REALbasic page: the Ant 1.2.2
		The idea comes from Christopher Langton who first introduced his "virtual ant" in a 1986 paper titled "Studying Artificial Life with Cellular Automata".
		In the original version the ant follows one simple rule when moving: if the cell it enters is white it turns to the right, if it is a fl cell it turns to the left.
		In this model, Langton's original ant have the binary rule string (1 0), or decimal 2.
	homepage.mac.com /wozzo/rb/theAnt.html (860 words)

	Introduction to cellular automata 04
		Langton's basic idea is that it is possible to conceive a cellular automaton supporting a structure whose components constitute the information necessary to its own reproduction.
		The addition of a "sterilization" rule that blocks the evolution after a certain number of generations leads to the construction of some kind of coral.
		Langton's loops cannot, in any way, be considered as "living", they are nothing but a limited self reproductive construction.
	www.rennard.org /alife/english/acintrogb04.html (557 words)

	Faculty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Christopher Langton was appointed to the faculty in 1990.
		Langton's training has included graduate study at Boston University School of Theology and Andover Newton Theological School, as well as his degree work in California.
		Langton has also given classes and lectures on the Bible for adults in England and through Principia Adult Continuing Education (PACE) programs, and he has presented papers at regional meetings of the Society of Biblical Literature and the American Academy of Religion.
	www.prin.edu /college/academics/faculty/langtonc.htm (214 words)

	Langton's Ant applet (A. C. Nardella)
		Langton's ant is a cellular automaton (See the Notes at the bottom of this page for more on cellular automata) which poses a problem that is currently baffling mathematicians.
		A cellular automaton is a grid of cells which switch to different states (in this case yellow and grey) according to a specific set of rules.
		Langton's ant (named after its inventor, mathematician Christopher Langton) is one of the simplest cellular automata.
	www.webalice.it /anna.nardella/ant.html (360 words)

	[No title]
		Christopher Langton, ed., {\it Artificial Life\/}, The Proceedings of the 1987 Workshop in Los Almos, NM, Addison-Wesley, Redwood City California, 1989.
		Christopher Langton, Charles Taylor, Doyne Farmer, Steen Rasmussen, eds., {\it Artificial Life II\/}, Addison-Wesley, California, 1992.
		Christopher Langton et al., eds., {\it Artificial Life III\/}, Volume 16, Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Addison-Wesley, 1993.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/areas/alife/doc/edu/tes.txt (2937 words)

	Life As We Know It - A-Life and Art
		Strong A-Life positions, such as those held by Langton and Ray, claim that artificial life research either already does, or is capable of, creating entities that are really alive, in the sense that they self-replicate and evolve in an open-ended manner (http://www.hip.atr.co.jp/~ray/pubs/zen/node2.html).
		If as Christopher Langton suggests, it is presumptuous to restrict life to carbon-chain phenomena on Earth; if life is, as Thomas Ray has claimed, the inevitable, computational result of the formal organization of matter; if moreover, as Stuart Kauffman has proposed, the likelihood of its incidence is much more common than previously believed;
		Christopher Langton, Artificial Life in The Philosophy of Artificial Life Ed.
	www.artexetra.com /A-Life.html (3636 words)

	Vorlsung: Artificial Life
		In Christopher G. Langton, Charles Taylor, J. Doyne Farmer, and Steen Rasmussen, editors, Proceedings of the Workshop on Artificial Life (ALIFE '90), volume 5 of Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, pages 141-158, Redwood City, CA, USA, February 1992.
		In Christopher G. Langton, Charles Taylor, J. Doyne Farmer, and Steen Rasmussen, editors, Proceedings of the Workshop on Artificial Life (ALIFE '90), volume 5 of Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, pages 159-210, Redwood City, CA, USA, February 1992.
		Christopher G. Langton, Charles Taylor, J. Doyne Farmer, and Steen Rasmussen, editors.
	www.minet.uni-jena.de /~dittrich/aca/2004-lec-alife (920 words)

	Christopher Langton on Security and Elections in Afghanistan - Council on Foreign Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It appears that you are using either an older, classic Web browser or a hand-held device that allows you to view our content but may not work with every feature of our site.
		On September 18, Afghans go to the polls to elect a lower house of parliament and councils in all thirty-four provinces.
		externally promoted, campaign to democratize Afghanistan—which is what they don’t want,” says Colonel Christopher Langton, head of the defense analysis department at the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies and a research fellow on Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States.
	www.cfr.org /publication/8762/christopher_langton_on_security_and_elections_in_afghanistan.html?breadcrumb=default (2570 words)

	Scientific American: June 1995
		Crutchfield and Mitchell also question whether "anything like a drive toward universal-computational capabilities is an important force in the evolution of biological organisms." Mitchell complains that in response to these criticisms, proponents of the edge of chaos keep changing their definition.
		Langton has promulgated a view known as "strong a-life." If a programmer creates a world of "molecules" that-by following rules such as those of chemistry-spontaneously organize themselves into entities that eat, reproduce and evolve, Langton would consider those entities to be alive "even if it's in a computer." Inevitably, artificial life has begotten artificial societies.
		Langton, surprisingly, seems to accept the possibility that artificial life might not achieve the rigor of more old-fashioned research.
	www.ar-tiste.com /qcomp_onion/jan2002/HorganSciAmJune1995.htm (3145 words)

	Langton
		It is quite impossible to convey the richness of the almost endless possibilities inherent in the rules governing Langton's Ant.
		The significance of Langton's Ant is that it is a completely determined system, with relatively simple rules, but also with an almost infinite number of possible outcomes.
		In spite of being constrained by relatively simple rules, Langton's Ant exhibits a measure of autonomy.
	www.greenspirit.org.uk /resources/Langton.htm (676 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Akram Gizabi, an expert for "Jane's Islamic Affairs Analyst," -- a British journal by the same group that publishes "Jane's Defense Weekly" -- reported this week that the ISI is now actively helping remnants of the Taliban regroup within Pakistan's western tribal regions for cross-border attacks into southern and southeastern Afghanistan.
		He said the recent election of pro-Taliban Islamic fundamentalists in Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province and Balochistan, both of which border Afghanistan, has further dampened Islamabad's relations with the United States.
		Junaid Ahsan, a researcher at the Pakistan Institute for International Affairs in Karachi, told RFE/RL that improved ties between the United States and India in recent months have caused the Kremlin to reexamine its relations with Islamabad.
	www.rferl.org /features/2003/02/04022003173557.asp (1055 words)

	Cellular Automata
		The program implements the 1-dimensional, 4-state, 5-neighborhood (current included) cellular automata, as described in Christopher Langton's article.
		The program creates a table of 1024 values, partly filled with 0 (transition to fl), partly filled with random 1, 2, or 3 (transition to blue, green, or red) as defined by Langton's lambda value.
		When constructing the transition table, Langton uses a restriction he calls Spatial Isotropy.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~kleiweg/ca (610 words)

	ASA July 2002 Newsletter
		For the 2002 lecture, Dr. Wilkinson will discuss "Barts, Books, the Blues and Beyond: The Story of Christopher Langton Hewer." This eclectically titled lecture will be delivered at the ASA Annual Meeting on Tuesday, October 15, 2002, at 1 p.m.
		Appointed to the staff of St. Bartholomew's at age 24 as "Administrator of Anaesthetics," Christopher Langton Hewer (1896-1986) collaborated with H.E.G. Boyle, M.D., with whom he co-authored the text Practical Anaesthetics.
		Without doubt, the verve, infectious enthusiasm and compelling vibrancy of Dr. Wilkinson will ensure that Christopher Langton Hewer is not consigned to the periphery of anesthesia history.
	www.asahq.org /Newsletters/2002/7_02/wright.html (662 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)