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Topic: Chromatin

Related Topics

Euchromatin

Nucleoplasm

Histone

Chromosome

Pyknosis

Heterochromatin

Chromatid

Cell nucleus

Biological cell

Apoptosis

DNA

Methylation

Protein

Nuclear envelope

Immune system

	Progesterone-binding Components of Chick Oviduct. III. CHROMATIN ACCEPTOR SITES -- Spelsberg et al. 246 (13): 4188 -- ...
		in oviduct cytosol with the oviduct chromatin in vitro is sensitive
		composed of histones from chromatin of one tissue and the DNA
		the extensive association of progesterone with the oviduct chromatin.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/246/13/4188 (436 words)

	Chemical & Engineering News: Cover Story - To Save Space, Genomic DNA Is Packaged Into Chromatin
		First named chromatin in 1882, this magnificent macromolecular structure has become the focus of many researchers who are convinced it is the central stage whose very structure helps determine which genes in a particular cell are active or silent.
		David Allis, a chromatin researcher at Rockefeller University.
		The research field devoted to studying all of this chromatin activity, called epigenetics, is on a meteoric rise.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/coverstory/84/8429chromatin1.html (359 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Chromatin
		In eukaryotes chromatin is found inside the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, while in prokaryotes, the chromatin is held within the nucleoid.
		The functions of chromatin are to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and meiosis, and to serve as a mechanism to control expression.
		The physical strength of chromatin is vital for this stage of division to prevent shear damage to the DNA as the daughter chromosomes are separated.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Chromatin (1796 words)

	Chromatin Summary
		Chromatin can only be found in a cell with a nucleus and is therefore not present in a prokaryotic cell.
		Heterochromatin is chromatin in condensed form, is seen as dense patches and is transcriptionally inactive while euchromatin is seen as delicate, thread-like structures that are abundant in active transcription cells.
		DNA is packaged into chromatin thereby constraining the size of the molecule and allowing the cell to control expression of the chromatin-packaged genes.
	www.bookrags.com /Chromatin (2072 words)

	Introduction to Chromatin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although chromatin is organized at levels beyond the chromatin fiber (solenoid), the molecular arrangement of the highest levels of chromatin organization is not well understood.
		Modifications of chromatin histones are usually associated with the regulation of biological processes such as DNA replication, gene expression, chromatin assembly and condensation, and cell division.
		The ultimate answer for the structural-functional motif of chromatin is that when DNA is folded into heterochromatin, it is relatively inaccessible to the polymerases and proteins involved in DNA transcription.
	library.thinkquest.org /C006188/basics/chromatin.htm (374 words)

	Chromatin Structure (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chromatin is the substance which becomes visible chromosomes during cell division.
		The structure of chromatin is dynamically changing, at least in part, depending on the need of transcription (see Chapter 4 Section G).
		In the metaphase of cell division, the chromatin is condensed into the visible chromosome.
	www.web-books.com /MoBio/Free/Ch3D.htm (143 words)

	Nuclear Polyanions as De-Repressors of Synthesis of Ribonucleic Acid.
		A parallel increase in both non-histone proteins and in RNA has recently been found in the soluble chromatin of active tissues in the chicken (22), in the active puffs of polytene chromosomes (34), and in the active loops of lampbrush chromosomes (35).
		In such experiments, the chromatin fractions contained both the RNA polymerase (22, 36, 37) and the template DNA (22, 36, 37) needed for such synthesis, and were suspended as equal concentrations of either active chromatin or repressed chromatin (4-8 mg.
		2), the extended active chromatin fraction remained 3-8 times as active in RNA synthesis as compared to the condensed repressed cchromatin fraction of the same animal, suggesting that the mechanisms controlling RNA synthesis within the intact nucleus have survived the isolation procedure, and are still functioning within these isolated chromatin fractions (7).
	www.euchromatin.net /chromatin01.htm (1778 words)

	chromatin remodeling
		Chromatin remodeling plays a crucial role in regulating chromatin states that conserve transcription programs and provide a mechanism for chromatin states to be maintained as cells proliferate, a process referred to as epigenetic inheritance.
		Chromatin structure and gene transcription are influenced by ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, histone modifications, PcG and trxG protein complexes, DNA methylation, variant histone proteins, and RNAi.
		Chromatin remodeling complexes all have an ATPase subunit important for nucleosome remodeling, but are diversified and specialized by additional associated proteins.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~jiayi/research/Paper_reading/chromatin_remodeling.htm (1400 words)

	Chromatin - News
		Chromatin is an agricultural biotechnology company developing its mini-chromosome technology for accelerated development and market launch of high-value products from genetically enhanced seeds for major crops.
		Chromatin, Inc. develops and markets novel proprietary technology that enables entire chromosomes to be designed and incorporated into plant cells.
		Chromatin is employing these new genetic tools to design and market products that confer commercially valuable traits in plants, including improved nutritional and health characteristics, and can be used for industrial, agricultural and pharmaceutical product development.
	www.chromatininc.com /article18.php (326 words)

	Chromatin dynamics \| Institut Curie
		Chromatin organization is critical in the control of the multiple functions within the eukaryotic nucleus (Ridgway and Almouzni, 2001, 2002) (Fig.
		This analysis of chromatin assembly on a single DNA molecule, using fluorescence videomicroscopy permits the measurements of early events occuring during the chromatin assembly reaction.
		Our purpose is to analyse the chromatin dynamics with the responses to genotoxic stress of model tumor cells and of cells from patients recruted at the Institut Curie, in order to enlight the links between dysfunctions of responses and malignancy.
	www.curie.fr /recherche/themes/detail_equipe.cfm/lang/_gb/id_equipe/4.htm (2846 words)

	The Cell Nucleus II
		Chromatin is the name that describes nuclear material that contains the genetic code.
		In this photograph, FISH was used to detect sequences in chromatin in interphase nuclei.
		The figure on the left shows the tangled chromatin fibers in the left panel.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /cellbio/nucleus2.htm (1412 words)

	SWI/SNF-dependent long-range remodeling of yeast HIS3 chromatin -- Kim and Clark 99 (24): 15381 -- Proceedings of the ...
		SWI/SNF-dependent long-range remodeling of yeast HIS3 chromatin -- Kim and Clark 99 (24): 15381 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		chromatin structure of an entire gene in vivo.
		Contribution of the Serine 129 of Histone H2A to Chromatin Structure
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/short/99/24/15381 (634 words)

	The diameters of frozen-hydrated chromatin fibers increase with DNA linker length: evidence in support of variable ...
		The diameters of frozen-hydrated chromatin fibers increase with DNA linker length: evidence in support of variable diameter models for chromatin -- Athey et al.
		The diameters of frozen-hydrated chromatin fibers increase with DNA linker length: evidence in support of variable diameter models for chromatin
		Bermudez, A, Bartolome, S, Daban, J. Partial denaturation of small chromatin fragments: direct evidence for the radial distribution of nucleosomes in folded chromatin fibers.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/111/3/795 (381 words)

	Relation of mammalian sperm chromatin heterogeneity to fertility -- Evenson et al. 210 (4474): 1131 -- Science
		Flow cytometry of heated sperm nuclei revealed a significant decrease in resistance to in situ denaturation of spermatozoal DNA in samples from bulls, mice, and humans of low or questionable fertility when compared with others of high fertility.
		Since thermal denaturation of DNA in situ depends on chromatin structure, it is assumed that changes in sperm chromatin conformation may be related to the diminished fertility.
		Nuclear chromatin variations in human spermatozoa undergoing swim-up and cryopreservation evaluated by the flow cytometric sperm chromatin structure assay.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/short/210/4474/1131 (975 words)

	Chromatin
		Colleagues in the chromatin field: you are allowed to download the full powerpoint presentation provided that the "© 2002 Waterborg - UMKC" notice is retained (7.4 MB file).
		To find out more about Chromatin, Histones and Gene Expression, and about Chromatin Researchers, have a look at Bone's Chromatin Page.
		The chromatin fiber as seen by atomic force microscopy 500 kb file!
	sgi.bls.umkc.edu /waterborg/chromat/chromatn.html (567 words)

	The three-dimensional architecture of chromatin in situ: electron tomography reveals fibers composed of a continuously ...
		The three-dimensional architecture of chromatin in situ: electron tomography reveals fibers composed of a continuously variable zig-zag nucleosomal ribbon -- Horowitz et al.
		The three-dimensional architecture of chromatin in situ: electron tomography reveals fibers composed of a continuously variable zig-zag nucleosomal ribbon
		Ostashevsky, J. A Polymer Model for the Structural Organization of Chromatin Loops and Minibands in Interphase Chromosomes.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/125/1/1 (635 words)

	Chromatin Structure and Function
		The developmental impact of changes in chromatin at specific genes is being explored in mammalian white blood cells and in plants.
		The novel structure of telomeres, at the ends of chromosomes, and the mechanisms for maintaining that structure are crucial to chromosome stability, with profound implications for cancer and aging.
		As befits the wide-ranging biological impact of chromatin structure and function, many of these laboratories are also associated with other focus groups in transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, or cancer cell biology.
	www.ns.msu.edu /genetics/ResearchAreas/chromatinstructure.htm (372 words)

	BERC Publications: A few words about DNA and chromatin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Because of random variations in the length of the linker segment of the chromatin, the effects of nucleosome phasing gradually decrease as the distance from a regulatory protein increases.
		When chromatin is isolated from cells under conditions similar to those expected in a cellular environment, chromatin does not have a beads-on-a-string structure.
		The condensed regions of chromatin are referred to as heterochromatin, and the unfolded regions are termed euchromatin.
	www.pnl.gov /berc/bg/dna.html (1960 words)

	Chromosome Territories, Nuclear Architecture and Gene Regulation in Mammalian Cells.
		Gene-poor chromatin (red), is preferentially located at the nuclear periphery and in close contact with the nuclear lamina (yellow), as well as with infoldings of the lamina and around the nucleolus (nu).
		Note that the topology of mid-replicating chromatin (at the nuclear periphery and around the nucleoli) and early-replicating chromatin (in the interior nuclear compartment) was maintained through several post-labelling cell cycles.
		Nine 100-kb chromatin domains are shown in a closed configuration and one in an open chromatin configuration with a relaxed chain structure that expands at the periphery of the 1-Mb domain.
	www.euchromatin.org /Cremer01.htm (1637 words)

	Histone.com - Chromatin
		In chromatin domains that were transcriptionally repressed, the pattern was reversed: high levels of lysine 9 methylation, but very little acetylation or lysine 4 methylation (figure 1).
		The recent discovery of an enzyme complex that catalyzes the methylation of lysine 27 on the H3 tail indicates that this modification stimulates the epigenetic silencing of genes in chromatin nearby the methylated region.
		One area of chromatin research that promises to become extremely important in the near future involves the study of histone variants, histone isoforms with subtle variations in sequence that serve specialized cellular functions.
	www.histone.com /chromatin_year.htm (1977 words)

	The Rockefeller University - The Lab of Chromatin Biology
		Chromatin, the repeating polymer of DNA and associated histone proteins, is the physiological template of our genome.
		The fundamental structure of chromatin suggests that all DNA-templated processes, including a wide range of epigenetic phenomena, are influenced by chromatin alterations with far-reaching implications for human biology and disease, notably cancer.
		Chromatin modifications, and the regulation of the enzymes responsible for adding or subtracting them, are poised to take center stage in the study of cancer in the current post-genomic or epigenomic era.
	www.rockefeller.edu /labheads/allis/allis-lab.php (666 words)

	Germline chromatin
		Finally, gamete-specific chromatin regulation during gametogenesis impacts on X chromatin assembly in the offspring, leading to an apparent sperm-imprinted X inactivation in the early embryo.
		A histone modification corresponding to a transcriptionally competent chromatin structure is present in all cells of the early embryo, but absent from Z2 and Z3.
		Male specific targeting of the X chromosome for repressive chromatin assembly appears to be an evolved consequence of the unpaired status of the X in males.
	www.wormbook.org /chapters/www_germlinechromatin/germlinechromatin.html (6464 words)

	Mechanisms of Gene Repression and De-Repression within Interphase Chromatin.
		By early interphase, all distinction between individual chromosomes is usually lost, and the chromosomal substance is visible either as condensed masses (chromocenters, heterochromatin) of repressed chromatin (31-33), or as extended microfibrils (euchromatin) of chromatin engaged in the active synthesis of RNA (32, 33).
		Such constancy of both the types and the quantities of histones found within repressed and active chromatin is similar to the constancy of the types and the quantities of histones found previously within animal cells varying widely in their tissue of origin (65), age (70), rate of RNA synthesis (70), or neoplastic character (71, 72).
		Thermal hyperchromicity studies reveal that much of the DNA within active chromatin is in the single-stranded state (52, 73), and the resistance of active chromatin to the inhibitory effects of acridine orange, an inhibitor which intercalates preferentially between the bases of double-stranded DNA (87, 88), also supports this interpretation.
	www.euchromatin.org /chromatin10.htm (8855 words)

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