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Topic: Chrominance format

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Chrominance

Luminance

Broadcast television system

Advanced Audio Coding

PAL

Television

Federal Communications Commission

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	SGI TPL (IRIX 5.3: Developer/Ind2Vid_PG - Glossary)
		Setup is typically used in the NTSC video format and is typically not used in the PAL video format; it was originally introduced to simplify the design of early television receivers, which had trouble distinguishing between video fl levels and horizontal blanking.
		A color space (color component encoding format) used in decoding, in which Y is the luminance signal and I and Q are the chrominance signals.
		The two chrominance signals I and Q (in-phase and quadrature, respectively) are two-phase amplitude-modulated; the I component modulates the subcarrier at an angle of 0 degrees and the Q component modulates it at 90 degrees.
	techpubs.sgi.com /library/tpl/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi/0530/bks/SGI_Developer/books/Ind2Vid_PG/sgi_html/go01.html (5300 words)

	Chroma subsampling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Formats such as HDCAM SR can record 4:4:4 R'G'B' over dual-link HD-SDI.
		Most digital video formats corresponding to PAL use 4:2:0 chroma subsampling, with the exception of DVCPRO25 (it uses 4:1:1 chroma subsampling).
		In video engineering practice, the terms chroma, chrominance, and saturation are often (and perhaps ambiguously!) used to refer to the same concept.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chrominance_format (1217 words)

	[2.0] JPEG Image Compression (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chrominance actually amounts to two values, one that describes the "hue", or specific color within a linear range of colors, and the other that describes the "saturation", or intensity of the color.
		By the way, although chrominance is specified by two values, the actual values used aren't precisely the hue and the saturation.
		The only differences are that chrominance data may be decimated, as discussed earlier, and the chrominance values may have their own Q-tables.
	www.vectorsite.net /ttdcmp2.html (6290 words)

	COLOR INFORMATION TRANSLATING SYSTEMS (US3872498)
		A color encoding format is disclosed wherein a chrominance signal in the form of a modulated subcarrier is buried in the midband of a wider band luminance signal.
		The chrominance signal is complementarily comb filtered to confine it to components falling in the vacated troughs of the luminance signal frequency spectrum.
		In subsequent processing of the encoded signals, as, for example, in playback of the video disc, the buried subcarrier chrominance signal may be separated from the midband luminance components by comb filtering, with substantial assurance of freedom from all crosstalk between the shared band components (including freedom from crosstalk by "diagonal" components).
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US03872498__ (442 words)

	RFC 4175 (rfc4175) - RTP Payload Format for Uncompressed Video
		Formats for uncompressed standard definition television are defined by ITU Recommendation BT.601 [601] along with bit-serial and parallel interfaces in Recommendation BT.656 [656].
		For interlaced scan SMPTE 274M format video, valid scan line numbers for field one (F=0) are from 21 to 560 and valid scan line numbers for the second field (F=1) are from 584 to 1123.
		If YCbCr format data is being transported, this is the pixel offset of the luminance sample; if RGB format data is being transported, it is the pixel offset of the red sample; if BGR format data is being transported, it is the pixel offset of the blue sample.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc4175.html (4558 words)

	MPEG-2 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Blocks of the luminance and chrominance arrays are organized into "macroblocks", which are the basic unit of coding within a picture.
		The number of 8×8 chrominance blocks per macroblock depends on the chrominance format of the source image.
		For example, in the common 4:2:0 format, there is one chrominance block per macroblock for each of the two chrominance channels, making a total of six blocks per macroblock.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/MPEG-2 (1704 words)

	Denon USA \| Products
		For the technically-minded, chrominance is carried in a 3.58-MHz sideband and is filtered by the television’s notch or comb filter.
		This mode is effective for playing sources recorded in conventional surround formats as well, because the in-phase component is assigned mainly to the center channel (C) and the reversed phase component to the surround (SL, SR and SB) channels.
		With this format, the additional SB channel signals undergo matrix encoding and are input to the SL and SR channels beforehand.
	usa.denon.com /Products.asp (6161 words)

	Transmission of wideband chroma signals - US Patent 6429900
		A video signal having a luminance component and two half-bandwidth chrominance components is converted into two wide bandwidth chrominance components by dropping the luminance component and converting the half-bandwidth chrominance components to wide bandwidth chrominance components.
		The 0:4:4 format is passed by standard 4:2:2 components and then demultiplexed at a receiver to recover the wide bandwidth chrominance components.
		The packing format chosen for the present embodiment has the advantage that the data stream may be monitored (with reduced resolution) with some standard 4:2:2 transmission equipment.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6429900-description.html (950 words)

	[No title]
		Size of the chrominance files depends on the chroma_format used by the sequence.
		The chrominance components have half resolution in horizontal direction (4:2:2) and are aligned with the even luminance samples.
		('a' denotes the top field, 'b' the bottom field,.* is the suffix appropriate for the output format) upper.m2v is the name of the upper layer bitstream of an SNR scalable stream or a data partioning scalable bitstream (input.m2v is the lower layer).
	tns-www.lcs.mit.edu /manuals/mpeg2/mpeg2decode.txt (821 words)

	Lexique des termes du Home Cinema
		CINEMASCOPE : Format cinéma de ratio 2.55 projeté à 2.35...
		COAXIALE NUMÉRIQUE : Connexion numérique par câble au format...
		MULTICANAUX : Désigne l'ensemble des formats sonores contenant...
	www.le-home-cinema.com /lexique.php (700 words)

	Betacam PALsite: The Betacam Format
		The small format Betacam tapes are identical in size to Betamax tapes can be used in Betamax machines but it is at this point that the similarity ends.
		The format was designed for professional use and so advanced features such as Time Code and full editing functionality were built into the system from the start.
		Digital Betacam, is a full 4:2:2 digital variant of the format which uses DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) to achieve the 2:1 compression.
	betacam.palsite.com /format.html (616 words)

	Learn more about MPEG-2 in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The video image is separated into one luminance (Y) and two chrominance channels (also called color difference signals U and V).
		The number of 8x8 chrominance blocks per macroblock depends on the chrominance format of the source image.
		For example, in the common 4:2:0 format, there is one chrominance block per macroblock for each of the channels, making a total of six blocks per macroblock.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /m/mp/mpeg_2.html (1133 words)

	Meeting Room Project at NIST : Pilot Corpus : Source Data
		Chrominance channels are each subsampled half in horizontal and vertical directions.
		Two audio channels are added to help with understanding the data: the left channel is a gain-normalized mix of all the head microphones and the right channel is a gain-normalized mix of all the distant microphones.
		These samples are encoded for playback using the MPEG-4 format for the video and MPEG-1 Layer 3 (MP3) format for the audio.
	www.nist.gov /speech/test_beds/mr_proj/meeting_corpus_1/data.html (266 words)

	RFC 2190 (rfc2190) - RTP Payload Format for H.263 Video Streams
		Abstract This document specifies the payload format for encapsulating an H.263 bitstream in the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP).
		Some frame level information is included in each packet, such as source format and flags for optional features to assist the decoder in operating correctly and efficiently in presence of packet loss.
		Three formats (mode A, mode B and mode C) are defined for H.263 payload header.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2190.html (3649 words)

	[No title]
		The packet format is optimized for real-time video streams where codec parameters change rarely from frame to frame.
		Compressed data is represented in one of three formats: the interchange format, the abbreviated format, or the table- specification format.
		The interchange format contains definitions for all the tables used by the entropy-coded segments, while the abbreviated format might omit some assuming they were defined out- of-band or by a "previous" image.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc2435.txt (3936 words)

	Video Glossary
		The higher the chrominance level, the stronger the colour (e.g., a strong signal produces red, and a weak signal, pink).
		Though the DV format employs a form of video compression (applied in real-time as you record with your camera), it's still memory intensive.
		The type-2 file format requires a small amount of additional processing to split and multiplex the DV stream during the functions of capture and transmit to IEEE 1394 DV devices.
	www.belarbi.net /Video-Glossary.html (3032 words)

	Multiple HDTV format digital signal converter for converting an HDTV format to a format recordable on a digital video ...
		Based on the input HDTV format type and the H-DRIVE and V-DRIVE synchronization signals, clock and control circuit 230 outputs read, write and timing signals to conversion memory 240, thus instructing conversion memory 240 to convert the HDTV input format to a format suitable for recording on digital video recorder 150.
		Likewise, memories 433 and 434 are connected to the output of R-Y chrominance analog digital converter 425 and memories 435 and 436 are connected to the output of luminance analog to digital converter 426 under read/write control 403 by controller 230.
		The number of samples (bytes) 710 of a proposed format chrominance (R-Y) line or (B-Y) line placed on a DVTR line thus equals 1/2 N.sub.c because the chrominance component is split in half by multiplexers 440 and 540 for the chrominance lines.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5493413.html (9523 words)

	Imaging and Sensing Technology Nuclear System (IST)
		The amount of light (specified in Lux) entering a lens, at a specified aperture (f-number), that is required to produced a specified video output level (typically 50%).
		The luminance and chrominance signals are recorded and played back using the two wire Y/C procedure, thus avoiding the degradation experienced when encoding and decoding composite video signals.
		Timing pulses that are generated by a camera to identify when a field (complete TV picture) or a line (a single line of a picture) is about to start.
	www.istcorp.com /glossary.html (1693 words)

	[No title]
		The pixel unpack storage operation treats a 422 pixel as a 2 element format where the first element is C (chrominance) and the second element is L (luminance).
		The pixel pack storage operation converts RGB to a 422 pixel defined as a 2 element format where the first element stored is C (chrominance) and the second element stored is L (luminance).
		For 422_EXT, RGB is converted to a 422 pixel defined as a 2 element format where the first element stored is C (chrominance) and the second element stored is L (luminance).
	oss.sgi.com /projects/ogl-sample/registry/EXT/422_pixels.txt (587 words)

	efg's YUV Lab Reports
		Chrominance is the amount of brightness that is perceived by the human eye.
		One common YUV format is the planar format, where each component is stored as a separate array, with the final image formed by fusing the three separate planes.
		One common YUV format group is called the packed formats group where Y, U and V samples are packed together into macropixels, which are stored in a single array.
	homepages.borland.com /efg2lab/Graphics/Colors/YUV.htm (2647 words)

	Analog vs Digital
		Some people assume that a digital format such as Mini DV is better than an analog format such as Betacam SP simply because it's digital.
		This means that the chrominance (color) bandwidth is sampled at 1/4 of the luminance (brightness) bandwidth.
		Betacam SP and other high end formats use the 4:2:2 environment, where the chrominance is sampled at 6.75, twice the rate of the 4:1:1 format, providing higher quality and more professional images.
	www.bvatv.com /analogvsdigital.htm (410 words)

	Digital Moving-Picture Exchange (DPX), Version 2.0
		File format for the exchange of resolution-independent, pixel-based (bitmapped) images, intended for very high quality moving image content for theatrical distribution; DPX masters provide the input for film recording (digital images back to film for projection) or D-Cinema digital projection systems.
		Typically a middle-state format for material exchange, "post-production" in movie industry parlance, or archiving; in some circumstances may be a initial state format, i.e., "production," when digital cameras are employed.
		Some of the drawbacks of the format, such as the absence of a standardized approach for managing accompanying sound, and limits on bit depth (see section on clarity below), may lead potential users to consider alternate formats, e.g., MXF.
	www.digitalpreservation.gov /formats/fdd/fdd000178.shtml (815 words)

	[No title]
		However, for undecoded formats, the developer must indicate the number of bytes required to carry a frame of n samples, since it depends on the compression ratio of the stream.
		It is strictly forbidden to change the audio sample format between the mixer and the output (because all transformations happen in the input pipeline), except for i_format.
		For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
	developers.videolan.org /vlc/vlc/doc/developer/manual.txt (15592 words)

	[No title]
		Abstract This document specifies the RTP payload format for encapsulating H.263 bitstreams in the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP).
		This document is intended to serve as the payload format specification for H.263 video streams.
		Three formats (Mode A, Mode B and Mode C) are defined for RTP H.263 payload header.
	www.cs.columbia.edu /~hgs/rtp/drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-payload-01.txt (3459 words)

	Audiotek Press: Notes About The SVHS Video Format
		It achieves this by widening the separation between the modulation frequencies used for the chrominance and luminance present on the tape, and by increasing the bandwidth allocated to luminance by 60%.
		While not strictly necessary in the SVHS format, being a high end consumer format focused on delivering high quality, the linear audio track is also retained.
		Chrominance horizontal resolution is unchanged between VHS and SVHS at 40 lines.
	audiotek.kaserver5.org /Press/SVHS.html (1702 words)

	[No title]
		Introduction [Note to RFC Editor: All references to RFC XXXX are to be replaced with the RFC number of this memo, when published] This memo defines a scheme to packetize uncompressed, studio-quality, video streams for transport using RTP [RTP].
		This payload format requires that applications using such synchronized ancillary data SHOULD deliver it in separate RTP sessions which operate concurrently with the video session.
		This payload format may also be used in networks which provide quality of service guarantees.
	www.east.isi.edu /~ladan/publications/uncomp-video.txt (4712 words)

	winlibre_soc:image_manipulation_tools [WinLibre Wiki] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The image is first converted to an YRGB format – a format very similar to YUV, and the filter only affects the Y channel.
		Then the lookup table is blured several times, to reduce the clipping artifacts, and finally the table is applyed to the Y channel as a transformation function.
		Since the human eye is less sensitive to Chrominance, there is no need for smart filtering, the averaging with a small radius is effective enough.
	winlibre.com /wiki/doku.php?id=winlibre_soc:image_manipulation_tools (2719 words)

	Video Glossary
		Bumping up to a higher format allows footage to be preserved on a more stable tape format and makes it possible to edit in a higher-end editing environment.
		SMPTE time code format that skips (drops) two frames per minute except on the tenth minute, so that the time code stays coincident with real time.
		Separates chrominance and luminance information to a produce a sharper picture than regular VHS videotape.
	ourworld.cs.com /mohrproductions/glossary.htm (2404 words)

	Leader 5851V analogue PAL vectorscope (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The 5851V is designed to measure simultaneously the amplitude and phase of chrominance components contained in a composite video signal.
		To measure phase (i.e., direction with respect to burst signal) and amplitude (i.e., length from center) in vector format, the chrominance components containing color information of the video signal are first demodulated, then displayed on the CRT.
		VITS and VTR can also be displayed in vector format by applying blanking signal output from the waveform monitor to Z INPUT of the vectorscope.
	www.elquip.com /e_5851V.htm (143 words)

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