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Topic: Chromista

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	Systematics of the Chromista
		For instance, it is now known that chlorophyll "c" and a number of other pigments found in the Chromista are not found in any plant group, but occur in a number of photosynthetic chromist taxa.
		The Chromista appear to represent an independent evolutionary line that diverged from the same common ancestor as plants, fungi, and animals.
		The precise relationship of the chromists to the other eukaryotes is not yet known, but they appear to be part of the so-called "crown eukaryotes", which includes not only plants, animals, and fungi, but also Alveolates and posiibly the red algae.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /chromista/chromistasy.html (543 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Protists - Chromista
		Almost all of the species of the Chromista are photosynthetic (except for the water molds) and aquatic, and almost all fall into the general category of algae.
		The various groups of the Chromista vary in shape and size from the single celled diatoms to the sometimes huge brown algae (kelp is a famous example).
		All of the members of the Chromista (except the non-photosynthetic groups) share the possession of the form of chlorophyll known as chorophyll c.
	www.nearctica.com /nathist/protista/chromist.htm (624 words)

	Chromista - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Chromista are a eukaryotic supergroup, which may be treated as a separate kingdom or included among the Protista.
		Thus many biologists have been cautious in accepting the Chromista, and some argue the different groups acquired chloroplasts independently.
		The name Chromista was introduced by Cavalier-Smith in 1981; the earlier names chromophyte and chromobiont correspond to roughly the same group.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Chromista (139 words)

	Heterokont - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He has proposed placing them in a separate kingdom Chromista, together with the haptophytes and cryptomonads.
		This is one of the most common revisions to the five-kingdom system, but has not been generally adopted, partly because some biologists doubt their monophyly.
		A few treat the Chromista as identical in composition with the heterokonts, or list them as a kingdom Stramenopila.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Stramenopiles (597 words)

	Fungi - MSN Encarta
		With advances in biochemical and molecular biology, it is no longer possible to classify fungi as a separate kingdom of life.
		The Chromista kingdom includes fungi that resemble algae that have lost their chloroplasts.
		The phylum of Oomycota is composed of fungi ranging from a single cell to a complex mass of hyphae that are not walled off by septa (non-septate mycelium).
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761551534_2/Fungi.html (1778 words)

	Introduction to the Chromista
		It may seem hard to believe that microscopic diatoms, with their delicate silica skeletons only forty millionths of a meter long, can be related to the giant kelps, which may grow as long as fifty meters, or that either one is related to the downy mildew that nearly destroyed the French wine industry.
		The name Chromista means "colored", and although some chromists, like mildews, are colorless, most are photosynthetic.
		Also, photosynthetic chromists often carry various pigments in addition to chlorophyll, which are not found in plants.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /chromista/chromista.html (388 words)

	Kingdom Chromista
		The diagram also shows that one distinguishing feature of Chromista is that, in spite of the endosymbises that produced the first eukaryotic organisms, chromists have obtained their chloroplast secondarily (as we observed in euglenoids).
		Within Kingdom Chromista are not only the brown algae and the yellow-brown algae, but also the egg fungi and chytrid fungi.
		The members of Chromista have "tinsel type" flagella meaning that the flagellum is "decorated" with brush-like extensions all around the main body of the flagellum.
	plantphys.info /organismal/lechtml/chromista.html (2774 words)

	VectorSection: Chromista Hub
		Chromista is the hub designed to provide access to 2D "designer graphics." The connected formats are well suited for web and print design, including things like icons, diagrams, and artwork, though they may also contain images and text.
		The Chromista hub will enable very lossless exchange of print and web vector graphics, as well as providing a target format for new applications and an easily accessible data structure for simple scripting tasks.
		Furthermore, once it is connected to Rhizopod, it will be possible to use the conversion programs as a print/publication system which is accessible in either batch or interactive environments.
	scratchcomputing.com /projects/vectorsection/chromista.html (1036 words)

	Awards the 2003 International Prize for Biology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Thomas Cavalier-Smith has published many works which organize and systematize the classification of the living world, taking a bold yet detailed approach on the basis of his special expertise in cell biology, electron microscopy, and molecular biology, backed by his knowledge of the latest developments in every field of biological science.
		He proposed classifying as a sixth kingdom, independent of the plants, those algae whose chloroplasts, acquired by "secondary endosymbiosis," possess three or four bounding membranes; this new kingdom is known as the Chromista.
		He later proposed combining the Chromista and the Alveolata, which include dinoflagellates, to form a new category known as chromalveolates.
	www.jsps.go.jp /english/e-biol/20awards.html (1897 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Protozoa (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In some newer schemes, however, most algae are classified in the kingdoms Plantae and Chromista, and in such cases the remaining forms may be classified as a kingdom Protozoa.
		Flowchart to determine if a species is autotroph, heterotroph, or a subtype A heterotroph (Greek heterone = (an)other and trophe = nutrition) is an organism that requires organic substrates to get its carbon for growth and development.
		Typical phyla Chromista Heterokontophyta Haptophyta Cryptophyta (cryptomonads) Alveolata Dinoflagellata Apicomplexa Ciliophora (ciliates) Excavata Euglenozoa Percolozoa Metamonada Rhizaria Radiolaria Foraminifera Cercozoa Archaeplastida (in part) Rhodophyta (red algae) Glaucophyta (basal archaeplastids) Amoebozoa Choanozoa Many others; classification varies Protists (IPA:) are a diverse group of organisms, comprising those eukaryotes that are not animals...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Protozoa (1430 words)

	Palaeos Eukarya: Plantae
		One significant cause of difficulty is the bizarre origin of the chloroplasts of Chromista.
		It appears that, just as some ancestral plant first acquired a chloroplast by failing to digest a cyanobacterium, the ancestral chromist acquired a chloroplast by failing to digest a plant.
		The flagellae bear two rows of "hairs," but are morphologically dissimilar to the mastigonemes of the Alveolata and Chromista.
	www.palaeos.com /Eukarya/Units/Plantae/Plantae.html (1544 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Opisthokont (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Divisions Chytridiomycota Deuteromycota Zygomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Fungus growing on a tree in Borneo A fungus (plural fungi) is a eukaryotic organism that digests its food externally and absorbs the nutrient molecules into its cells.
		Typical phyla Rhodophyta (red algae) Chromista Heterokontophyta (heterokonts) Haptophyta Cryptophyta (cryptomonads) Alveolates Dinoflagellata Apicomplexa Ciliophora (ciliates) Excavates Euglenozoa Percolozoa Metamonada Rhizaria Radiolaria Foraminifera Cercozoa Amoebozoa Choanozoa Many others; classification varies Protists (IPA: [prÉ™ÊŠËŒtÉªst]) are a heterogeneous group of living things, comprising those eukaryotes that are neither animals, plants...
		In phylogenetics, a group is monophyletic (Greek: of one stem) if all organisms in that group are known to have developed from a common ancestral form, and all descendants of that form are included in the group.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Opisthokont (871 words)

	Chromista . Heterokont (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Chromista are a eukaryote eukaryotic supergroup, which may be treated as a separate kingdom biology kingdom or included among the Protista.
		The name Chromista was introduced by Thomas Cavalier-Smith Cavalier-Smith in 1981; the earlier names chromophyte and chromobiont correspond to roughly the same group.
		Many heterokonts are unicellular flagellates, and most others produce flagellate cells at some point in their life-cycle, for instance as gametes or zoospores.
	www.uk.fraquisanto.net /Chromista (426 words)

	Marine Biology Chromista - Phylum Bacillariophyta - Diatoms (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Marine Biology Chromista - Phylum Bacillariophyta - Diatoms
		Diatoms are in the kingdom Chromista and the phylum Bacillariophyta.
		More good sources of diatom information can be found going to fossil records of diatoms and the diatom collection.
	home.earthlink.net /~huskertomkat/dia.html (276 words)

	Fungi Classification Poster Home Page
		In fact, fungi are spread across three Kingdoms: Protoctista, Chromista and Eumycota.
		There are two Divisions of fungi in the Kingdom Chromista, all members of which have cellulose cell walls and are unicellular, or multicellular and filamentous.
		The separation of the two fungal Divisions in this Kingdom is based on the structure of the flagella on the zoospores.
	www.environment.gov.au /biodiversity/abrs/publications/fungi/poster-classification.html (625 words)

	Eukarya
		Algae with uncertain affinities to the Chromista; possess accessory phycoerythrin pigments.
		Algae with uncertain affinities to the Chromista; possess an organelle (the haptonema) that affixes them to their substrate.
		Microsporidians have traditionally been thought to be close to the root of the eukaryote tree, however, new research places them close to the fungi.
	www.steve.gb.com /perl/lesson17/Eukarya.html (1262 words)

	[No title]
		Once referred to as plant-like protists, the algae are a diverse collection of photosynthetic organisms of which some are more closely related to protozoa, others to plants and the remainder forming a newly proposed division called Chromista.
		Pyrenomonas salina and Cryptomonas strain Φ are used in investigating the hypothesis of secondary endosymbiosis; the fusion of two separate eukaryotes to form a new single eukaryote organism.
		Although classified within the Chromista, the cryptomonads may fit outside this group closer to the red algae.
	mark.gisc.kennesaw.edu /4700/notes/ALGAE1a.htm (3259 words)

	FDA/CFSAN: Agency Response Letter: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000137
		is a thraustochytrid and a member of the Chromista kingdom.
		Thraustochytrids are widespread throughout the food chain as well as the marine environment and are consumed by man, primarily through consumption of mussels and clams.
		Two toxic compounds are known to be produced by the Chromista: domoic acid in the genus Pseudonitzschia and prymnesin in the genus Prymnesium spp; neither of these two organisms is closely related to Schizochytrium.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~rdb/opa-g137.html (1512 words)

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