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Topic: Chromium

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	Chromium Homepage
		Chromium is a system for interactive rendering on clusters of graphics workstations.
		Various parallel rendering techniques such as sort-first and sort-last may be implemented with Chromium.
		Chromium runs on Microsoft Windows and several types of Unix such as Linux and IRIX.
	chromium.sourceforge.net (133 words)

	Chromium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chromium salts are used in the tanning of leather.
		During the 1800s chromium was primarily used as a component of paints and in tanning salts but now the primary use in is for metal alloys and is responsible for 85% of the use of chromium.
		Chromium is obtained commercially by heating the ore in the presence of aluminium or silicon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chromium (1192 words)

	Chromium
		Chromium is essential to proper insulin action and increases the body’s sensitivity to insulin.
		Chromium is a key component of glucose tolerance factor (GTF), a substance that works with insulin to facilitate the uptake of glucose (blood sugar) into the cells.
		Chromium deficiency is common in these patients and may contribute to both insulin resistance and elevations in cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
	www.drlera.com /health_beauty/nutrition_information/chromium.htm (701 words)

	Chromium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chromium is an exacting trace mineral that exists in two distinct forms: the trivalent and the hexavalent form.
		The nutritional supplementation of chromium may also be important in reducing the occurrence of certain chronic diseases and conditions, such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and glaucoma.
		Chromium levels in tissues dissipate with age, and this deficiency may be an underlying factor in the development of such diseases as adult-onset diabetes mellitus (type II diabetes).
	www.supplementnews.org /chromium (1184 words)

	Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Chromium
		Chromium is a mineral that humans require in trace amounts, although its mechanisms of action in the body and the amounts needed for optimal health are not well defined.
		Chromium is known to enhance the action of insulin [1-3], a hormone critical to the metabolism and storage of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in the body [4].
		The uptake and excretion of chromium by the elderly.
	ods.od.nih.gov /factsheets/chromium.asp (3262 words)

	Chromium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chromium is used to harden steel, to manufacture stainless steel, and to form many useful alloys.
		All compounds of chromium are colored; the most important are the chromates of sodium and potassium and the dichromates and the potassium and ammonium chrome alums.
		Chromium compounds are used in the textile industry as mordants, and by the aircraft and other industries for anodizing aluminum.
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/chromium.html (213 words)

	Chromium
		Chromium supplements are often sold for weight loss, particularly for obese people who may be in danger of developing diabetes.
		One large clinical trial conducted in China found that chromium was helpful for those with diabetes—but the Chinese, including those with diabetes, are less likely to be obese than Americans, and their chromium levels were not evaluated at the start of the study.
		In fact, the chromium picolinate reacts with vitamin C and other antioxidants in the cells to produce a "reduced" form of chromium capable of causing mutations in DNA, the genetic material.
	www.berkeleywellness.com /html/ds/dsChromium.php (1482 words)

	Chromium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chromium is used as an alloying and plating element on metal and plastic substrates for corrosion resistance in chromium-containing and stainless steels, and in protective coatings for automotive and equipment accessories.
		Chromium phosphate is slightly soluble in cold water, soluble in acids and alkalies, and insoluble in acetic acid.
		Hexavalent chromium compounds are corrosive and cause chronic ulceration and perforation of the nasal septum.
	www.nsc.org /ehc/chemical/chromium.htm (1646 words)

	ENIVA: Chromium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chromium is a trace element essential to the metabolism of lipids, glucose, and insulin.
		Chromium is a potent metabolic hormone that aids in the breakdown and distribution of protein and carbohydrates so the body can use those fuels efficiently.
		Minerals for Life Chromium is pure chromium in an ionic/ water-soluble form that is absorbable at the cellular level and is not a picolinate.
	www.eniva.com /products/mfl_chromium.html (668 words)

	EPA Ground Water & Drinking Water > breadcrumb? > Consumer Factsheet on: CHROMIUM
		The greatest use of chromium is in metal alloys such as stainless steel; protective coatings on metal; magnetic tapes; and pigments for paints, cement, paper, rubber, composition floor covering and other materials.
		Though chromium occurs in nature mostly as chrome iron ore and is widely found in soils and plants, it is rare in natural waters.
		The two largest sources of chromium emission in the atmosphere are from the chemical manufacturing industry and combustion of natural gas, oil, and coal.
	www.epa.gov /OGWDW/dwh/c-ioc/chromium.html (922 words)

	CHROMIUM
		Chromium Picolinate has not been shown to cause weight loss and its ability to improve insulin effectiveness is being questioned.
		Apparent chromium deficiency that was associated with glucose intolerance and peripheral neuropathy occurred in four patients receiving long-term TPN.
		Trivalent chromium may cause skin irritation at high doses given parenterally but is not toxic at the lower doses given orally.
	www.biophysica.com /chromium.htm (1326 words)

	Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University
		Chromium (VI) is derived from chromium (III) by heating at alkaline pH and is used as a source of chromium for industrial purposes.
		Because the chromium nutritional status of the Chinese participants was not evaluated, and the prevalence of obesity was much lower than is typically associated with type 2 diabetics in the U.S., extrapolation of these results to a U.S. population is difficult.
		Although the requirement for chromium is not known to be higher for older adults, one study found that chromium concentrations in hair, sweat, and urine decreased with age (28).
	lpi.oregonstate.edu /infocenter/minerals/chromium (2677 words)

	Chromium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chromium, Cr, is a transition metal element, found in Group VIa of the periodic table.
		Chromium is made commercially by the Thermite Process, where Chromic Oxide is reduced by the stoichiometric amount of Silicon and Quick Lime in an electric arc furnace.
		Chromium is detected by the deep blue colouration imparted to ethereal solution over an aqueous test solution containing the substance under test with hydrogen peroxide which has been acidified with sulphuric acid.
	www.ucc.ie /ucc/depts/chem/dolchem/html/elem/elem024.html (287 words)

	Chromium Compounds \| Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web site \| US EPA
		Chromium compounds, in either the chromium (III) or chromium (VI) forms, are used for chrome plating, the manufacture of dyes and pigments, leather and wood preservation, and treatment of cooling tower water.
		Chromium occurs in the environment predominantly in one of two valence states: trivalent chromium (Cr III), which occurs naturally and is an essential nutrient, and hexavalent chromium (Cr VI), which, along with the less common metallic chromium (Cr 0), is most commonly produced by industrial processes.
		Chromium compounds are stable in the trivalent state, with the hexavalent form being the second most stable state.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/chromium.html (2214 words)

	chromium
		Chromium and its compounds are used in metal alloys such as stainless steel; protective coatings on metal; magnetic tapes; and pigments for paints, cement, paper, rubber, composition floor covering and other materials.
		Chromium aerosols caused irritation to the upper respiratory tract.
		Chromium is associated with particulate matter in the air, and is not expected to exist in gaseous form.Chromium (Cr) is most highly concn in the smallest particles collected from ambient air.
	www.speclab.com /elements/chromium.htm (1756 words)

	Chromium - Ask the Dietitian
		Methods to assess chromium amounts in the body are lacking, but chromium is stored in hair and blood (serum).
		Although claims of weight loss, lowered cholesterol and reversal of diabetes are unfounded, researchers have shown that chromium supplements damaged cell chromosomes which are the blueprints for a cell's function and reproduction.
		Chromium is involved in the production of insulin and the release of glucose's energy from cells.
	www.dietitian.com /chromium.html (883 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Chromium
		Chromium is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, animals, plants, soil, and in volcanic dust and gases.
		Chromium is present in the environment in several different forms.
		Chromium can strongly attach to soil and only a small amount can dissolve in water and move deeper in the soil to underground water.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts7.html (853 words)

	Chromium
		Despite the popularity of chromium for weight loss and even though some studies suggest that chromium may improve lean body mass (namely, muscle) and reduce body fat, its effects are small compared to those of exercise and a well-balanced diet.
		Dietary chromium, which is considered safe, is often confused with an unsafe industrial form of chromium (hexavalent chromium or chromium VI) that is readily absorbed by the lungs, digestive tract, mucous membranes, and skin.
		Chromium VI is a toxic industrial compound that is primarily encountered through occupational exposure by either direct contact or through inhalation of dust or aerosols.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/ConsSupplements/Chromiumcs.html (1618 words)

	CHROMIUM
		Chromium (Cr) is an essential trace mineral nutrient required for normal sugar and fat metabolism.
		Chromium occurs primarily in the trivalent and hexavalent forms; the form in higher organisms is trivalent.
		Chromium increased the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor leading to enhanced insulin sensitivity.
	www.tjclark.com /minerals/chromium.htm (459 words)

	Chromium Supplement Profile (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chromium picolinate is marketed as a supplement that reduces body fat, increases lean muscle, and improves insulin sensitivity, and is the second most popular dietary supplement after calcium (1).
		A human study on chromium nicotinate as a preventative measure for insulin resistance in a healthy population found that it lowered immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in subjects that had high levels of it, although there were no changes in fasting glucose or lipids (3).
		Chromium picolinate is also the most toxic form, although chromium nicotinate may have toxicity as well (see below), which may make an inorganic form the best choice for the average individual (6), while chromium nicotinate may be recommended given a specific condition.
	www.1fast400.com /?ingredients_id=10 (960 words)

	ICDA (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chromium is useful in engineering applications where temperatures are high, i.e., in post-combustion gas processing and in selected engine parts.
		Chromium metal is a major source of chromium for nonferrous alloys that exclude iron, such as certain superalloys.
		Some examples of 0 valence, chromium(0), metallic chromium are chromium metal, chromium ferroalloys like ferrochromium and ferrochromium-silicon, and chromium in ferrous and nonferrous alloys such as stainless steel, and nickel and cobalt alloys.
	www.chromium-asoc.com /chromium/thcrfl.htm (2716 words)

	Chromium : by Ray Sahelian, M.D., chromium benefits chromium research
		In 1959, trivalent chromium was identified as the active component of the "glucose tolerance factor," which alleviated the impaired glucose tolerance in rats fed diets inadequate in chromium.
		Chromium is better measured in toenail clippings because this provides a better indication of levels on a long-term basis compared with measurement of blood levels.
		Chromium deficiency leads to blood sugar problems that cannot be controlled with insulin, but the association of chromium intake with heart-related outcomes is largely unknown.
	www.raysahelian.com /chromium.html (4114 words)

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