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Topic: Chromium deficiency

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	Chromium
		Chromium is essential to proper insulin action and increases the body’s sensitivity to insulin.
		Chromium is a key component of glucose tolerance factor (GTF), a substance that works with insulin to facilitate the uptake of glucose (blood sugar) into the cells.
		Chromium deficiency is common in these patients and may contribute to both insulin resistance and elevations in cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
	www.drlera.com /health_beauty/nutrition_information/chromium.htm (701 words)

	Chromium - Supplements
		Chromium forms part of a compound in the body known as glucose tolerance factor (GTF), which is involved in regulating the actions of insulin in maintaining blood sugar levels and, possibly, in helping to control appetite.
		Chromium is notorious for its poor absorption by the body, so many supplements are typically combined with another, more efficiently absorbed compound such as a vitamin (like niacin in polynicotinate versions) or an amino acid derivative (like picolinic acid, a derivative of tryptophan, in picolinate versions).
		Chromium deficiency is not unknown in the United States and is thought to contribute to insulin resistance in many people.
	www.supplementwatch.com /supatoz/supplement.asp?supplementId=84 (1174 words)

	Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University
		Chromium (VI) is derived from chromium (III) by heating at alkaline pH and is used as a source of chromium for industrial purposes.
		Chromium deficiency was reported in three patients on long-term intravenous feeding who did not receive supplemental chromium in their intravenous solutions.
		Although the requirement for chromium is not known to be higher for older adults, one study found that chromium concentrations in hair, sweat, and urine decreased with age (28).
	lpi.oregonstate.edu /infocenter/minerals/chromium/index.html (2677 words)

	: : SNAC : :
		Chromium is an essential mineral found in concentrations of 20 parts of chromium per 1 billion parts of blood.
		Chromium stimulates the activity of enzymes involved in the metabolism of glucose for energy and the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol.
		A chromium deficiency may be a factor that will upset the function of insulin and result in depressed growth rates and severe glucose intolerance in diabetics.
	www.snac.com /res_chromium.htm (538 words)

	Chromium deficiency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chromium deficiency is a disorder that results from an insufficient dietary intake of chromium.
		Trivalent chromium (Cr(III), or Cr) is is discussed to be required in trace amounts for sugar metabolism in humans.
		Chromium picolinate is the most commonly used synthetic supplement to correct imbalances in glucose metabolism due to chromium deficency.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chromium_deficiency (207 words)

	Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Chromium
		Chromium is known to enhance the action of insulin [1-3], a hormone critical to the metabolism and storage of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in the body [4].
		Chromium chloride in particular appears to have poor bioavailability [36].
		The uptake and excretion of chromium by the elderly.
	ods.od.nih.gov /factsheets/chromium.asp (3262 words)

	Chromium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chromium is an exacting trace mineral that exists in two distinct forms: the trivalent and the hexavalent form.
		The nutritional supplementation of chromium may also be important in reducing the occurrence of certain chronic diseases and conditions, such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and glaucoma.
		Chromium levels in tissues dissipate with age, and this deficiency may be an underlying factor in the development of such diseases as adult-onset diabetes mellitus (type II diabetes).
	www.supplementnews.org /chromium (1184 words)

	Chromium
		Chromium supplements are often sold for weight loss, particularly for obese people who may be in danger of developing diabetes.
		One large clinical trial conducted in China found that chromium was helpful for those with diabetes—but the Chinese, including those with diabetes, are less likely to be obese than Americans, and their chromium levels were not evaluated at the start of the study.
		In fact, the chromium picolinate reacts with vitamin C and other antioxidants in the cells to produce a "reduced" form of chromium capable of causing mutations in DNA, the genetic material.
	www.berkeleywellness.com /html/ds/dsChromium.php (1482 words)

	Chromium - Diet Index - dietlist.net
		Chromium is a mineral that humans require in trace amounts, although its mechanisms of action in the body and the amounts needed for optimal health are not well defined.
		Chromium is known to enhance the action of insulin, a hormone critical to the metabolism and storage of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in the body.
		In the 1960s, chromium was found to correct glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in deficient animals, two indicators that the body is failing to properly control blood-sugar levels and which are precursors of type 2 diabetes.
	www.dietlist.net /chromium.html (1661 words)

	Chromium
		Chromium is a metal with atomic number 24 and an atomic mass of 52 daltons.
		The activation by chromium of insulin receptor kinase activity and the inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine phosphatase would lead to increased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, which is associated with increased insulin sensitivity.
		Chromium is distributed to various tissues of the body but appears to have a preference for bone, spleen, liver and kidney.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/chr_0073.shtml (2478 words)

	Chromium
		Chromium is bound to transferrin and transported to the liver.
		Deficiencies cause impaired growth, elevated blood cholesterol and triglycerides, fatty deposits in the arteries, decreased sperm count, infertility, and a reduction in lifespan.
		Deficiencies can be found in those on longterm parenteral nutrition and in those whose diets are high in fiber and phytates and low in chromium.
	www.innvista.com /health/nutrition/minerals/chromium.htm (643 words)

	\| Chromium, Benefits and Dangers of Chromium Picolinate, Chroma Crystal-lean, Hexavalent Chromium \| Wellfx.com Infobase ...
		Chromium may potentiate insulin action through direct action on insulin or its receptor, or it may regulate the synthesis of a molecule that potentiates insulin action.
		Chromium may alleviate chronic headaches and contribute to the treatment of acne, which appears to be caused in part by disturbed insulin metabolism.
		Deficiency: Symptoms of chromium deficiency include glucose intolerance, elevated circulating insulin, glycosuria, fasting hyperglycemia, impaired growth, decreased longevity, elevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides, increased incidence of aortic plaques, peripheral neuropathy, brain disorders, decreased fertility and sperm count, negative nitrogen balance, and decreased respiratory quotient.
	www.wellfx.com /InfoBase/chromium.html (1030 words)

	Chromium in Adult Diabeties and Cardiovascular Disease
		Chromium deficiency can take ten to forty years to manifest itself as glucose intolerance, resulting frequently in Type II diabetes and subsequent cardiovascular disorders.
		Although chromium deficiency can take 10 to 40 years to manifest itself as glucose intolerance, the condition can be reversed very quickly when adequate chromium is added to the diet.
		Experiments in rats show that chromium deficiency is associated with higher prevalence of aortic plaques, whereas a life-time administration of this metal in trace amounts prevents the formation of atheromatous lesions, decreases the serum cholesterol level, and prolongs the life-span of these animals.
	www.nutrition4health.org /NOHAnews/NNF92Chromium.htm (2268 words)

	Comprehensive Nutrient Review: Chromium Overview
		Thus, chromium is an essential trace mineral that has been found to assist in glucose metabolism, regulation of insulin levels, and maintenance of healthy blood levels of cholesterol and other lipids.
		Because chromium is poorly absorbed, many supplements are typically combined with another, more efficiently absorbed compound such as a vitamin (like niacin in polynicotinate versions) or an amino acid derivative (like picolinic acid, a derivative of tryptophan, in picolinate versions).
		We know that chromium deficiency results in insulin resistance that can be easily corrected by supplements and it is estimated that 90% of Americans consume less than the recommended amount of chromium each day.
	www.lef.org /abstracts/codex/chromium_index.htm (646 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Chromium in diet
		Chromium is an essential mineral that is not made by the body and must be obtained from the diet.
		Chromium is important in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.
		Chromium stimulates fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, which are important for brain function and other body processes.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/002418.htm (404 words)

	Chromium Report
		Chromium is an element (Cr) that is commonly found in soil in most regions of the world.
		Dietary chromium deficiency is perhaps the most significant trace mineral deficiency among the general populations in the industrialized nations, and in regions (such as parts of Asia) with naturally chromium-deficient soil.
		Although a chromium deficiency may be a causal agent in triggering diabetes, researchers do not represent that chromium deficiency is the underlying cause; therefore chromium supplements are not able to cure diabetes.
	www.primev.com /Chromium.htm (1922 words)

	Chromium (EHC 61, 1988)
		Chromium deficiency has been demonstrated in malnourished children, in two patients on total parenteral nutrition, and in middle-aged subjects, the basic disturbance being an impairment of the action of circulating insulin.
		A gradual reduction of hexavalent chromium to the trivalent state is demonstrated by the colour change of the conventional chromate cleaning solution in the laboratory from bright orange to green, in the presence of organic matter.
		Hambidge (1971) compared the chromium concentration in the hair of 15 newborn babies and that of their mothers: in only one case was the chromium level in the mother's hair higher than that in the newborn baby.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc61.htm (16047 words)

	The Chromium File - Issue N°6 - September 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		While the toxic effects of chromium are limited to a small percentage of the population primarily exposed to chromium in occupational settings, the effects of marginal chromium nutrition appear widespread and may affect a large percentage of the general population.
		Chromium was shown to be an essential nutrient more than three decades ago when it was shown that rats fed a Torula yeast-based diet developed impaired glucose tolerance that was reversed by an insulin potentiating factor whose active component was shown to be trivalent Cr
		Chromium does not appear to be reabsorbed by the kidney and is lost in the urine.
	www.chromium-asoc.com /publications/crfile6sep99.htm (3070 words)

	Chromium for Weight Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		However, assessing chromium deficiency is difficult since normal blood levels are of such a low concentration that they can escape detection by even the most sensitive instruments.
		Chromium, usually in a form called chromium picolinate, has been studied for its potential role in altering body composition.
		Chromium picolinate can be altered by antioxidants or hydrogen peroxide in the body to a form that could itself create free radical damage.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Benefits_Weight/Chromium.htm (1017 words)

	Chromium picolinate linked with reduced carbohydrate cravings in people with atypical depression
		The study, "A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Exploratory Trial of Chromium Picolinate in Atypical Depression: Effect of Carbohydrate Craving" was an 8 week, multi-center trial of 113 randomized adult outpatients with atypical depression.
		Chromium picolinate was well tolerated throughout the study and treatment-associated adverse events were minimal and not statistically or clinically different from those seen in the placebo group.
		When chromium is bound to picolinic acid to create chromium picolinate, absorption in the body is significantly improved.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-09/mba-cpl092805.php (707 words)

	Chromium Benefits & Chromium Deficiency Symptoms
		Chromium deficiency is a major factor in the development of heart disease (heart attacks and hardening of the arteries).
		Chromium is stored principally in the kidneys, spleen and testes with trace amounts found in the heart, lungs, pancreas and brain.
		When the body is deficient in chromium, twice the amount of time is needed for insulin to remove glucose from the blood.
	www.healthcatchers.com /chromium.html (225 words)

	The Analyst - Internet Health Report: Condition: Chromium Deficiency
		Impaired chromium utilization may be a cause of gestational diabetes.
		By impairing pancreatic insulin production, chromium deficiency may increase the tendency towards hyperglycemia in gestational diabetes.
		Chromium: Chromium is a mineral that becomes a part of the glucose tolerance factor (GTF).
	www.digitalnaturopath.com /cond/C594849.html (363 words)

	CHROMIUM DEFICIENCY - buying chromium, chromium depression, chelavite chromium, chromium glycinate
		At first, this chromium deficiency study was widely criticized because the chromium picolinate levels were far higher than one would get with normal supplementation.
		It chromium deficiency has also been suggested that chromium picolinate can increase fat loss, promote weight loss, and create gains in lean muscle tissue.
		Chromium is a mineral that works with insulin in assisting cells to take in glucose and release energy from those cells.
	vsezadralo.bravehost.com /chromium/chromium_deficiency.html (783 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chromium is an essential mineral that we all need -- in trace amounts -- to help maintain normal blood sugar, insulin and cholesterol levels.
		Based on a study of chromium levels of 684 men who had previously had a myocardial infarction, it was found that low levels of chromium were linked to an increased risk of heart attack.
		Chromium is the active component of glucose tolerance factor (GTF), which, primarily, increases the action of insulin.
	www.sixwise.com /newsletters/06/01/25/chromium.htm (696 words)

	Chromium Supplements (Systemic) - MayoClinic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chromium supplements are used to prevent or treat chromium deficiency.
		For patients who are unable to get enough chromium in their regular diet or who have a need for more chromium, chromium supplements may be necessary.
		Chromium is found in various foods, including brewer's yeast, calf liver, American cheese, and wheat germ.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/drug-information/DR202614 (1064 words)

	CHROMIUM - Reduces insulin resistance.
		After these cases of chromium deficiency and its serious consequences were reported, medical and nutrition experts agreed that chromium was an essential nutrient for humans and advised health professionals administering TPN about the danger of omitting chromium from the solutions.
		Since chromium supplementation has been associated with decreased insulin levels, it is tempting to speculate that it is through this effect (that is, decreasing insulin resistance with the attendant drop in circulating insulin) that chromium works in altering body composition.
		The first few decades of chromium research was complicated by contamination of the food or tissues being examined by significant amounts of chromium from the environment (the use of stainless steel laboratory equipment, for example).
	www.luminet.net /~wenonah/hydro/crbacker.htm (3369 words)

	Chromium(III) picolinate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chromium picolinate is a bright red solid that is the chromium (III) salt of picolinic acid.
		Numerous commercial organizations promote chromium picolinate as an aid to body development for athletes and as a means of losing weight.
		Claims have been made that the picolinate form of chromium supplementation is of benefit in reducing insulin resistance, particularly in diabetics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chromium_picolinate (338 words)

	Chromium for Sports & Fitness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chromium, primarily in a form called chromium picolinate, has been studied for its potential role in altering body composition.
		A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study of the effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on body composition: a replication and extension of a previous study.
		Vincent J. The potential value and toxicity of chromium picolinate as a nutritional supplement, weight loss agent and muscle development agent.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Benefits_Sports/Chromium.htm (893 words)

	Nutrient Deficiency Chromium
		Evidence of Efficacy: statement to the effect of Chromium deficiency or imbalance plays a role in the symptoms of mood disorders.
		McLeod MN, Gaynes BN, Golden RN.; Chromium potentiation of antidepressant pharmacotherapy for dysthymic disorder in 5 patients.
		Are deficiencies in vitamins and minerals tied to mental illness?
	www.truehope.com /_research/Chromium.asp (107 words)

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