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Topic: Chromosome 19 (human)

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	Chromosome 19: Human Genome Landmarks Poster
		These regions reflect the unique patterns of light and dark bands seen on human chromosomes that have been stained to allow viewing through a light microscope.
		Chromosomal regions that vary in staining intensity and are sometimes called heterochromatin (meaning "different color").
		(e.g., on chromosome 21) denote variable regions, called stalks, that connect a very small chromosome arm (a "satellite") to the chromosome.
	www.ornl.gov /sci/techresources/Human_Genome/posters/chromosome/chromo19.shtml (348 words)

	Chromosome 19 (human) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chromosome 19 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
		Chromosome 19 spans more than 63 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 2 and 2.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.
		"The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chromosome_19_(human) (213 words)

	JGI - Human Chromosome 19
		The finished sequence of human chromosome 19, the most gene dense of all human chromosomes, has been released by JGI and its collaborators.
		Calculating that they successfully sequenced 99.9% of the euchromatin of chromosome 19, the researchers estimated the total size of the chromosome to be 63.8 Mb.
		Chromosome 19 also harbors at least one gene that participates in a multiple-gene disease trait (neurturin, which encodes the ligand of a tyrosine kinase receptor; a mutation in this gene causes Hirschsprung's disease only if the receptor gene is also affected).
	www.jgi.doe.gov /science/highlights/chr19.html (660 words)

	JGI - Why Sequence Human Chromosome 19?
		The Human Genome Project was begun to determine the complete sequence of the 3 billion bases of the human genome, identify all the genes, and make them accessible for further biological study.
		Chromosome 19 has the highest gene density of all human chromosomes, more than double the genome-wide average.
		Embedded in the chromosome's sequence are critical regulatory networks of genes tasked with controlling such functions as repairing DNA damage caused by exposure to radiation and to other environmental pollutants.
	www.jgi.doe.gov /sequencing/why/humanchr19.html (250 words)

	Human :: Mammal : Gourt
		Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for "wise man" or "knowing man") under the family Hominidae (the great apes).
		Humans create complex social structures composed of co-operating and competing groups, ranging in scale from nations to individual families, and social interaction between humans has established a variety of traditions, rituals, ethics, values, social norms, and laws which form the basis of human society.
		Humans are also noted for their desire to understand and influence the world around them, seeking to explain and manipulate natural phenomena through science, religion, philosophy and mythology.
	science.gourt.com /Biology/Genetics/Eukaryotic/Animal/Mammal/Human.html (936 words)

	Gene-rich human chromosome 19 sequence completed
		The sequencing of human chromosome 19 has been completed by the United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI) and Stanford University.
		Chromosome 19, at 55.8 million bases or letters of genetic code, although representing only about 2 per cent of the human genome, features nearly 1500 genes.
		Grimwood J, et al (2004) The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.
	genome.wellcome.ac.uk /doc_WTD020719.html (273 words)

	Genome Biology \| Full text \| Human chromosome 19 homologies.
		Human chromosome 19 and related regions in mouse: conservative and lineage-specific evolution.
		Human chromosome 19 (HSA19) is one of the smallest human chromosomes, with a size of about 65 to 70 megabases (Mb), and contains about 1,100 genes.
		The differences between human and mouse chromosomes in the syntenic regions were due mainly to insertions of SINEs (repeated 'junk' DNA elements).
	genomebiology.com /2001/2/10/reports/0033 (752 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| A high-resolution radiation hybrid map of chicken chromosome 5 and comparison with human ...
		Having identified QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) for fatness on chicken chromosome 5 [12], our objective was to build a high-resolution and gene-rich RH map for this chromosome, as a basis for high precision comparative mapping with human and for the development of new polymorphic markers.
		This result can have two origins: first, the kb/cR ratio is not constant from one chromosome to another, regardless of their physical length [18,19,14]; second, the previous calculations were based on physical length values estimated from cytogenetic studies: 21 Mb for GGA15 [20] and 41 Mb for GGA7 [21].
		As indicated earlier [13,22-28], conserved synteny was observed between this chicken chromosome and portions of human chromosomes 11, 14 and 15.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2164/5/66 (3849 words)

	Biosciences - Comparative Genomics of Human Chromosome 19
		We are using comparative sequence analysis, computational prediction and manual curation of transcribed sequences, and experimental approaches to characterize gene expression and regulation of genes distributed throughout the length of human chromosome 19 (HSA19).
		Human tissue microarray hybridized with probes corresponding the two uncharacterized and neighboring human chromosome 19 genes.
		The sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.
	www.llnl.gov /bio/groups/comparative_genomics/ch19.html (936 words)

	Human Chromosome 19 and Related Regions in Mouse: Conservative and Lineage-Specific Evolution -- Dehal et al. 293 ...
		Human Chromosome 19 and Related Regions in Mouse: Conservative and Lineage-Specific Evolution -- Dehal et al.
		Between the two human chromosome maps are figures that show the order of related genes, with names above each map, in mouse BAC clones located at the ends of homology segment VIII (Mmu10; red line) and VIII (Mmu17, blue line), respectively.
		Mouse clone maps are arranged to illustrate homologies to the two human chromosomes.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/293/5527/104/DC1 (995 words)

	Human Genetics Chromosome Results :: Human Genetics Chromosome Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		There are 44 autism's and 2 sex chromosomes in the human genome, for a total of 46.
		Use of 3' untranslated sequences of human Cardenas for rapid chromosome assignment and conversion to St's implications for an expression map of the genome.
		Human molecular genetics human molecular genetics human molecular genetics concentrates on full length research papers covering a wide range of topics in all aspects of human molecular genetics.
	www.geneticlabresearch.com /human-genetics-chromosome.html (960 words)

	Pufferfish DNA yields clues to human biology
		Through comparison of the human and pufferfish genomes, the researchers were able to predict the existence of nearly 1,000 previously unidentified human genes.
		Rokhsar noted that nearly three-fourths of the genes in the human genome have identifiable counterparts in fugu, highlighting the shared anatomy and physiology common to all vertebrates.
		For the Human Genome Project, JGI sequenced human chromosomes 5, 16, and 19, which together constitute 11 percent of the human genome.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/JGI-Osolin-Pufferfish-DNA.html (966 words)

	Gene-rich human Chromosome 19 sequence completed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Chromosome 19, at 55.8 million bases or letters of genetic code, although representing only about 2% of the human genome, features nearly 1,500 genes.
		In 1999, the sequencing and finishing projects were transferred to the JGI and the Stanford Human Genome Center, respectively.
		The quality of the finished chromosome 19 sequence far exceeds the 1 in 10,000 base pair error rate set by the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, with the error rate estimated to be much less than 1 in 100,000 base pairs.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=242 (1033 words)

	HUMAN CHROMOSOME #19 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Localization of the human bona fide calmodulin genes CALM1, CALM2, and CLAM 3 to chromosomes 14q24-q31, 2p21.1-p21.3, and 19q13.2-q13.3.
		Chromosomal localization of glutamate receptor genes: Relationship to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurological disorders of mice and humans.
		Linkage mapping of the human thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R) to chromosome 19p13.3 using transcrbed 3' untranslated DNA sequence polymorphisms.
	www.il-st-acad-sci.org /genecats/hsa19.html (480 words)

	Differences in the Localization and Morphology of Chromosomes in the Human Nucleus -- Croft et al. 145 (6): 1119 -- The ...
		19 in the nucleus is reflected in the orientation of translocation
		Replicon clusters are stable units of chromosome structure: evidence that nuclear organization contributes to the efficient activation and propagation of S phase in human cells.
		The inactive X chromosome in female mammals is distinguished by a lack of histone H4 acetylation, a cytogenetic marker for gene expression.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/145/6/1119 (8568 words)

	Human Genome Project
		Detailed analysis of chromosomes 2 and 4 detects the largest 'gene deserts' known in the human genome and uncovers more evidence that human chromosome 2 arose from the fusion of two ancestral ape chromosomes.
		With the launch of the Human Genome Project, the press argued over whether the human genome would be a 'holy grail of biology' or 'a splendid piece of symbolism and a scientific disaster'.
		When Celera announced that it planned to sequence the human genome, the race between the public and private efforts was on (in the media's eyes at least).
	genome.wellcome.ac.uk /node30075.html (803 words)

	Imprinted gene found on human chromosome 19
		For imprinted genes, the gene copy that is turned on depends only on whether it came from the mother or father, rather than on the classic laws of Mendelian genetics, where genes are either dominant or recessive.
		Imprinted genes usually occur in clusters, so the researchers are now looking for other imprinted genes in the region of chromosome 19 near PEG3, said Duke's Susan Murphy, lead author of the study, which was funded by the National Institutes of Health.
		In addition to being the first evidence of imprinting on chromosome 19, the PEG3 findings indicate the possibility that the similarities between the human and mouse versions of the gene might extend to behavior changes caused by loss of the gene's function in mice, the researchers said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2000-12/DUMC-Igfo-3012100.php (630 words)

	Chromosome 19 - References - Genetics Home Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		These sources were used to develop the Genetics Home Reference chromosome summary on chromosome 19.
		Gilbert F. Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome.
		The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.
	ghr.nlm.nih.gov /chromosome=19/show/References (62 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Researchers at the Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute recently completed sequencing human chromosome 19, the most gene-rich of all the human chromosomes.
		Chromosome 19, at 55.8 million bases or letters of genetic code, although representing only about 2 percent of the human genome, features nearly 1,500 genes.
		Also, new insights are being gleaned about other gene families implicated in detoxifying and excreting chemicals foreign to the body.
	www.lanl.gov /orgs/pa/newsbulletin/2004/04/23/includes/text07.inc (192 words)

	Completion of the most gene-rich of all the human chromosomes
		The United States Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI) and Stanford University report today the completion of the sequencing of human chromosome 19, the most gene-rich of all the human chromosomes.
		Chromosome 19, at 55.8 million bases or letters of genetic code, although representing only about 2 percent of the human genome, features nearly 1,500 genes.
		SHGC, originally funded as a pilot sequencing center for the human genome project, is currently involved in a variety of scientific research programs, including large-scale genomic finishing, human disease linkage studies, vertebrate diversity, and the elucidation of functional sequence elements in the human genome.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=1296 (1239 words)

	Closing the Gaps on Human Chromosome 19 Revealed Genes With a High Density of Repetitive Tandemly Arrayed Elements -- ...
		Chromosome 19 is among the smallest and gene-dense human chromosomes,
		of chromosome 19 and map to one of the gap flanking clones.
		Sequence of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes 2, 10, 11, and 14.
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/14/2/239 (4800 words)

	ExPASy - UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot documentation
		Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
		Human chromosome 2: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
		Human chromosome 19: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
	www.expasy.org /sprot/sp-docu.html (638 words)

	Human to Mouse Homology Region Map, Chromosome 19
		Human to Mouse Homology Region Map, Chromosome 19
		Gene order has been changed from that shown in the chromosome committee reports or online databases, as required by high-resolution human physical mapping data; these data also indicate a probable difference between human and mouse organization, e.g.
		The asterisk character ('') is used to indicate a different region of homology on the same mouse chromosome*.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /Omim/Homology/human19.html (298 words)

	Chromosome 19
		While there are many different conditions that can be caused by any chromosomal disorder, including many different conditions that chromosome 19 can cause, I will be concentrating mainly on Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome.
		CNS is a genetic mutation of the 19th chromosome.
		Congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type maps to the long arm of chromosome 19.
	www.angelfire.com /tx/babyguardianangels/Chromosome/19.html (2833 words)

	Human
		The Human Genome Project (HGP), an international research effort to determine the complete genetic blueprint of a human being, was completed in April of 2003.
		With funding from the Department of Energy, the Stanford Human Genome Center was responsible for finishing human chromosomes 5, 16 and 19, in total almost 11% of the human genome.
		A minimal tiling set of finished large insert clones was then assembled producing the complete sequence of the 3 chromosomes.
	www-shgc.stanford.edu /finishing/human.html (159 words)

	Human Chromosome 9
		The human chromosome 9 is approximately 145 Megabases in length.
		Our aim is to map and sequence this entire chromosome in collaboration with the chromosome 9 community.
		The Chromosome 9 ACEDB database (9ace) is used as a tool for managing the in-house data and acts as the primary means by which chromosome 9 data generated at The Sanger Institute will be released into the public domain in an annotated and usable form.
	www.sanger.ac.uk /HGP/Chr9 (432 words)

	JGI H. sapiens Chromosome 19 (Build 34) Home
		Nearly one quarter of the genes belong to large tandemly arranged gene families that cover more than 25% of the total chromosome size.
		The evolutionary landscape is extremely diverse and reveals a chromosome composed of regions of large blocks of 1:1 gene orthology with rodents, scattered regions with more recent gene family expansions/deletions, and segments of both coding and non-coding conservation with the distant fish species Takifugu.
		Publication: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.
	genome.jgi-psf.org /Chr19ncbi34/Chr19ncbi34.home.html (151 words)

	LLNL Human Genome Center
		This chromosome is GC-rich (and thus, potentially gene-rich) and contains a large number of clustered gene families, several of which are targets for genomic sequencing.
		Sequence analysis of a variety of regions from chromosome 19 indicate that it is indeed gene-rich, even in regions expected to be gene-poor due to a paucity of genetic markers.
		In addition to genomic sequence, over 50 complementary DNA clones (cDNAs) from genes on human chromosome 19 were fully sequenced and submitted to public sequence databases.
	bbrp.llnl.gov /bbrp/genome/genome.html (321 words)

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