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Topic: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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COPD

Pulmology

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Heart disease

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Osteoporosis

Cirrhosis

Diabetes mellitus

Chronic bronchitis

Atherosclerosis

Pulmonary hypertension

Residual volume

Alzheimers disease

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	COPD - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - symptoms, causes, and treatment options by MedicineNet.com
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is comprised primarily of two related diseases - chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
		In both diseases, there is chronic obstruction of the flow of air through the airways and out of the lungs, and the obstruction generally is permanent and progressive over time.
		Asthma also is a pulmonary disease in which there is obstruction to the flow of air out of the lungs, but unlike chronic bronchitis and emphysema, the obstruction in asthma usually is reversible.
	www.medicinenet.com /chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_copd/article.htm (801 words)

	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Diagnostic Considerations - February 15, 2006 -- American Family Physician
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by the gradual progression of irreversible airflow obstruction and increased inflammation in the airways and lung parenchyma that is generally distinguishable from the inflammation caused by asthma.
		COPD: epidemiology, prevalence, morbidity and mortality, and disease heterogeneity.
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-part 2: pathology and biochemistry of emphysema.
	www.aafp.org /afp/20060215/669.html (3461 words)

	CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves a process characterized by nonspecific changes in the lung parenchyma and bronchitis that can lead to emphysema and airflow obstruction.
		COPD is thought to result from direct interaction of lung tissue with environmental agents, of which tobacco smoke is the most significant.
		The disease burden of diabetes and its complications is large, costly, disproportionately affects minority populations and older age groups and is likely to increase as minority populations grow and the total population becomes older.
	www.dph.state.ct.us /OPPE/sha99/chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_di.htm (2224 words)

	eMedicine - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease : Article by Sat Sharma
		COPD is defined as a disease state characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis or emphysema.
		Chronic bronchitis is defined clinically as the presence of a chronic productive cough for 3 months during each of 2 consecutive years (other causes of cough being excluded).
		Chronic obstructive lung disease is a disorder in which subsets of patients may have dominant features of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic373.htm (9601 words)

	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Fact Sheet - American Lung Association site
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a term referring to two lung diseases, chronic bronchitis and emphysema, that are characterized by obstruction to airflow that interferes with normal breathing. Both of these conditions frequently co-exist, hence physicians prefer the term COPD.
		COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in America, claiming the lives of 122,283 Americans in 2003 and the number of women dying from the disease has surpassed the number seen in men.
		Chronic bronchitis doesn't strike suddenly and is often neglected by individuals until it is in an advanced state, because people mistakenly believe that the disease is not life-threatening.
	www.lungusa.org /site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=35020 (2006 words)

	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also called chronic obstructive lung disease, is a term that is used for two closely related diseases of the respiratory system: chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
		In chronic bronchitis, there may also be narrowing of the large and small airways, making it more difficult to move air in and out of the lungs.
		COPD is the fifth leading cause of death in the U.S. Symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
	www.healthscout.com /ency/407/540/main.html (1032 words)

	Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
		Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
		Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combines a number of different therapies to help reduce your symptoms, improve quality of life, and encourage your active participation in your treatment.
		Pulmonary rehabilitation programs vary in their scope, duration, and whether they are conducted in an inpatient or outpatient setting.
	www.webmd.com /hw/lung_disease/hw257776.asp (1271 words)

	NGC - NGC Summary
		COPD is a disease characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis or emphysema; the airflow obstruction is generally progressive, may be accompanied by airway hyper-reactivity, and may be partially reversible.
		Chronic bronchitis is defined as the presence of a chronic productive cough for 3 months in each of two successive years in a patient in whom other causes of chronic cough have been excluded.
		Pulmonary rehabilitation, with a multidisciplinary approach including education and exercise training, should be considered for COPD patients who have functional limitations that affect their quality of life, have maximized on standard medical therapy, and are not limited by other serious or unstable medical conditions.
	www.guideline.gov /summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=8509 (7940 words)

	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - pulmonologychannel
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is characterized by abnormalities in the lungs that make it difficult to exhale normally.
		Emphysema and chronic bronchitis cause excessive inflammatory processes that eventually lead to abnormalities in lung structure that permanently obstruct airflow (hence the term "chronic obstructive").
		COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States.
	www.pulmonologychannel.com /copd (709 words)

	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
		COPD may also lead to a lung infection such as pneumonia, depression, weight loss, and a heart problem called cor pulmonale.
		COPD develops over many years (sometimes 10 to 30 years) and is most common in people over the age of 60.
		COPD symptoms depend on whether your disease is mainly chronic bronchitis or mainly emphysema.
	www.everettclinic.com /kbase/topic/special/hw32559/sec1.htm (864 words)

	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
		This is an abnormal, permanent enlargement of the air spaces inside the lungs, which occurs because the disease destroys the walls of the tiny air sacs.
		Breathlessness during exercise or exertion usually doesn't become bad enough to see to a doctor until the COPD patient is in his or her 50s or mid-60s.
		These help people with severe COPD deal with the physical limitations brought by the disease while improving their independence, quality of life, ability to exercise and they help avoid days in the hospital.
	www.csmc.edu /5889.html (968 words)

	CIGNA - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
		COPD is often a mix of two diseases, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
		A COPD exacerbation is a rapid, sometimes sudden, and prolonged worsening of symptoms (cough, amount of mucus, and/or shortness of breath).
		Medication for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is used to reduce shortness of breath, control any coughing and wheezing, and to prevent and reduce a rapid, sometimes sudden, and prolonged worsening of cough, amount of mucus, and/or shortness of breath (COPD exacerbation).
	www.cigna.com /healthinfo/hw32559.html (7382 words)

	COPD - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term for a group of respiratory tract diseases that are characterized by airflow obstruction or limitation.
		COPD is also characterized by exacerbations which typically present with a rapid progression of the chronic symptoms.
		With this condition there may be air-trapping as documented by an increased residual volume (the amount of air left in the lungs after a full breath out), or hyperinflation as documented by an increased total lung capacity (the amount of air in the lungs after a full inhalation).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease (1459 words)

	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease \| Health Library \| Walgreens
		Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), also known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by a limitation of the airflow in the lung, which develops over time and is not totally reversible.
		The hallmark symptoms of chronic obstructive lung disease are progressive shortness of breath, frequently accompanied by a phlegm-producing cough, with episodes of wheezing.
		Chronic bronchitis itself is associated with a 50% higher risk of death from coronary artery disease, even after considering the effects of smoking.
	www.walgreens.com /library/contents.jsp?doctype=10&docid=000070 (13230 words)

	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Online References For Health Concerns
		However, because COPD is an inflammatory disease in which sufferers are subjected to high levels of oxidative stress, high doses of antioxidants and natural anti-inflammatories may be able to slow the disease’s progression and reduce the amount of prescription medication needed.
		COPD is a variable condition, with some patients having more symptoms of emphysema, such as breathlessness and “air hunger,” while others manifest more symptoms of chronic bronchitis or asthma, such as wheezing and air trapping (Kasper DL et al 2005).
		COPD should be considered in any individual with a chronic cough, sputum production, shortness of breath, or risk factors such as tobacco use, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, or occupational exposure to dust and chemicals.
	www.lef.org /protocols/respiratory/copd_01.htm (3557 words)

	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
		INTRODUCTION — COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a condition in which there is limited airflow during expiration (exhaling, or breathing out) that is not fully reversible and usually worsens over time.
		Chronic bronchitis exists when chronic expiratory airflow obstruction is associated with a chronic cough for three months in each of two successive years.
		Sudden-onset complications — Patients with COPD are frequently hospitalized for sudden onset (acute) worsening of their symptoms, commonly as a result of respiratory infections, air pollution, or hot weather.
	www.uptodate.com /patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=lung_dis/5561 (1790 words)

	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although chronic bronchitis and emphysema are distinct conditions, smokers and former smokers often have aspects of both.
		Malnutrition is common in people with COPD and may further compromise lung function and the overall health of those with this disease.
		Magnesium sulfate in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Concern/COPD.htm (1644 words)

	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Merck Manual Home Edition
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is persistent obstruction of the airways occurring with emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or both disorders.
		COPD is more often fatal in whites than in nonwhites and in blue-collar workers than in white-collar workers.
		COPD leads to chronic airflow obstruction, which is defined as a persistent decrease in the rate of airflow from the lungs when the person breathes out (exhales).
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html (3190 words)

	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
		COPD was the first respiratory disease to be thoroughly studied with health-related quality of life instruments, and the effect of COPD on the lives of individuals has been well characterized.
		Attitudes of 100 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to artificial ventilation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
		Reduction of hospital utilization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a disease-specific self-management intervention.
	www.atsqol.org /sections/specific-diseases/copd.html (5645 words)

	eMedicine - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Emphysema : Article by Paul Kleinschmidt
		COPD is a mixture of 3 separate disease processes that together form the complete clinical and pathophysiological picture.
		Progression of COPD is characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory mucous exudates in the lumens of small airways and the thickening of their walls.
		In contrast to emphysema, chronic bronchitis is associated with a relatively undamaged pulmonary capillary bed.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic99.htm (6501 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
		COPD; Chronic obstructive airway disease; Chronic obstructive lung disease; Emphysema; Chronic bronchitis
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe.
		During a flare of the disease, the muscles between the ribs contract while the person is breathing in (intercostal retraction) and the person will use other muscles to breathe.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000091.htm (646 words)

	COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
		COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a serious lung disease that, over time, makes it hard to breathe.
		The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has developed a national campaign—Learn More Breathe Better —to increase awareness and understanding of COPD and its risk factors and to underscore the benefits of early detection and treatment in slowing the disease and improving the quality of life.
		If you have COPD or think you may be at risk, you can take steps to make breathing easier and live a longer and more active life.
	www.nhlbi.nih.gov /health/public/lung/copd (229 words)

	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) -- Overview
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of long-term (chronic) lung diseases that makes it hard to breathe.
		Although COPD can be managed, it cannot be cured at this time.
		COPD is often a mix of two diseases, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
	www.webmd.com /hw/lung_disease/hw32561.asp (164 words)

	InteliHealth:
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to a group of disorders that damage the lungs and make breathing increasingly more difficult over time.
		The two most common forms of COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
		Chronic bronchitis also makes you prone to frequent respiratory infections and to potentially life-threatening flare-ups of severe breathing difficulties that often require hospitalization.
	www.intelihealth.com /IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/20740.html (1754 words)

	Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
		We report the second update of a meta-analysis of respiratory rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
		The widespread application of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should be preceded by demonstrable improvements in function attributable to the programs.
		In four important domains of QoL (Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire scores for Dyspnea, Fatigue, Emotional function and Mastery), the effect was larger than the minimal clinically important difference of 0.5 units (for example: Dyspnoea score: WMD 1.0 units; 95% confidence interval: 0.8 to 1.3 units; n = 12 trials).
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab003793.html (469 words)

	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) -- familydoctor.org
		Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (also called COPD) is a chronic lung disease that includes two main illnesses: chronic bronchitis and emphysema (say: "em-fa-see-ma").
		The most common signs of COPD are chronic coughing and shortness of breath.
		COPD: Management of Acute Exacerbations and Chronic Stable Disease by MH Hunter, MD; DE King, MD (American Family Physician August 15, 2001, http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010815/603.html)
	familydoctor.org /706.xml (698 words)

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