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Topic: Chronic renal failure

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Acute renal failure

Renal failure

Nephrology

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Hematuria

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Congestive heart failure

Chronic disease

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	Chronic renal failure
		Chronic renal failure is a gradual and progressive loss of the ability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes.
		Chronic renal failure usually occurs over a number of years as the internal structures of the kidney are slowly damaged.
		Chronic renal failure and ESRD affect more than 2 out of 1,000 people in the U.S. Diabetes and hypertension (high blood pressure) are the two most common causes and account for approximately two-thirds of the cases of chronic renal failure and ESRD.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/000471.htm (426 words)

	Chronic renal failure, VM 552 SAM Urogenital System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Chronic renal failure is defined as primary kidney disease that has persisted for months to years and is characterized by a progressive destruction of nephrons.
		Often the renal biopsy of patients with CRF discloses nonspecific changes that are called end stage renal disease (ESRD) which is advanced, generalized, progressive irreversible renal disease with no inciting cause evident or chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN) which likewise indicates irreversibility and unknown cause.
		Specific therapy of causative disorders may slow or stop the development of renal lesions including correction of hypercalcemia causing hypercalcemic nephropathy, antibiotics to eliminate bacterial infection, antifungals to eliminate mycotic infections, removal of obstructions (e.g., uroliths or neoplasms), or correction of abnormal renal perfusion that caused ischemia.
	courses.vetmed.wsu.edu /vm552/urogenital/crf.htm (4111 words)

	Chronic Renal Failure
		Chronic renal failure is a condition in which kidney function gradually declines, until the kidneys are unable to filter wastes from the body, maintain the proper balance of water and chemicals such as sodium and potassium in the bloodstream, or produce urine.
		Because chronic renal failure progresses gradually, symptoms may be so mild that the patient doesn’t recognize that he or she has a serious health problem.
		If you are at risk for chronic renal failure because of kidney disease or other conditions that can affect the kidneys, it is important to follow your doctor’s recommendations for treatment and prevention of kidney complications.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /healthinfo/c/chronicrenalfailure.htm (698 words)

	Chronic renal failure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chronic renal failure (CRF, or "chronic kidney failure", CKF, or "chronic kidney disease", CKD) is a slowly progressive loss of renal function over a period of months or years and defined as an abnormally low glomerular filtration rate, which is usually determined indirectly by the creatinine level in blood serum.
		CRF patients suffer from accelerated atherosclerosis and have higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, with a poorer prognosis.
		The prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease is guarded as epidemiological data has shown that all cause mortality (the overall death rate) increases as kidney function decreases.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chronic_renal_failure (1131 words)

	The District of Columbia Academy of Veterinary Medicine
		It is usually not necessary to demonstrate biosynthetic failure to confirm the diagnosis of primary renal failure, but clinical evidence of biosynthetic failure is useful in confirming the diagnosis of CRF because the chronic absence of these hormones is necessary to produce clinical effects.
		Hypokalemia is a relatively frequent complication of renal failure with a reported incidence of 19% in one clinical study of feline renal failure.
		Although affected by the patient's age, species, specific renal diagnosis, and concurrent diseases, the severity and progression of the anemia correlates with the degree of renal failure and worsens with progressive renal failure in both dogs and cats.
	www.dcavm.org /00jan2.htm (9264 words)

	Renal failure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Renal failure is the condition in which the kidneys fail to function properly.
		Physiologically, renal failure is described as a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate.
		End-stage renal failure (ESRF) is the ultimate consequence, in which case dialysis is generally required until a donor for a renal transplant is found.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Renal_failure (362 words)

	Chronic Renal Failure
		The kidney is bean-shaped, with 2 main regions: the renal cortex (outer section) and the renal medulla (inner section).
		When renal failure is severe, and about 90% of renal function is lost, a patient requires a form of renal replacement therapy to survive: a renal transplant or dialysis.
		A renal transplant is the surgical placement of a kidney from a kidney donor into a patient with kidney failure.
	www.venofer.com /VenoferHCP/Venofer_kidneyFunction.html (1619 words)

	Pets with Diabetes: Chronic Renal Failure and Diabetes
		For most CRF cats at one stage or another, the mainstay of CRF treatment is the administration of subcutaneous fluids which can slow the progression of the disease by helping to keep the cat consistently hydrated.
		Caution, especially in cats with preexisting heart disease, must be used with chronic administration of large amounts of subcutaneous fluids because of the danger of inducing hypertension and/or congestive heart failure.
		In chronic renal failure, erythropoietin is depleted causing anemia as reflected in a low packed cell volume value.
	www.petdiabetes.org /chronic_renal_failure.htm (1725 words)

	Chronic Renal Failure
		Some feline chronic renal disease symptoms to watch for are Excessive urination,loss of appetitite, excessive thirst, nausea, vomiting, constipation, weight loss, muscle wasting, poor hair coat, weakness, depression, detached retinas, amnonia smelling breath, lack of appetite and over all weakness.
		Renal cytology is particularly useful for the diagnosis of inflammation and neoplasia, including abscesses, FIP, mycotic infections, lymphoma, carcinoma, and metastatic neoplasia.
		Fifty cats with naturally occurring stable chronic renal failure (CRF) were entered into a prospective study on the effect of feeding a veterinary diet restricted in phosphorus and protein with or without an intestinal phosphate binding agent on their survival from initial diagnosis.
	www.thensome.com /crf.htm (7027 words)

	Chronic renal failure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Although the metabolic acidosis of CRF is commonly referred to as an anion gap acidosis, this gap does not develop until the serum creatinine concentration approaches 5 to 6 mg/dL.
		Heart failure is common and is due to sodium and water retention, acid-base changes, hypocalcemia and hyperparathyroidism, hypertension, anemia, coronary artery disease, and diastolic dysfunction secondary to increased myocardial fibrosis with oxalate and urate deposition and myocardial calcification.
		Acute-on-chronic renal failure is a common circumstance, and reversible factors should always be sought when a diagnosis of CRF is made or when a patient with CRF shows unexpectedly rapid deterioration in renal function.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/meded/mech/cases/case24/chonicr.htm (2011 words)

	eMedicine - Renal Failure, Chronic and Dialysis Complications : Article by Richard S Krause, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		renal vascular disease, analgesic nephropathy, HIV-related renal disease
		Signs and symptoms of renal failure are due to overt metabolic derangements resulting from inability of failed kidneys to regulate electrolyte, fluid, and acid-base balance; they are also due to accumulation of toxic products of amino acid metabolism in the serum.
		CRF also is encountered in children because of congenital anomalies such as chronic hydronephrosis, which is caused by anatomic defects that obstruct urine flow or allow reflux from the bladder (vesicoureteral reflux).
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic501.htm (5264 words)

	Chronic renal failure
		Unlike acute renal failure with its sudden reversible failure of kidney function, chronic renal failure is slowly progressive.
		Chronic renal failure and end stage renal disease (ESRD) affect more than 2 out of 1000 people in the United States.
		Diabetes and hypertension are the two commonest causes and account for approximately two thirds of the cases of chronic renal failure and ESRD.
	www.wvhc.org /ency/article/000471.htm (348 words)

	eMedicine - Chronic Renal Failure : Article by Mauro Verrelli, MD, FRCPC, FACP
		It is reliable in the diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis, as are CT scan and renal venography.
		Mailloux LU: Hypertension in chronic renal failure and ESRD: prevalence, pathophysiology, and outcomes.
		Webb JA: Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of renal obstruction.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic374.htm (5972 words)

	CRF, Chronic Renal Failure in Cats, Feline CRF, Feline Chronic Renal Failure; Kidney Transplants for Cats, from ...
		CRF is the progressive failure of the kidneys, which leads to toxicity in the body as the kidneys are responsible for filtering out the waste products (or, poisons) in the body, and when the kidney function starts to decline, the levels of toxicity build up in the body.
		CRF is primarily a disease of older cats, and is one of the leading causes of illness and death in older cats.
		The idea behind the treatment options for CRF is to reduce the amount of waste products in the animal as the tiny filters in the kidney, the "nephrons" are no longer performing their filtering task.
	www.hdw-inc.com /healthcrf.htm (1821 words)

	Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) FAQ - Holisticat
		CRF is an umbrella term classifying kidneys problems which eventually result in lost kidney function.
		The term "chronic" is used in CRF because once kidney function is lost (for whatever reason), this will be an ongoing long-term problem for the kitty.
		Do not use Uva Ursi, also known as Bearberry on a cat with CRF because it has a strong astringent effect, and in any case, is only indicated for short-term use, like with a bout of cystitis.
	www.holisticat.com /crf.html (2327 words)

	Bawarchi: Health and Nutrition: Chronic Renal Failure
		Chronic renal failure is the deterioration of kidney function, which progress over a prolonged period towards a fatal termination.
		But in patient with cardiac failure or in later stages when urine out put is reduced for the reason other than dehydration fluid to be restricted.
		In chronic renal failure hyperkalemia (increase potassium) is the rule.
	www.bawarchi.com /health/renal-failure2.html (654 words)

	Feline CRF Information Center - What is CRF?
		Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is a progressive, irreversible deterioration of kidney function.
		CRF is one of the leading causes of illness and death in older cats.
		Cats in renal failure are unable to prevent excessive potassium loss and the body will extract potassium from tissue to maintain blood levels, thereby masking the actual potassium deficiency as measured by a blood test.
	www.felinecrf.com /what0.htm (2359 words)

	Chronic Renal (Kidney) Failure in Dogs - PetPlace.com
		Chronic renal (kidney) failure (CRF) is a common problem in all dog breeds.
		CRF can be a life threatening condition that requires hospitalization and treatment for stabilization in extremely ill pets.
		Chronic renal failure is life-threatening, and if you suspect your pet has this condition, you should see your veterinarian as soon as possible.
	www.petplace.com /dogs/chronic-renal-kidney-failure-in-dogs/page1.aspx (493 words)

	Chronic Renal Failure
		In chronic kidney failure, urine is usually produced in excessive quantities.
		Chronic renal failure is a common disease and there are many pet owners just like you all sharing thoughts, tips, and information over the internet.
		For those with America On-Line subscriptions, there is a weekly feline chronic renal failure chat to which all are welcome.
	www.marvistavet.com /html/body_chronic_renal_failure.html (1669 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Chronic renal failure
		Kidney failure - chronic; Renal failure - chronic; Chronic renal insufficiency; CRF; Chronic kidney failure
		Associated diseases that cause or result from chronic kidney failure must be controlled. High blood pressure, congestive heart failure, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, obstructions of the urinary tract, glomerulonephritis, and other disorders should be treated as appropriate.
		Untreated, it usually progresses to end-stage renal disease.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000471.htm (770 words)

	Chronic renal failure definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Chronic renal failure: Slow progressive loss of kidney function over the span of years, resulting in permanent kidney failure.
		Chronic kidney disease is common and may go undiagnosed until the process is far advanced and renal failure is on the horizon.
		Chronic renal failure is in contrast to acute renal failure.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=30944 (236 words)

	Kidney Problems - Renal Failure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Renal Dysplasia, Renal Hypoplasia and polycystic kidney disease
		Janis- Renal failure is harder to manage in dogs than it is in cats (or at least it is harder to manage with success).
		In most congenital renal failure syndromes the clinical symptoms of congenital renal disease do not usually appear before 4 months of age and may show up later in life, perhaps as late as two or three years of age.
	www.vetinfo.com /drenal.html (8150 words)

	Feline CRF Information Center Reception Desk
		If your cat has been diagnosed with chronic renal failure (kidney failure), we would like to extend our sincere sympathy and express the hope that you will find some helpful information and support in the following pages.
		While feline chronic renal failure is progressive and terminal, with some effort, a lot of love, patience, dedication and an early diagnosis, the condition may be managed effectively for some time.
		Having gone through the experience of caring for a cat with CRF for nearly three years, we wanted to share what we learned with others who are faced with a similar situation.
	www.felinecrf.com (609 words)

	Chronic Renal Failure
		Walking onto the dialysis unit of a hospital was a new and exciting experience for me. My first assignment on the unit was to care for a patient with chronic renal failure.
		Complications include, but are not limited to, hypertension, acid-base imbalance, heart failure, pulmonary edema, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive changes, osteoporosis secondary to the kidneys inability to activate vitamin D, and anemia secondary to decreased erythropoietin production.
		The renal transplant has recently failed and he has had progressive azotemia and renal insufficiency.
	learn.sdstate.edu /craigg/Becker.html (3475 words)

	Chronic Renal Failure
		Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) or Chronic Renal Insufficiency (CRI) is a progressive, irreversible deterioration of kidney function, usually occuring in older cats, that is difficult to detect until the disease has progressed to a state where dramatic symptoms become evident.
		Accurate diagnosis of CRF can only be done through clinical testing, but there are some symptoms that can lead you to suspect CRF and therefore seek a professional diagnosis.
		Common factors contributing to CRF are age, genetics, environment, and disease.
	www.pgaa.com /feline/health/cronicrenalfailure.html (344 words)

	Feline Kidney Disease And Canine Kidney Disease
		The successful management of chronic renal failure requires careful food choices balancing your pet’s appetite and food preferences with a low phosphorous diet.
		Cats and dogs with chronic renal failure and kidney disease often have other concurrent problems that need to be managed such as pancreatitis, high blood pressure and anemia.
		I was diagnosed with chronic renal failure (CRF) about 10 months ago.
	www.askariel.com /pages.asp?pid=chronic_renal_failure (715 words)

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