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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Chronicle of Henry of Livonia
		The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia (Latvian: Indriķa hronika, Latin: Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae, Estonian: Läti Henriku kroonika) is a historic document describing the history of Latvia and Estonia from 1180 to 1227.
		It is unclear whether Henry was from Livonia or Germany but he had a thoroughly German and Catholic education and as a youth was attached to the household of the Prince-Bishop Albert of Buxhoeveden, was ordained a priest in 1208, founded a parish and lived out his life in peace.
		The legate, one of the papacy's most able diplomats, was in Livonia to mediate an internal church dispute between the Christian knightly Order, the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, and the territorial claims of the Catholic bishops of Livonia.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Henry_of_Livonia (677 words)

	Livonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The portion of Livonia remaining in the Commonwealth after the Treaty of Oliva in 1660 was known as Polish Livonia, or Inflanty.
		This division of Livonia was codified in the Treaty of Oliva in 1660.
		Livonia remained within the Russian Empire until the end of World War I, when it was split between the newly independent states of Latvia and Estonia.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/li/Livonia.htm (498 words)

	Champps in Livonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		At the turn of the 20th century, the township of Livonia was largely a rural community populated with farms, dirt roads, champps in livonia and a number of cheese factories.
		Henrys chronicle is the only surviving evidence for many episodes in the early stages of Christendom in the Eastern Baltic.
		Henrys chronicle is the only surviving evidence for many episodes in the Baltic states has finally been reprinted, with additional maps and a number of cheese factories.
	li93.mindwormband.com /champpsinlivonia.html (777 words)

	Livonia New York
		The Village of Livonia is in the Town of Livonia at the intersection of US Route 20 and Route 15.
		Livonia is located at 42°49'12" North, 77°40'5" West (42.820009, -77.668176).
		For other uses see Livonia (disambiguation).'' Livonia (Latvian: ''Livonija''; German: ''Livland''; Polish: ''Inflanty''; Russian: ''Лифляндия'' or ''Liflandiya'') once was the land of the Finnic Livonians, but came in the Middle Ages to designate a much broader territory controlled by the Livonian Order on the eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea in present-day Latvia and Estonia.
	www.breadlike.com /pages7/50/livonia-new-york.html (1595 words)

	Livonia Hotels
		Livonia is a city located in the northwest part of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan.
		Swedish Livonia, which constituted the southern part of Estonia and nortern part of Latvia, represented the conquest of nearly all of what was Polish Livonia and was completed by 1629.
		Even if Livonia and the city of Riga was under Swedish control the territory was not formally ceded until the Treaty of Oliva in 1660, where the minor part retained by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was renamed Inflantia.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/126/livonia-hotels.html (2031 words)

	Livonia - livonia ymca
		Its frontiers are livonia swim teams the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Finland in the north-west, Lake Peipus and Russia to the east, and Lithuania to the south.
		This livonia ymca division of Livonia was codified in the Treaty of Oliva in 1660.
		Livonia remained within the Russian Empire until the end of World War I, when it was split between the newly city of livonia treasurer independent states of Latvia and Estonia.
	www.meteoroloo.com /Met-North-America-L---N/Livonia.html (590 words)

	Livonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Henry of livonia The Chronicle of Henry of livonia ("Henricus Lettus") in four books is the most important first-hand account of the 12th century inspired not only the disastrous Fourth Crusade that for and history war internal chronicle Chronicles the bishops of livonia.
		Henry (1188 -) might have been Livonian himself, but he had a thoroughly German and Catholic education and was attached as a youth to the household of the Prince-Bishop Albert of Buxhoeveden, was ordained a priest in 1208, founded a parish and lived out his life in peace.
		Henry of livonia ("Henricus Lettus") in four books is the only surviving evidence for many episodes in the early stages of Christianizing the peoples of the Sword, and the territorial claims of the Catholic bishops of livonia.
	li93.mindwormband.com /livonia.html (1795 words)

	Characterestics of Warfare in the Times of Henry of Livonia and Balthasar Russow - Andres Kasekamp
		Henry of Livonia was born around 1188 in Saxony.
		Henry writes in Latin and records the establishment of the Livoman church from 1184 to 1227; Russow writes in Low German and records the history of livonia from 1158 with emphasis on the contemporary period, i.e.
		Henry writes, "Estonians were not accustomed to use armor as other nations do."6 Their primary protection was a wooden shield covered with leather.
	www.lituanus.org /1990_1/90_1_02.htm (3706 words)

	Ennen ja nyt - historian tietosanomat
		The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia (Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae), written in about 1224-1227, is the most valuable source of information concerning the crusade to Livonia and Estonia in the early 13th century.
		In regard to these Henry´s chronicle is clearly one-sided, as it focuses on the German mission, the centre of which was in Riga, and aims to describe the Rigan mission as the only legitimate mission in this area.
		The conquest of Livonia and Estonia was part of the spread of Christianity to the North, which had involved the successful missions to the Slavic nations and to the Scandinavian kingdoms.
	www.ennenjanyt.net /4-04/referee/kaljundi.html (4586 words)

	Chronicle of Henry of Livonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia (Latvian: Indri&311;a hronika, Latin: Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae) is a historic document describing the history of Latvia and Estonia from 1180 to 1227.
		Similarily, online material on the Chronicle is rather scarce, though There are some excerpts http://www.ut.ee/klassik/lat/chindex.html and the image of a page from one of the copies can also be viewed http://estonica.org/failid/406/henriku_kroonika_papp.jpg.
		The Author of the chronicles is Henry (Latvian: Indrikis, Latin: Henricus Lettus).
	chronicle-of-henry-of-livonia.iqnaut.net (567 words)

	Livonia
		Livonia (Latvian: Livonija; Estonian: Liivimaa; German: Livland; Swedish: Livland; Polish: Inflanty; Russian: ÐÐ¸ÑÐ»ÑÐ½Ð´Ð¸Ñ or Lifljandija; Lithuanian: Livonija) once was the land of the Finnic Livonians, but came in the Middle Ages to designate a much broader territory controlled by the Livonian Order on the eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea in present-day Latvia and Estonia.
		Beginning in the 12th century Livonia was an area of economic and political expansion by Danes and Germans, particularly by the Hanseatic League and the Cistercian Order.
		Livonia remained within the Russian Empire until the end of World War I, when it was split between the newly independent states of Latvia and Estonia.
	www.lookitup.co.za /wiki/Livonia (607 words)

	Livonia - WikiLeasing.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The conquest of Livonia by the Germans is described in the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle.In 1561 during the Livonian War Livonia fell to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with Russia recognizing Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth control of Livonia only in 1582.
		This division of Livonia was codified in the Treaty of Oliva in 1660.The Russian Empire conquered Swedish Livonia during the course of the Great NNorthern War and acquired the province at the Treaty of Nystad in 1721.
		Livonia remained within the Russian Empire until the end of World War I, when it was split between the bewly independent states of Latvia and Estonia.
	www.wikileasing.com /0/Livonia.html (394 words)

	eagle airways, expo, aeroperlas, air wisconsin, centralwings, union island, nevada, biotin, meridiana, livonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Livonia, especially riga, was at the forefront of the protestant reformation.
		Livonia turned to zygmunt ii august, the king of poland, for aid, and the confederation was dissolved.
		In pindar's ode, the island was said to be born of the union of helios the sun god and the nymph rhode, and the cities were named for their three sons.
	www.expogroup.org /Eagle_airways.html (815 words)

	Chronicle - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The typical examples of a Chronicle include: the chronicle of Jerome, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and the Chinese Annals of Spring and Autumn.
		A dead chronicle is one where the author gathers his list of events up to the time of his writing, but does not record further events as they occur.
		The term often refers to a book written by a chronicler in the Middle Ages describing historical events in a country, or the lives of a nobleman or a clergyman, although it is also applied to a record of public events.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=7507 (244 words)

	Alibris: Livonia
		In four succeeding sections, the fate of the house is chronicled.
		Livonia Preserved: Greenmead and Beyond tells the story of Greenmead and the Livonia Historical Village and other historic resources through photographs and other ephemera.
		At the turn of the 20th century, the township of Livonia was largely a rural community populated with farms, dirt roads, and a number of cheese factories.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Livonia (405 words)

	Upto11.net - Wikipedia Article for Riga
		Bishop Albert was proclaimed Bishop of Livonia by his uncle Hartwig, Archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg in 1199.
		Albert was successful in converting the King of the Livs, Caupo of Turaida, to Christianity, although, as related in the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia ("Hencricus Lettus"), it took him three decades to gain full control of Livonia (German Livland).
		Livonia remained under Swedish control until 1710 during a period in which Riga retained a great deal of self-government autonomy.
	www.upto11.net /generic_wiki.php?q=riga (1764 words)

	Descriptions of warfare in The Rhyme Chronicle of Livonia
		It is the only major source of Baltic history for the years 1225 to 1290, since the only other chronicle, the one by Henry of Livonia, covers the period 1143 to 1225.
		The Rhyme Chronicle also begins its text with the first arrival of German merchants and missionaries in the region around Riga (referred to as Neiflant in the text) in 1143, and continues its story to the subduing and exile of the Semgallian tribe around 1290.
		This text is from The Rhyme Chronicle of Livonia: A Translation, with Introduction, of Major Parts of the Middle High German Lilandische Reimchronik, by Ausma Regina Jaunzemis Mullen (Stanford University, PhD diss., 1974).
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/sources/livonia.htm (8816 words)

	Amazon.com: "Henry of Livonia": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The first is the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia, who was an eyewitness to many of the extraordinary events he describes in his book of 1229.
		The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia (Records of Western Civilization) by Lettus Henricus, James A. Brundage (Introduction, Translator)
		Henry of Livonia thus wrote of the master of the Swordbrethren early in the thirteenth century that he `fought the battles of the...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Henry-of-Livonia (561 words)

	Den jyske Historiker - Nr 89 - Abstract af 5. artikel
		By using Henry of Livonia’s account of the Baltic leader Caupo in his Chronicon Livoniae, the article traces the methodology of forced conversion.
		This complex was termed iura christianitatis in Henry of Livonia’s chronicle.
		The article discusses the actual components of this complex, which involved the desacralization of the pagan Baltic lands and the making of new, Christian, administrative and religious structures through mass baptisms, evangelization and churchbuilding.
	www.denjyskehistoriker.dk /nr89/abstract_5.htm (145 words)

	History 110: Crusades: Bibliography
		Chronicle of the Third Crusade: a translation of the Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta Regis Ricardi.
		[Richard de Devizes; Geoffrey of Vinsauf, et al.] Chronicles of the crusades, being contemporary narratives of the crusade of Richard Coeur de Lion by Richard of Devizes and Geoffrey de Vinsauf; and of the crusade of St. Louis, by Lord John de Joinville.
		'The conquest of Constantinople,' in Chronicles of the Crusades [Joinville and Villehardouin].
	www.brown.edu /Courses/HI0110/bibliography.htm (456 words)

	Chronicle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Generally a chronicle (Latin chronica, from Greek Χρόνος) is historical account of facts and events in chronological order.
		This is in contrast to a narrative or history, which focuses on important events and excludes those the author does not see as important.
		Various fictional stories have also adopted "chronicle" as part of their title, to give an impression of epic proportion to their stories.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chronicle (274 words)

	The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia -- Henricus Lettus James A. Brundage James A Brundage
		The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia -- Henricus Lettus James A. Brundage James A Brundage
		At the time, the region of Livonia (present-day Estonia and Latvia) was a crossroads of Germanic, Scandinavian, and Russian trade, culture, and religion.
		The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia provides insight into not only military operations in the East during this tumultuous period but also the conflicted attitudes of an eyewitness, revealing the complex melding of religious motives with political aims.
	www.frontlist.com /detail/0231128894 (224 words)

	Livonian History
		Livonia, a placename that has existed in Europe for the last eight centuries, today refers to no country and no place.
		Meinhard had the first church built in Livonia, in the town of Üksküla (Latvian Ikskile; modern Livonian Iks kila, meaning „one town“), and in 1186 he was made the first bishop of Livonia.
		As a result, the Russian forces swept through Livonia, and after a final battle in 1560, many towns and fortifications were surrendered to the Russians without a fight.
	homepage.mac.com /uldis/livonia/history.html (9467 words)

	Juhan Kreem
		His thesis treated the Livonian younger Rhyme Chronicle, the main source for the rebellion of the Estonians in 1343.
		For Livonia are especially relevant the contributions by Klaus Neitmann, Manfred Hellmann and Reinhard Vogelsang.
		A Chapter in the history of Livonia in the fourteenth and fifteenth century.] Tallinn, 1991.
	www.ceu.hu /medstud/events/ev004/kreem.htm (1170 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - The Knights of the Hospital of St. Mary: Two Views on the Russian Crusades
		From the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia, written c.
		The repentance of the Order was shown to be pure and righteous, as they drove the scourge of heresy from the lands GOD had appointed onto them before the blade of the sword of justice.
		I had a lot of fun writing the "Henry of Livonia" chronicles, just because I could go completely overboard with biblical references and still be historically accurate (If you've ever read a chronicle from this time period you know what I'm talking about!).
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=92586 (8057 words)

	The Dislocated Tragic Hero in Latvian Drama
		In The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia,5 we read that in the year 1200, Caupo, together with other Livonian elders, has been invited by the German bishop, Albert, to a drinking party during one of the short periods of peace between the Livonians and the German missionary forces.
		His body was burned and the bones were taken away to Livonia and buried at Cubbesele."6.
		Good examples are Agita and Caupo's son who both, through periods of doubt and attempting to understand their husband and father, finally become staunch supporters of the pagan point of view.
	www.lituanus.org /1983_4/83_4_01.htm (3744 words)

	YE OLDE WALLS OF SEPARATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		What is normally meant is that certain elites, in certain of their moods, decide that they are better off, or are forced to consider, getting along without God." Wills comments favorably about the increase in Anglican colleges, clergy and parishes in England in the 19th century, and adds that nonestablished sects were even more vigorous.
		Wills doesn’t mention that as late as the 1840s in England, freethinkers such as Abel Heywood, John Cleave, Henry Hetherington, Edward Moxon, Charles Southwell, George Holyoake, Thomas Paterson and others were prosecuted - and often fined or imprisoned - merely for selling materials that criticized Christianity and/or theism.
		This was only a few years after American patriot Tom Paine’s critique of religion, "The Age of Reason," was banned and burned in England.
	nosha.secularhumanism.net /essays/sierichs10.html (1206 words)

	What is Riga? : Abaara fun facts and uncommon knowledge - Riga
		Bishop Albert (Albert_of_Buxhoeveden), proclaimed as the Bishop of Livonia in 1199 by his uncle Hartwig, Archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg, landed at Riga in 1201 with 23 ships and more than 1500 armed crusaders, making Riga his bishopric.
		Roman Catholicism in Riga and southern Livonia failed as in 1621, Riga came under the rule of Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, who intervened in the Thirty Years' War not only for political and economic gain but also in favor of German Lutheran Protestantism.
		Sweden's northern dominance ended, and Russia's emergence as the strongest Northern power was formalized through the Treaty of Nystad in 1721.
	info.abaara.com /pac/Riga (1585 words)

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