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Topic: Chronology of the Ancient Near East

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	Chronology of the ancient Near East - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The chronology of the ancient Near East deals with the notoriously difficult task of assigning dates to various events, rulers and dynasties of the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC.
		The middle chronology, which was the most commonly used chronology until recently, is 64 years (one period between identical conjunctions of Venus, Sun and Moon) earlier than the short chronology (Hammurabi 1792 BC–1750 BC).
		The chronology of Babylon and Assur can be aligned by the list of wars and treaties between the two cities from the time of king Ashurbanipal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chronology_of_the_Ancient_Near_East (4167 words)

	THE EMBARRASSMENT OF BIBLICAL CHRONOLOGY
		This is where the "rubber meets the road" as far as Biblical chronology is concerned, because the Bible seems to provide a chronology from creation to the cross, but it is not the same as the chronology of the ancient world that is in use today both in secular and in evangelical Christian circles.
		The conventional consensus chronology is a speculative composite of various pieces of data, loosely hinged on a chronology of Egypt compiled by Manetho (flourished 300 BC).
		If we accept the Biblical chronology and enter into the task of rethinking the conventional consensus chronology of the ancient near east, we shall be regarded as foolish and quixotic.
	reformed-theology.org /ice/newslet/bc/bc.98.11.htm (2918 words)

	[No title]
		Around the same time, he writes his Code of Laws containing 282 rules including the principles of "an eye for an eye" and "let the buyer beware." It is one of the first codes of law in world history, predated only by the Laws of Lipit-Ishtar.
		668-627 BCE: The Near East - Ashurbanipal succeeds Sennacherib as ruler of
		486-465 BCE: The Near East - Xerxes I is emperor of the Persian Empire.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/nepage.htm (1552 words)

	Mesopotamian Chronology
		The study of ancient chronology essentially means adding the correct JD-number to the date that is mentioned (or implied) in our sources.
		The chronology of the ancient Near East is no exception, but fortunately, the ancient Babylonians were careful astronomers, who designed an accurate lunar calendar with a regularly inserted intercalary month, which was introduced before 503 BCE.
		The publication of the ultra-low chronology, as recently as 1998,[3] has resulted in a series of vehement polemics, from which ad hominem-arguments are not absent.
	www.livius.org /cg-cm/chronology/mesopotamia.html (1536 words)

	AskWhy! Dating Ancient Near Eastern History III - Jewish Scriptures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It is possible that the standard chronology is wrong, even though no fatal logical contradictions have as yet been found… Synchronisms on which the current chronology rests are few in number and are not without difficulties of interpretation.
		Most regional specialists acknowledge that their local chronology is pretty shaky but assume that Egyptian chronology must be cast in stone, and it is salutary to find that things are not quite what they seem there either.
		Near all my doc are, contrary, authentic documents of different periods and different men who have given their statues to the temple, son after son and so on.
	www.askwhy.co.uk /judaism/0490Dating.html (12664 words)

	Yale Near East Collection: Selected Internet Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Near East-South Asia Center for Strategic Studies - established under the auspices of the Office of the Secretary of Defense.
		Oriental Institute, University of Chicago - for the study of the ancient Near East.
		Ancient Near Eastern Art - from the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
	www.library.yale.edu /Internet/neareastern.html (3406 words)

	Ancient Sumer History in Mesopotamia
		The Sumerians may have migrated from the East -- either ancient India or Iran -- and were unrelated on the basis of their language to the various groups speaking Semitic languages in the Ancient Near East (F).....
		French excavations at Tell Oueili (J.-L. Huot) near Larsa have revealed a predecessor Ubaid 0 occupation which appears to be derived from the Samarran Culture (B 4 5).....
		Ancient historiography ascribed to King UtuKhegal of city-state Uruk (2133-2113) the actual role of liberating Sumer by ousting the Gutian hordes.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Sumer.html (1998 words)

	Mesopotamian Astronomy & Astrology: Astronomical Chronology
		Since the earliest days of Assyriology, the ancient observations of lunar and solar eclipses, planetary configurations and other celestial phenomena reported on cuneiform tablets have been studied and employed for chronological purposes.
		Its significance for chronology was first recognised by Franz Xaver Kugler in 1912, when he could identify the “Year of the Golden Throne” with the 8th regal year of Ammizaduga, the grandson of the Babylonian king Hammurabi.
		Grayson, A.K., “The Chronology of the Reign of Ashurbanipal”;, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, 70 (1980), 226-245.
	www.phys.uu.nl /~vgent/babylon/babybibl_chronology.htm (9276 words)

	Dangerous Archaeology
		The dominant politico-cultural groups of ancient Near Eastern history are the Sumerians, the Babylonians, the Assyrians, the Egyptians, the Hittites, the Persians, the Greeks, and the Romans.
		The archaeologists went to the Near East during this period of political upheaval, ostensibly to collect ancient and mediaeval artifacts, notably those associated with the Old and New Testaments of the Judaic and Christian religious traditions.
		Moreover, he formulated a definition of archaeology as the study of ancient and mediaeval monuments and written sources, to be correlated with the sciences of minerology, physical geography, ethnology, and anthropology, as well as the history of art.
	www.umich.edu /~kelseydb/Exhibits/DangerousArchaeology/PartOne.html (2743 words)

	The Pre-Historic Near East
		To understand current research on the subject of the Ancient Near East I think it is necessary to delve into its historiography or the history of research in the recent past
		The advent of the true Neolithic in the Near East - with agriculture and livestock breeding - can reasonably be dated a little before 8000 calibrated BC; or more correctly between 8300 and 8000 calibrated BC during a phase that is called Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in the Levant (See Radiocarbon)...
		This chronology is for the most part of Levantine origin and should in no way be taken as an absolute for the entire Near East.....
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /PreHistoric_Near_East.html (792 words)

	Dead Sea Scrolls -- Timeline
		Interestingly, refinements in the chronologies improves the ability of chronologists to identify new synchronisms and that in turn allows them to refine their and our understanding of how different languages are used to express the names of known places and individuals.
		This chronology is not original; it is merely the current version of my ongoing attempts to understand the events of the ancient Near East as portrayed by the popular writings of the modern academic authors.
		The whole topic area of the effects of climate on tree ring growth and the inverse problem of estimating climate from ancient tree rings data are widely discussed, as one summary essay suggests.
	www.flash.net /~hoselton/deadsea/timeline.htm (10345 words)

	Ancient Near East
		Elegantly illustrated page in Ancient and Lost Civilizations on the culture, laws and religion of the Mediterranean world's first empire builders.
		Gene Doty's versification of sections of the prose translation of the ancient Altaic epic includes a creation myth, storm god, and the fall of humanity (U of Missouri-Rolla).
		Gateway to the latest news and on-line articles on ancient Egypt's art, history, government, rulers, monuments, religion, science and writing.
	virtualreligion.net /vri/aneast2.html (718 words)

	Mesopotamia, 8000–2000 B.C. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A universally accepted chronology for the entire ancient Near East remains to be established.
		Although it is often possible to locate earlier events quite precisely relative to each other, neither surviving contemporary documents nor scientific dating methods such as carbon 14, dendrochronology, thermoluminescence, and archaeoastronomy are able to provide the required accuracy to fix these events absolutely in time.
		The West Asian portion of the Timeline therefore employs the common practice of using, without prejudice, the so-called Middle Chronology, where events are dated relative to the reign of King Hammurabi of Babylon, which is defined as being ca.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/02/wam/ht02wam.htm (1044 words)

	Abstract
		The chronology of the Ancient Near East during the 2nd Mill.
		In the present paper I will relate primarily to the chronology of the MBII in the Southern Levant, but this is of course inter-related to other regions and periods.
		by the early chronologies, and to the late 18th/early 17th by the later chronologies.
	www.biu.ac.il /JS/le/mb/ABSTRACTS/MAEIR00.htm (2508 words)

	Ancient Near East
		A well-researched neo-pagan guide to the world of the "purple people" who colonized the Mediterranean and influenced the development of Hebrew tradition introduces their cultural history, deities, calendar, magic rituals and provides a translation of the complete Ugaritic text of the myth of Ba'al.
		U of Edinburgh's archive of the library of ancient Ugarit (Lebanon) posts images, transliterations and translations of key texts, including a tablet from the Ba'al cycle (RS 02.008).
		Alexander Kaplunovsky's elegant gateway to e-resources related to Israel's heartland is an indispensable tool for quick access to information on the region's history, geography, cities and villages, and education.
	virtualreligion.net /vri/aneast3.html (746 words)

	Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Mesopotamia
		There are a number of problems in the various proposed chronologies of ancient Mediterranean cultures.
		Ancient and Biblical Chronology and Genealogies [At WOL]
		This is a clear explanation of "Biblical Chronology." It's not scientific, but shows the problem for literalists: the Biblical data seems to put the days of the Biblical patriarchs (none of whom are witnessed outside the Bible) and the exodus, much earlier than most scholar's estimates.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/asbook03.html (1172 words)

	Ancient Near East
		JAMES, E. The Ancient Gods: The History and Diffusion of Religion in the Ancient Near East and the Eastern Mediterranean (Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1960) First Edition 359pp., 85 bandw plates, very slight foxing to fore-edge, VG hardback with dustwrapper.
		MAISELS, C. The Near East: Archaeology in the Cradle of Civilization (Routledge 1993) 241pp., as new.
		VON SODEN, W. The Ancient Orient: An Introduction to the Study of the Ancient Near East (Gracewing 1994) as new, p/b.
	www.museumbooks.demon.co.uk /aneast/a_s.htm (6820 words)

	Amazon.com: Ancient Near Eastern Art: Books: Dominique Collon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East (Cultural Atlas of) by Michael Roaf
		Often described as the cradle of civilization, the ancient Near East was the birthplace of writing, monumental sculpture, and wheel-made pottery.
		Ancient World Art Online — Our ever-changing collection of Egyptian, Greek, Roman and Near Eastern ancient art consists of hundreds of pieces that fit all budgets and bring great pleasure to collectors and investors.
	www.amazon.com /Ancient-Near-Eastern-Dominique-Collon/dp/0520203070 (989 words)

	ANE
		Ancient Near East Myth and History Developed by Gary Greenberg, author of The Moses Mystery: African Origins of the Jewish People.
		Ancient Near East Net A wonderful portal, but in very early stages of development.
		Netherlands Institute for the Near East NINO, in Leiden.
	prophetess.lstc.edu /~rklein/Documents/ane.htm (780 words)

	Ancient Near East Chronology
		The Mitanni invade, introducing horse-drawn chariots to the Near East, and conquering the Hurrians.
		Arameans begin invading the Middle East from Arabia, and their language subsequently becomes the region's primary means of communication.
		Arameans defeat Assyria and raid throughout the Middle East.
	www.gis.net /~pldr/anech.html (426 words)

	Best of History Web Sites: Ancient History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Ancient History Sourcebook also includes links to visual and aural material, as art and archeology play a prominent role in the study of Ancient history.
		Diotima is an interdisciplinary scholarly resource on gender in the ancient Mediterranean world and as a forum for collaboration among instructors who teach courses about women and gender in the ancient world.
		The Oriental Institute Museum is a showcase of the history, art and archaeology of the ancient Near East.
	www.besthistorysites.net /AncientBiblical.shtml (1526 words)

	Stars of Babylon - Sterne von Babylon - Book Review
		Astronomical knowledge will be the key element to understanding the chronology of the ancient Near East and Pharaonic civilization.
		Papke uses new astronomical insights on ancient cultures to show how the epic of Gilgamesh reflects an ancient myth of the stars, based on astronomical observation.
		Papke has thereby also succeeded in unveiling the astronomy which was used by the most ancient known human civilizations.
	www.lexiline.com /lexiline/lexi43.htm (171 words)

	David and Lorraine Cheng Library - History Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The journal is meant to broaden the discourse on aspects of national histories that are undergoing change thanks to the availability of new documentation from recently opened archives.
		ABZU is a project of the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago.
		In addition to the section on the Ancient Near East, also see the sections on Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece.
	www.wpunj.edu /library/histdx.shtml (8235 words)

	CHAPTER 39 - CHRONOLOGY OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST
		There are two basic arrangements of ancient Near Eastern dates.
		Events are then arbitrarily assigned to much later time periods, in accordance with the opinions of skeptical Bible critics and the theories of Egyptian chronology.
		A variety of ancient date lists were analyzed, and an attempt was made to harmonize them.
	www.godrules.net /evolutioncruncher/3evlch39.htm (2183 words)

	Ancient Near East (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Ancient Near East Maps 850-300 BCE-Added May, 2003
		Ancient Near East-New Light on the Most Ancient East-Questia-Added April, 2003
		Mesopotamia-Relgion-Questia-Religions of the Ancient Near East: Sumer to Akkadia-Added April, 2003
	www.boundaryschools.com /perley/kencon/pages/ancientneareast.html (50 words)

	Egypt and the Ancient Near East for Young People and Teachers, teacher, education, children, schools, K-12, ancient ...
		These sites include material relevant to most of the ancient Near East, however, most of these links are the home pages of museum education departments which only contain details of how to contact these departments.
		Addition of Recommended Readings on the Ancient Near East, with bibliographies for students on Egypt, Nubia and Mesopotamia and teachers Egypt, Nubia and Mesopotamia.
		Carnegie Museum of Natural History including material on ancient Egypt for teachers and schoolchildren and links to the museum's Education department.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/DEPT/RA/ABZU/YOUTH_RESOURCES.HTML (2287 words)

	Institute for the Study of Interdisciplinary Sciences
		ISIS was founded in 1985 by a group of scholars of ancient history who felt it was important to develop an interdisciplinary approach to the study of Man's ancient past.
		ISIS has published research on the great cultures of the ancient Mediterranean and Near East including Egypt and Nubia; Canaan, Philistia and Israel; Phoenicia and Syria; Assyria, Babylonia, Elam and Persia; Anatolia; Cyprus, Crete and Greece; and Italy, Sicily and Sardinia.
		The topics covered should be of interest to all students of the Ancient World since the editorial perspective is neither regionally orientated nor specific to the study of any one ancient society.
	www.knowledge.co.uk /xxx/cat/isis (771 words)

	Early /Ancient Middle Eastern History
		The Urban River Valley Civilizations of the Ancient Near East
		Ancient Era of the African Continent - Ancient Egypt
		Introduction to Ancient Mesopotamia - it is just that--a very good intro.
	www.historyteacher.net /GlobalStudies/MidEast_EarlyHistory.htm (792 words)

	Ancient and Medieval Middle East
		Ancient Near Eastern Treaties and Contracts (Daniel Bellissimo)
		Ancient Synagogues in the Holy Land (David Landau, Tempere University of Techneology)
		Institute of Ancient Near Eastern Studies (ANES), (Charles University, Prague)
	www.columbia.edu /cu/lweb/indiv/mideast/cuvlm/ancient.html (275 words)

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