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Topic: Chumash

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	Chumash - 3 on 3 Lacrosse
		Chumash was created by Rock-it Pocket founder Flip Naumburg in the early 1990's.
		Chumash goals are also good for running simple drills if you are short on goaltenders.
		For example, it is a lot of fun to play Chumash on the beach with two poles buried about 1 foot apart in the sand, and a crease that is obliterated periodically by incoming waves.
	www.rock-itpocket.com /pages/leftmenu/chumash.html (1301 words)

	Chumash Life
		The Chumash really became a definable separate community directly after the Initial Early Period during the Terminal Early Period about 5,000 years ago.
		The female Chumash ran and organized the settlements through group decisions, councils, and a 'Wot', chieftain.
		The Chumash in the Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties were extremely peaceful.
	www.chumashinterpretivecenter.org /Pages/Chumash/chumash_life.htm (176 words)

	Chumash
		To the west, the Chumash territory spread to the coast and further, out to the Channel Islands, west of today's Santa Barbara.
		The art shown here is a replica of Chumash art painted on the wall of the museum at Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa.
		Chumash villages were made of dome-shaped homes made of willow, whalebone, and tile mats for roofing.
	missiontour.org /related/chumash.htm (477 words)

	Camp Internet - Who are the Chumash? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Anthropologists are studying evidence that suggests that Chumash settlements out on the Channel Islands were among the first habitations in North America.
		The Chumash are now internationally renowned for their prehistoric rock art, which is one of the most colorful rock painting, or pictograph, forms of ceremonial art in the world.
		It is from this realm of supernatural spirits on human and animal form, that the Chumash Eagle mythologies were born.
	www.rain.org /eagle/chumash1.htm (577 words)

	Wishtoyo - Projects - Educational - Chumash Values
		Within the Chumash nation, there were northern, southern, and central peoples, who resided along the coasts, on the islands, in the mountains and valleys, and by the rivers.
		The Chumash are the Keepers of the Western Gate.
		The creator told the Chumash people on Santa Cruz Island to cross over the rainbow bridge to the mainland, where there was an abundance of land and food for their families.
	www.wishtoyo.org /projects-educational-chumash-values.html (2126 words)

	White Dove's Native American Indian Site Chumash
		The Chumash Indian culture of south central California was actually a network of seventy-five to one hundred hunting, fishing, and gathering communities who spoke eight related languages and numbered between twenty thousand and thirty thousand members on the eye of Spanish arrival.
		Chumash society was divided into three classes, with specialists organized into guilds on one rung, astrologers and priests on another, and on top the Wot lineages.
		Chumash shell beads, cut and smoothed from purple Olivella shells, were sent north to the Salinans, east to the Yokuts, and south to the Mohaves.
	users.multipro.com /whitedove/encyclopedia/chumash.html (1060 words)

	The Chumash: A California Case Study
		As many Chumash had been raised in the missions and were unfamiliar with any other way of life, they had little choice but to work for the ranchers; thus, many became isolated from other Chumash and their traditions (see Johnson 1993).
		The Chumash are well known for their use of soapstone for bowls, flat cooking stones, pipes (to smoke tobacco), and ornaments.
		Chumash rock painting was a highly developed art and was important in their religion.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/e/t/etr109/chumash1.htm (3382 words)

	Chumash Summary
		As the Chumash interaction sphere exists within a coastal zone and encompasses some eight to ten thousand years (since, roughly, the recession of the last coastal ice-age permafrost), it should not be construed as a stable environment.
		Anthropologists eagerly sought Chumash baskets as prime examples of the craft, and two of the finest collections are at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC and the Musée de l’Homme (Museum of Mankind) in Paris, France.
		On September 9, 2001, several Chumash bands came together to paddle from the mainland to Santa Cruz Island in the Elye'wun ("swordfish"), It is reported to have been circled by a pod of at least 30 dolphins during part of their voyage.
	www.bookrags.com /Chumash (1932 words)

	Chumash Indians - Dwellings, Tomols, and Tools.
		The tomol was perhaps one of the most important tools in use by the Chumash, The average tomols measured between 10 and 30 feet in length, about twice the size of a regular canoe, and able to carry as many as ten people.
		The Chumash used harpoons and curved hooks for fishing, and they used smoke fans (to smoke small animals out of their holes), spears, bows and arrows for hunting.
		Chumash women used twined and coiling methods for making baskets, using juncus plant stalks which had been dyed by either being buried in mud or soaked in water with iron, taking on a rust color.
	www.chumashindian.com /dwellings-tomols-tools.htm (480 words)

	Julia White - Looking Back - The Chumash
		The Chumash lived in a tiered society which ranged from the poor and the laborers, through the craft guilds which created every item used by the people from spears to their art, to the chiefs and finally the medicine people and shaman/astrologer priests.
		The Chumash were accomplished carvers, and fashioned carved wooden utensils, bowls, pots and all imaginable articles from the many types of wood on their land.
		The fate of the Chumash people is one of the most tragic in our history, and there is a wealth of printed materials available in libraries on their story.
	www.meyna.com /chumash2.html (2160 words)

	Brian Fagan, The Chumash (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Almost certainly the Chumash seafarers made their island journeys and fished offshore during calm weather and during the morning hours, when winds are calm.
		But Chumash seafarers were vital to a society living on both islands and mainland.
		Chumash fishermen harvested plankton-feeding anchovies by the thousands as they moved inshore in summer.
	cogweb.ucla.edu /Chumash/Fagan_95.html (6329 words)

	History of the Chumash People
		The Chumash society became tiered and ranged from manual laborers to the skilled crafters, to the chiefs, and to the shaman priests.
		The Chumash believed that the world was in a constant state of change, so decisions in the villages were made only after consulting the charts.
		The Chumash population was eventually decimated, due largely to the introduction of European diseases.
	www.santaynezchumash.org /history.html (849 words)

	GeoNative - Barbareño Chumash (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Chumash are the native inhabitants of the Southern California coast near Santa Barbara, west from Los Angeles.
		However, the Chumash of today, several thousand people, are reorganizing themselves, in several groups (some not recognised by federal authorities), claiming their native cultural and land rights.
		Chumash language were grouped in the Hokan family, a doubtful grouping criticized by many linguists.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/chumash.html (237 words)

	Chumash (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Location: Central California, from Estero Bay in the north to Malibu Canyon in the south, and from Carizzo Plain in the east to the Santa Barbara Channel Islands in the west.
		Plank canoes; tomals may out of redwood trees were the most important tool for the Chumash, were used for fishing, and travel between different tribes along the coast and neighboring islands. Domed houses; ap, 30 feet in diameter houses were shelter for the Chumash Indians.
		Daily Life: The Chumash Indians also wove baskets and gathered nuts, fruits, and plants for rituals and spiritual healing. These “healings” would be performed by a doctor of the tribe and he would “heal” the Indians that would be sick or need spiritual healing.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/northamerica/chumashindians.html (140 words)

	Agriculture, Drought, and Chumash Congregation in California Missions (1782-1834)
		Studies of Chumash congregation have pointed to a relationship between food supply and the decision to relocate to the emerging mission communities, but in doing so they have largely ignored other broader and complex social, economic, and political factors that may have contributed to the decision to move to the missions.
		Patterns for the Chumash missions were different than for the other missions in the region, and between the Chumash missions the strongest statistical relationship is for San Buenaventura and Santa Barbara missions.
		The central Chumash missions, Santa Barbara and La Purísima, both had poor wheat crops in 1807, and 1812 was a poor year for both wheat and corn at three missions.
	www.ca-missions.org /jackson.html (4574 words)

	Daily Life in a Chumash village
		The Chumash kept their tomols in a moist place in the shade until they were ready to go out to sea.
		The Chumash rarely wove rattlesnake designs and did not put pictorial figures of humans or animals on their baskets.
		The skilled, adaptable Chumash continued to produce baskets despite the cultural upheavals of history, until the last old-time weavers died around 1915.
	www.crews.org /curriculum/la/chumash_life.htm (1606 words)

	Native American Astronomy - Chumash Tribe
		Like the Pawnee, the Chumash of California also had a ranking for those objects they saw in the sky.
		The most important time of the year for the Chumash was right before the winter solstice.
		It is thought that the Chumash might have used these to observe the solstices.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/the_universe/uts/chumash.html (353 words)

	Chumash delay deep tilling in Margarita
		It is my expert opinion that more Chumash burials, and cemeteries, exist on the Ranch, and that absent a formal archaeological survey of areas of the Ranch, and a plan to avoid Chumash burials and culturally significant Chumash sites, ground disturbance on the Ranch is could cause irreparable injury to these burials and sites.
		Chumash, and all Native American, burials and culturally significant historic and prehistoric sites are protected by both state and federal laws.
		Due to the emergency nature of the Chumash request for temporary restraining orders, time does not permit me to detail the unique and culturally significant discoveries found during just this narrow strip of land which had previously been disturbed by the original Unocal trench on the Ranch.
	www.ienearth.org /chumash3.html (2388 words)

	Welcome to Chumash Indian Life/The Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History - Anthropology Department!
		Before the Mission Period, the Chumash lived in 150 independent villages with a total population of about 18,000 people.
		In addition to the plank canoe, the Chumash are known for their fine basketry, their mysterious cave paintings and their money made from shells.
		The paddle was collected during Vancouver's visit to the Santa Barbara area in 1793 and presently resides in the British Museum collection.
	www.sbnature.org /research/anthro/chumash/index.htm (330 words)

	Chumash Casino Resort :: Chumash Casino
		Must be 18 years of age or older.
		With more than 100 rooms and 17 luxury suites, many with balconies and whirlpool baths, we offer a full range of hotel amenities.
		The Chumash CafÃ© is located on the Casino main floor.
	www.chumashcasino.com (238 words)

	Chumash Community Returns to Limuw
		Chumash people from throughout the traditional region of San Louis Obispo to Malibu and beyond, will await the arrival of ‘Eleye’wun at Scorpion Beach on Limuw (Santa Cruz).
		Chumash Maritime Association Member and paddler Marcus Lopez states that “The crossing is meant to create bridges for different communities, both internal and external.”
		Meaning swordfish in a Chumash dialect, ‘Eleye’wun was constructed by and for the Chumash community.
	www.nps.gov /chis/press091004.htm (426 words)

	FDI - Chumash
		The Chumash were a California language group comprised of several tribes.
		The Chumash entire rich culture was destroyed early by Spanish missionization and, later, Mexican overlords.
		Whether the Chumash language is part of the Hokan language phylum or a separate phylum is in dispute, though there is a growing consensus that Chumashan is not a component of Hokan.
	www.fourdir.com /chumash.htm (279 words)

	Chumash Indian Legends - Chumash Myths
		In addition to the commonly shared belief in a Great Spirit which created The universe and everything, the Chumash believed the world was divided in three layers on three floating disks; the Sky World, the Middle World (where they lived), and the Water World.
		Summer was represented by the color blue, as in the ocean's waves, and by the Owl, a creature of wisdom and intelligence, and the Snake, which pressed its belly against Mother Earth, showing its sensitivity.
		Fall was represented by the color red, and by the Dolphin; the sea-dwelling brother of the Chumash, and by the Raven, who served as messenger.
	www.indianlegend.com /chumash/chumash_002.htm (402 words)

	A CHUMASH CHRISTMAS
		Onokok is a Samala (Inezeno) Chumash and the director of the Inezeno Chumash Revitalization Project.
		Given the fact that most of us who went to high school and college in California were taught that the Chumash were extinct, very often we have shown indifference to their culture out of programmed ignorance.
		Actually, many Chumash have struggled with this type of problem for the last two hundred years as they have been forced by a series of European invasions to adjust to an dual cultural existence.
	www.angelfire.com /id/newpubs/xmas1.html (1369 words)

	chumash (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Chumash occupied an expansive territory along the southern California coast, from Malibu Canyon in the south to Estero Bay in the north, and as far inland as the western San Joaquin Valley.
		Chumash villages were among the largest in California, some containing as many as two thousands residents.
		Their homes were made of poles driven into the ground and arched into the center, overlaid with a thatch of interwoven grasses, tules, and ferns.
	www.californiahistory.net /2_natives/chumash.htm (171 words)

	Chumash Culture (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Geographically, the Chumash occupied the region from San Luis Obispo to Malibu Canyon on the coast and inland as far as the western edge of the San Joaquin valley.
		To travel on water, the Chumash built three types of canoes, the plank canoe, the dugout and the tule balsa canoe.
		An example of the Chumash people’s belief in their unity with nature is given by the Rainbow Bridge creation myth.
	www.gaviotacoastconservancy.org /chumash.html (387 words)

	THE CHUMASH INDIAN COUNCIL Of San Luis Obispo County [Southern California]
		The SLO Chumash maintain relations with the Salinan people who are located to the north, and the Yokuts and Tejon peoples who are located to the north and east.
		One of the primary goals of the SLO Chumash Council is to help local, state, and federal governments in their efforts to preserve historical sites for the study and appreciation of future generations.
		The lands of the local Chumash towns, including Zaha, were confiscated by the Mexican government and renamed by its new colonial owner as the Santa Rosa ranch (land title).
	www.angelfire.com /id/newpubs/slo.html (1705 words)

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