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Topic: Chuvash language

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Chuvash

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	Chuvash people Summary
		In Chuvash tuka tu- or tuxat- denotes "to cast a spell or charm," and thus the tuxatmăš is the person who casts the spell; the prayer of the Muslim muezzin came to be identified with the sorcerer's incantation.
		Another belief is that the Chuvash are remainders of pre-[[Bolgar](Hunnic) population of Volga Bulgaria, partly merged with Scythians, Bolgars and Mari.
		Chuvashs are the third largest ethnic group in the city of Kazan (1.2%).
	www.bookrags.com /Chuvash_people (2004 words)

	Chuvash people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 15th-16th centuries, Chuvash lands were incorporated into the Khanate of Kazan, and then in 1550 annexed by Russia.
		Another belief is that the Chuvash are remainders of pre-Bolgar Turkic (Hunnic) population of Volga Bulgaria, partly merged with Scythians, Bolgars and Mari.
		Chuvashs are the third largest ethnic group in the city of Kazan (1.2%).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chuvash (280 words)

	Chuvash language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chuvash language [CHOO-vahsh] (Чӑваш чӗлхи, also known as Chuwash, Chovash, Chavash or Çuaş) is a Turkic language spoken west of the Urals in central Russia.
		Chuvash is the native language of the Chuvash people and an official language of Chuvashia.
		Both Tatar and Finnic languages have influenced the Chuvash language, and there are Russian, Mari, Mongolic, Arab and Persian words in its lexicon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chuvash_language (224 words)

	Chuvashia: Chuvash National Congress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Chuvash Republic, capital Shupashkar (in Russian Chebokshary) is located in the middle flow of Volga river, in the center of European part of Russian Federation.
		The language belongs to the Bulgar subgroup of the Turcic group of the Altai family of languages.
		The formation of the Chuvash into a single nation was going on the base of the rural Bulgarian population who did not adopt Islam and it was completed on the boundary of the 15th - 16th centuries.
	www.unpo.ee /en/members/info/chuvash.html (878 words)

	Encyclopedia: Chuvash language
		The Tatar language (Tatar tele, TatarÃ§a, Ð¢Ð°Ñ‚Ð°Ñ€ Ñ‚ÐµÐ»Ðµ, Ð¢Ð°Ñ‚Ð°Ñ€Ñ‡Ð°) is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages.
		Language stubs The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe.
		Chuvash is an official language of Chuvashia and is spoken by about two million people.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Chuvash-language (1040 words)

	AllRefer.com - Chuvash Republic (CIS And Baltic Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		The region, consisting largely of the Chuvash plateau, is wooded steppe.
		Chuvash make up some 70% of the population and Russians (who are mostly urban) around 25%; there are Mordovian, Tatar, and Ukrainian minorities.
		The Chuvash Autonomous Region was established in 1920; it became an autonomous republic in 1925.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/ChuvashR.html (340 words)

	Confessional Peculiarities
		The theological administration of Moslems of Chuvash Republic was formed in 1994 in the village of Shigirdany, Batyrevskii district.
		Only when priests speaking the Chuvash language were trained, when sermons were held in the Chuvash language, when Chuvash religious literature appeared, most part of the local population yielded to Christianity.
		It must be noted that the Chuvash language became the second language after Russian, into which the Bible was translated, and Chuvashes are the first people in Russia to conduct public worship in the native language.
	gov.cap.ru /hierarhy_cap.asp?page=./103/6744 (555 words)

	Chuvash language and culture
		FROM WIKIPEDIA Chuvash language [CHOO-vahsh] (Чăваш чěлхи, also known as Chuwash, Chovash, Chavash or Çuaş) is a Turkic language spoken west of the Urals in central Russia.
		Chuvash is the native language of the Chuvash people and an official language of Chuvashia.
		CHUVASH Location: The Chuvash Republic, capital Shupashkar, is located in the Central Volga river region; it borders the Mordva Republic, the Mari Republic, the Republic of Tatarstan, and the Nizhni Novgorod and Ulianovsk districts of the Russian...
	www.lonweb.org /link-chuvash.htm (800 words)

	Chuvash History
		This was the second state in which the Chuvash people attained their national identity.When they lived under the dominion of Kazan Khanate, the Chuvash people struggled continuously against the religious oppression and they appealed for the help of the Russian soldiers when they rebelled in 1546.
		As a continuation of the policy of Russian identity, the Chuvash language was externalised and the official language of Chuvashistan was stated as Russian in the constitution.
		In accordance with a law adopted in 1991, the statement of "The official and educational language of Chuvash Autonomous Republic is Russian language" was changed as "The official and educational languages of Chuvash Autonomous Republic are Russian and Chuvash languages".
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0007/0007_15_07_2.htm (1225 words)

	Chuvash -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Chuvash constitutes a separate and distinct branch of the Turkic languages that differs considerably from the so-called Common Turkic languages; it is the only modern descendant of the...
		The language of the Proto-Bolgars, reportedly similar to the Khazar language, belonged to the latter type.
		Cheboksary; Chuvash settled in area until it was annexed by Russians 16th century; oblast formed 1920; republic 1925; grains, hemp, potatoes, vegetables;...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9082592 (416 words)

	Review
		The Chuvash autonomous region was formed on June 24, 1920; on April 21, 1925 it was transformed into Chuvash ASSR; on October 24, 1990 it was renamed as Chuvash Soviet Socialist Republic, and on February 13, 1992 it became Chuvash Republic in the Russian Federation.
		There are three ethnographic groups of Chuvashes: upper (viryal, turi) live in the northern and north-western districts of Chuvashia, low (anatri) - in the south of the republic and beyond its limits, middle-low (anat yenchi) - in the north-eastern and central districts.
		The National Coat of Arms of Chuvash Republic is a representation of a golden fringed heraldic shield, in the centre of which there is a purple “Tree of Life”.
	gov.cap.ru /hierarhy_cap.asp?page=./103/104 (687 words)

	ral-Altaic Languages
		All of the Uralic languages have been shown to be related--the vocabulary and grammar of each member language can be examined in the light of correspondences such as that which obtains between Hungarian -d and Finnish -nt-.
		The Samoyed languages are the easternmost representatives of Uralic.
		Khalkha is the language of the Mongols of Mongolia, with its capital at Ulan Bator.
	members.tripod.com /~Yukon_2/language2.html (1863 words)

	Overview report on the Chuvash Republic
		The Chuvash Republic is located, mainly, in the basin of the Volga and Sura rivers, and it spans for almost 120 miles from north to south, and for 100 miles from west to east.
		Chuvash companies produce the following construction materials: reinforced concrete and prefabricated panels, wall ceramic, facing tile and tile boards, lime carbonate, waterproof roofing materials, linoleum, etc. A particular feature of the Chuvash construction sector is outsourcing of building brigades and teams of construction workers to the regions of Central Russia, Upper and Middle Volga.
		Chuvash potato has become a known and demanded brand in the markets of Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, European North of Russia, and other regions due to its good quality, ensured by modern technologies, machinery and efficiency of work of Chuvash potato-growing and storage companies.
	www.bisnis.doc.gov /bisnis/bisdoc/0312ChuvashiaOverview.htm (2947 words)

	«THE TATAR GAZETTE»
		Chuvashes never called themselves Bulgars, but Kazan Tatars believed that their villages were founded by the descendants from Bulgaria, that their grandfathers, great-grandfathers were Bulgars, and often, down to the 20 c., called themselves Bulgars, counter to the name “Tatars”.
		The native language or the history of the people were not studied in then in medrese, the studies were limited to the Arabian, Persian or Turkish languages and the common Muslim history.
		If it is found in the language of Bulgarian epitaphs, it is possible to explain it by the influence of the language of Chuvash ancestors on the language of Bulgarian epitaphs.
	www.members.tripod.com /tatargazeta/eng_168.html (5335 words)

	Turkic Branch of the Altaic Language Family
		Languages of the World is brought to you by the National Virtual Translation Center.
		An agglutinative language is one in which each affix typically represents one unit of meaning, e.g.,'past tense', 'plural', or 'masculine'.
		All Turkic languages are considered to belong to Category II in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/march/TurkicBranch.html (792 words)

	The Chuvash Rebublic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Chuvash Republic is situated in the mid-Volga region.
		An agreement was signed between the Chuvash and the Russian governments about the rebuilding of the Chuvash economy, the development of the regional agriculture and destruction of chemical weapons on Chuvash territory.
		Chuvash, together with Mari, Udmurt and Tatarstan publicly declared their opposition to the Chechen war and called on their citizens to refuse to serve in the conflict.
	russia.rin.ru /guides_e/4100.html (289 words)

	Chuvash (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The capitol of the Chuvash Republic is Cheboksary, which was built around the 16th century as a military camp.
		The Chuvash are a mixture of the local tribes in the Russia area and the Bulgars.
		The Chuvash people were protected from the Tatars by the Russians, and by the 1600 the Chuvash people moved back into the southern Chuvashia region.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/europe/chuvash.html (575 words)

	Russia - The Republic of Chuvashia. Map, economy, travel, news, arts, media, and business - RussiaTrek
		Chuvash Republic, capital Shupashkar (in Russian Chebokshary) is located in the middle flow of Volga river, in the center of European part of Russian Federation.
		The language belongs to the Bulgar subgroup of the Turcic group of the Altai family of languages.
		The formation of the Chuvash into a single nation was going on the base of the rural Bulgarian population who did not adopt Islam and it was completed on the boundary of the 15th - 16th centuries.
	russiatrek.org /rp_chuvash.shtml (831 words)

	Chuvashia (Russia) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Chuvash seem to like their flag very much, it being all over the republic.
		The 24th of June chuvash streets and store windows are more decorated than usual with red and yellow motives and I note that these show the distinct darker shade of red prescribed by law (contrasting with most flags in sight, incl.
		This beverage is a national (chuvash) ancient tradition, this republic being almost exclusively responsible for Russia’s rank as the 8th major producer of hop world wide.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/ru-cu.html (950 words)

	Sakaliba are Kipchaks
		Chuvashes never called themselves Bulgars, but Kazan Tatars believed that their villages were founded by the descendants from Bulgaria, that their grandfathers, great-grandfathers were Bulgars, and often, down to the 20 c., called themselves Bulgars, counter to the name “Tatars”.
		The native language or the history of the people were not studied in then in medrese, the studies were limited to the Arabian, Persian or Turkish languages and the common Muslim history.
		If it is found in the language of Bulgarian epitaphs, it is possible to explain it by the influence of the language of Chuvash ancestors on the language of Bulgarian epitaphs.
	www.turkleronline.com /turkler/turk_turuk/koken_isim/datelines/sakaliba_are_kipchaks.htm (5350 words)

	CHUVASH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Chuvash language belongs to the Turkic group of languages, said to be the only remaining branch of the Old-Bulgaric language.
		The Chuvash lands were added to the Kazan Khanate in the 15th century, by which time the formation of the Chuvash nation was essentially complete.
		Chuvash, together with Mari, Udmurt and Tatarstan publicly declared their opposition to the Chechen war and called on their citizens to refuse to serve in the conflict.
	www.unpo.org /news_detail.php?arg=17&par=40 (733 words)

	Chuvash language
		Chuvash language [CHOO-vahsh] (Чăваш чěлхи, also known as Chuwash, Chovash, Chavash or Çuaş) is a Turkic language spoken west of the Urals in central Russia.
		There‘s also Latin variants of Chuvash Alphabet, which are also used nowadays, but no official Latin script exists as it is not allowed in Russia for minor languages to have Latin alphabets officially.
		As the Chuvash Language is the only preserved language of Bulgaric group we can say that it is borrowed Chuvash words in Russian, Mari, Tatar, etc. too.
	en.chuvash.org /e/43687576617368206c616e6775616765 (426 words)

	[No title]
		All of the Uralic languages have been shown to be related--the vocabulary and grammar of each member language can be examined in the light of correspondences such as that which obtains between Hungarian -d and Finnish -nt-.
		The Samoyed languages are the easternmost representatives of Uralic.
		Khalkha is the language of the Mongols of Mongolia, with its capital at Ulan Bator.
	www.ufomind.com /area51/desert_rat/1995/dr28/rat_28_ural.txt (1806 words)

	Mongolian languages -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		All Mongolian languages are relatively closely related; those languages whose speakers left the core area in Mongolia the earliest tend to be the most divergent.
		Less divergent are the languages of several ethnic groups in northwestern China, eastern Qinghai, and adjacent parts of Gansu and Inner Mongolia, altogether spoken by fewer than 500,000 people.
		The core languages are Mongolian proper, the dominant dialect in the Republic of Mongolia and the basis of Modern Standard Mongolian, and a group of peripheral dialects.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9372459?tocId=9372459 (939 words)

	Chuvash (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Chuvash Republic is situated in the mid-Volga region.
		Its goal is the revival of the Chuvash culture and the maintenance of the national identity of the Chuvash people.
		An agreement was signed between the Chuvash and the Russian governments about the rebuilding of the Chuvash economy, the development of the regional agriculture and destruction of chemical weapons on Chuvash territory.
	www.unpo.org /member.php?arg=17 (739 words)

	CHUVASH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		They speak the Chuvash language and are Orthodox Christians, with some traditions of pre-Christianity.
		By some scientists some part of Chuvash was converted to Islam in Middle Ages and then tatarificated.
		Chuvashs are the third nation in city of Kazan.
	www.yotor.org /wiki/en/ch/Chuvash.htm (182 words)

	Window on Eurasia: Non-Russian Broadcasts Threatened by Moscow Corporate Reform
		According to the paper, VGTRK officials are acting to bring their company into line with a 2002 law requiring that it transform itself from a holding company whose "daughter" companies have enjoyed relative independence into a single corporation in which each of the branches are subordinate to a central decision-making and financial center.
		Mikhail Mikhailovskiy, the chairman of the Chuvash State Council, has pointed out that the two-thirds of the population of his republic who speak Chuvash "had lost the opportunity to watch broadcasts in their native language." Others have made analogous comments.
		Chuvash President Nikolai Fedorov announced that he will try to organize in his republic its own independent broadcasting operation, but at the present time there is no money in the republic budget for that.
	www.mari.ee /eng/soc/polit/goble2.htm (738 words)

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