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Topic: Ciguatera fish poisoning

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	Ciguatera and the Fish that cause Ciguatera Poisoning
		Ciguatera is reported to be the most common form of sea food poisoning in the world (1, 2, 4) with the estimated number of cases ranging from 50,000 (1, 2) to 1,000,000 (3, 9) annually.
		Ciguatera may also have a slow insidious onset if there is a gradual accumulation of toxins due to the continuing consumption of fish which have a low level of toxicity (10, 30).
		Ciguatera may be caused by some 400 different species of tropical reef fish around the world (1, 16,), and, in theory at least, the avoidance of these species will considerably lower the risk of falling victim to ciguatera.
	www.holistichealthtopics.com /HMG/ciguatera.html (2939 words)

	Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
		Ciguatera fish poisoning is a rare disorder that occurs because of the ingestion of certain contaminated tropical and subtropical fish.
		Ciguatera fish poisoning is caused by a toxin (ciguatoxin) found in tropical or subtropical fish during certain times of the year.
		Scombroid fish poisoning is caused by a toxin formed during bacterial decay of fish, and is usually associated with inadequate refrigeration.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord202.htm (1352 words)

	Ciguatera - fish poisoning, Ciguatoxin, seafood disease, sushi poisoning
		Ciguatera fish poisoning is endemic wherever coral reef fishes are a food source.
		The toxin first affects the coral-grazing fish and is then passed up and through the food chain to the piscivorous fish (i.e., snapper, grouper, amberjack, barracuda) and finally to man. The toxin is not affected by either cooking or freezing, and the affected fish, cooked or raw, is not tainted by bacteria in any way.
		A typical scenario of Ciguatera fish poisoning would include a delicious family fish dinner at the evening meal, perhaps applauding the successful fisherperson and the culinary skills of the cook.
	www.miamimaritimelaw.com /ciguatera.htm (562 words)

	Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
		A case was defined as ciguatera fish poisoning if there was a combination of gastrointestinal symptoms (i.e., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal cramps) and neurologic symptoms (i.e., muscle pain, weakness, dizziness, numbness or itching of the mouth, hands, or feet) in a crew member after eating fish on October 12.
		These fish are then eaten by large, predatory reef fish (e.g., barracuda, grouper, and amberjacks), which appear to be unharmed by the toxin; because the toxins are lipid-soluble, they accumulate through the food chain.
		Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning is caused by a third type of dinoflagellate with another toxin that occasionally accumulates in oysters, clams, and mussels from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic coast of the southern states.
	www2.bc.cc.ca.us /bio16/12_algaetoxins.htm (1443 words)

	Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
		Ciguatera presents primarily as an acute neurologic disease manifested by a constellation of gastrointestinal (diarrhea, abdominal cramps and vomiting), neurologic (paresthesias, pain in the teeth, pain on urination, blurred vision, temperature reversal) and cardiovascular (arrhythmias, heart block) signs and symptoms within a few hours of contaminated fish ingestion.
		In Polynesia, Ciguatera is dominated and initiated by neurologic symptoms (90% of patients report paresthesias and dysesthesia), while reports from the Caribbean suggest that Ciguatera initially presents acutely as a gastroenteritis often with associated cardiovascular symptoms, with the gradual onset and dominance of neurologic symptoms over the first 24 hours.
		In the differential diagnosis of Ciguatera, poisoning with the other marine toxins, especially NSP and PSP should be considered since dysesthesias with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are the presenting symptoms.
	www.whoi.edu /redtide/illness/ciguatera_fish_poisoning.html (1689 words)

	Neurology of ciguatera
		Ciguatera poisoning is little known in temperate countries as a potentially global problem associated with human ingestion of large carnivorous fish that harbour the bioaccumulated ciguatoxins of the photosynthetic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus.
		The pathognomonic symptoms of acute ciguatera poisoning are paraesthesiae and dysaesthesiae.
		Modifications of the peripheral nerve disturbance in ciguatera poisoning in rats with lidocaine.
	www.ncf-net.org /library/Pearn-NeuroOCiguatera.htm (3014 words)

	Ciguatera Fish Poisoning - Travel Medicine Program - Public Health Agency of Canada
		Ciguatera poisonings have also been reported in Canada as a result of importing certain fish.
		Cases of ciguatera fish poisoning have occurred along the eastern coast of the United States from south Florida to Vermont.
		Ciguatera poisoning is usually self-limiting, and signs of poisoning often subside within several days from onset.
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /tmp-pmv/2002/ciguat_e.html (693 words)

	CDNN :: Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
		He is in the process of compiling a report on how ciguatera poisoning in the South Pacific region is a blessing rather than a curse.
		Temakei, ciguatera is prevalent in all countries of the South Pacific and occurs after eating toxic fish such as moray eel, barracuda, emperor fish, shark, and other reef fish.
		Fish commonly carrying the ciguatera poison are surgeonfish, red snappers, moray eels, sharks, barracuda, big jack, trevallies, groupers and rock cod.
	www.cdnn.info /eco/e011008/e011008.html (444 words)

	FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book Ciguatera
		Ciguatera is a form of human poisoning caused by the consumption of subtropical and tropical marine finfish which have accumulated naturally occurring toxins through their diet.
		Isolated cases of ciguatera fish poisoning have occurred along the eastern coast of the United States from south Florida to Vermont.
		The fish were sold to a seafood distributor after the fishermen (sport spearfishermen) themselves were first afflicted but dismissed their illness as seasickness and hangover.
	www.seafoodhaccp.com /SeafoodData/BadBugBook/CHAP36.HTML (812 words)

	Fish And Shellfish Poisoning \| AHealthyMe.com
		Fish and shellfish poisoning is a common but often unrecognized group of illnesses related to food.
		Ciguatera (from the Spanish word for a poisonous snail) is a food-related illness that causes abdominal and neurological symptoms.
		Ciguatera is caused by eating fish that have a toxin called ciguatoxin.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic100586833 (1451 words)

	Ciguatera - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ciguatera is a foodborne illness poisoning in humans caused by eating marine species whose flesh is contaminated with a toxin known as ciguatoxin, which is present in many micro-organisms (particularly, the micro-algae Gambierdiscus toxicus) living in tropical waters.
		Due to the localized nature of the ciguatoxin-producing micro-organisms, ciguatera illness is only common in tropical waters, particularly the Caribbean, and usually is associated with fish caught in tropical reef waters.
		The symptoms of ciguatera are gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting) followed by neurological symptoms such as headaches, muscle aches, numbness, ataxia, and hallucinations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ciguatera_poisoning (652 words)

	Ciguatera Poisoning
		This poison is produced by a very tiny organism called a dinofiagellate, which attaches itself to algae growing in warm ocean water reef areas.
		Fish like chinaman, red bass and paddle tail have, in the past, been involved in a large number of ciguatera poisonings and seafood marketers sell little of them.
		Victims of ciguatera fish poisoning are often members of an angler's own family who eat the larger fish of the catch usually belong to a predatory species like coral trout or spanish mackeral, which live off smaller ciguatera carrying fish.
	users.tpg.com.au /users/vmrg/ciguatera.html (603 words)

	OHSU Health - Fish Poisoning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The most toxic fish causing ciguatera fish poisoning is the barracuda, and should always be avoided, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
		The risk of ciguatera poisoning exists in all tropical and subtropical waters of the West Indies, the Pacific Ocean, and the Indian Ocean, where these reef fish are eaten.
		Reef fish from the tropical and subtropical waters of the West Indies, the Pacific Ocean, and the Indian Ocean pose the greatest threat.
	www.ohsuhealth.com /htaz/travel/highhub/fish_poisoning.cfm (621 words)

	DAN Divers Alert Network : Ciguatera Poisoning
		Ciguatera fish poisoning involves a large number of tropical and semitropical bottom-feeding fish that dine on plants or smaller fish, which have accumulated toxins from microscopic dinoflagellates, such as Gambierdiscus toxicus.
		A classic sign of ciguatera intoxication is the reversal of hot and cold sensation (hot liquids seem cold, and vice versa), which may reflect general hypersensitivity to temperature.
		During recovery from ciguatera poisoning, the injured person should exclude the following from the diet: fish, fish sauces, shellfish, shellfish sauces, alcoholic beverages, nuts and nut oils.
	www.diversalertnetwork.org /medical/faq/faq.asp?faqid=92 (417 words)

	CIGUATERA
		Ciguatera fish poisoning is the most common non-bacterial, seafood-related disease.
		It is possible wherever coral reef fishes are a food source, especially if there has been a reef disturbance either natural, as in hurricanes, heavy rains, and algal blooms; or man-made, as in dredging, bombing or wharf construction.
		Fish from one side of an island can be harmless while the same species of fish from the other side is poisonous.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~ica/ciguatera.htm (975 words)

	Cigua-Check Fish Poison Test Kit
		Ciguatera fish poison is a neurological toxin that can result in serious disease symptoms in people who eat fish from nearshore tropical oceans.
		It is not uncommon for fish from one side of the island to be poisonous while the same species from the other side of the island is safe to eat.
		Ciguatera poisoning is a serious threat to public health and fisheries development along tropical and subtropical shorelines.
	cigua.oceanit.com (317 words)

	Ciguatera fish poisoning - Florida, 1991 - food poisoning cases from fish Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Find ...
		Editorial Note: Ciguatera is a naturally, sporadically occurring fish toxin that affects a wide variety of popularly consumed reef fish; ciguatera becomes more bioconcentrated as it moves up the food chain.
		Ciguatera and related toxins are derived from dinoflagellates, which herbivorous fish consume while foraging through macro-algae [1].
		As in this outbreak, ciguatera fish poisoning is diagnosed by the characteristic combination of gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms in a person who eats a suspected fish [6,7].
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0906/is_n21_v42/ai_13253349 (785 words)

	Successful Treatment of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning With Intravenous Mannitol
		CIGUATERA fish poisoning is caused by a common ichthyosarcotoxin endemic throughout the Caribbean and IndoPacific islands; it has a reported annual incidence of between 100 and 300 per 100,000 population.
		Consumption of affected fish, whether it is cooked, raw, or frozen, may result in poisoning.
		Although ciguatoxin is the predominant toxin in ciguatera fish poisoning, other compounds have been associated with the disease; this may account for the variability in the clinical presentation.
	www.rehablink.com /ciguatera/treat.htm (2420 words)

	1998 GIS Conference: Geographic Information Systems and Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in the Tropical Western Atlantic Region
		The symptoms of ciguatera may persist in humans from a few days to up to several months or even years, depending on the size of the fish, the size of the contaminated portion, and the seafood consumption history of the victim (4).
		Ciguatera is the predominant fish poisoning in the endemic tropical regions of the Pacific and the Caribbean (5).
		Furthermore, the source of the ciguatera could be traced from the human cases to the contaminated fish and then back to the ciguatoxic coral reef.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /gis/conference98/proceedings/html/stinn.html (3230 words)

	Ciguatera fish poisoning remedied by new drug (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The medicine doesn't relieve all of ciguatera's many ills, nor is it a cure for the actual poisoning.
		Ciguatera fish poisoning exists in oceans between 35 degrees north and south of the equator.
		One wicked aspect of ciguatera poisoning is its duration.
	www.susanscott.net /OceanWatch1996/aug12-96.html (550 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Marine - Ciguatera : Article Excerpt by: Roy M Vega, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Ciguatera poisoning is confined to tropical fish from areas of the world between latitudes 35°N and 35°S. Modern food-shipping technology has made many warm-water fish commercially available worldwide, spreading the distribution of ciguatera poisoning.
		Ciguatera toxin is heat-stable and is unaffected by temperature, gastric acid, or cooking.
		At approximately 50,000 reported cases each year, ciguatera poisoning is the most common, nonbacterial, fish-borne poisoning in the United States.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/toxicity-marine---ciguatera.htm (398 words)

	CIGUATERA
		The toxin first appears in coral-grazing fish and is then passed up and magnified through the food chain to the piscivorous fish (i.e., snapper, grouper, barracuda) and finally to humans.
		The coup de grace in diagnosis is the observance that the symptoms and intensified after the consumption of an alcoholic beverage.
		A rapid enzyme immuno-assay for the detection of ciguatoxin in contaminated fish is currently being evaluated.
	www.fiu.edu /~goldberg/coralreefs/CIGUATERA.htm (913 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Bad Bug Book - Ciguatera
		The toxins are known to originate from several dinoflagellate (algae) species that are common to ciguatera endemic regions in the lower latitudes.
		Marine finfish most commonly implicated in ciguatera fish poisoning include the groupers, barracudas, snappers, jacks, mackerel, and triggerfish.
		Twenty cases of ciguatera fish poisoning from consumption of amberjack were reported to the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (HRS) in August and September 1991.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap36.html (849 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Ciguatera fish poisoning - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Ciguatera fish poisoning: Polycyclic ethers produced by Gambierdiscus (DINOFLAGELLATES) from gambiertoxins, which are ingested by fish which in turn may be ingested by humans who are susceptible to the CIGUATERA POISONING.
		Ciguatera fish poisoning is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
		Ciguatera fish poisoning: Ciguatera is a form of human poisoning caused by the consumption of subtropical and tropical marine finfish which have accumulated naturally occurring toxins through their diet.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/ciguatera_fish_poisoning.htm (409 words)

	Ciguatera: Fish Poisoning - The name may be difficult to remember. But if you get this disease, you'll never forget it
		Ciguatera symptoms were first described in the 1500's by the Spanish explorers to Cuba and were attributed to the ingestion of a small snail which they called cigua.
		As an aside, breast-feeding infants have been reported to exhibit an unusual degree of "fussiness" if their mothers have been victims of ciguatera and it is believed that the ciguatoxin is excreted in breast milk.
		Anecdotally an 8-month-old breast-feeding infant was apparently successfully treated recently in the Marshall Islands, where the use of IV mannitol in ciguatera was pioneered and now is the site of a NIH double-blind study on the use of IV mannitol in ciguatera fish toxicity.
	www.rehablink.com /ciguatera/poison.htm (977 words)

	Ciguatera - WrongDiagnosis.com - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Relative Frequency of Disease: The relative frequency of ciguatera fish poisoning in the United States is not known.
		Course of Disease and Complications: Initial signs of poisoning occur within six hours after consumption of toxic fish and include perioral numbness and tingling (paresthesia), which may spread to the extremities, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
		MMWR 42(21):1993: Twenty cases of ciguatera fish poisoning from consumption of amberjack were reported to the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (HRS) in August and September 1991.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /fda_bad_bug_book/ciguatera_printer.htm (779 words)

	Ciguatera fish poisoning -- Crump et al. 75 (889): 678 -- Postgraduate Medical Journal
		the acute and chronic manifestations of ciguatera fish poisoning
		Ciguatera fish poisoning is one of a variety of non-bacterial forms of seafood poisoning in humans.
		Chronic fatigue syndrome: chronic ciguatera poisoning as a differential diagnosis.
	pmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/75/889/678 (983 words)

	Oceanit Cigua-Check Fish Poison Test Kit
		Ciguatera fish poisoning is a neurological illness caused by eating reef fish that have accumulated a poison called ciguatoxin, which is produced by microscopic organisms that grow on the surface of marine algae.
		There is no way to visually inspect a fish for ciguatoxin; nor can the toxin be destroyed by cooking, freezing, smoking, salting, or drying.
		The only sure way to know if a fish is not ciguatoxic is to test any suspect fish with Cigua-Check® fish poison test kit.
	store.tackletogo.com /occigfispois.html (243 words)

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