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Topic: Cihuacoatl

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	Cihuacoatl
		She assisted Quetzalcoatl in the creation of the first humans of this era, which are made from the ground bones of the people of the previous era mixed with the blood of the old gods who committed self-sacrifice so that the new era could begin.
		Cihuacoatl, which means 'snake-woman', is occasionally portrayed holding a child in her arms.
		The center of her cult was at Colhuacan (at the Texcoco Lake in Mexico).
	www.pantheon.org /articles/c/cihuacoatl.html (103 words)

	Cihuacoatl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Aztec mythology, Cihuacoatl ("snake woman"; also Chihucoatl, Ciucoatl) was one of a number of motherhood and fertility goddesses.
		Cihuacoatl was especially associated with midwives, and with the sweatbaths where midwives practiced.
		Cihuacoatl was also a noble title among the Aztecs, given to the secondary ruler of Tenochtitlan who was responsible for the day-to-day affairs of the capital city.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ciucoatl (259 words)

	[No title]
		Cihuacoatl stands in close but enigmatic association with both the horrifying serpentine goddess Coatlicue and the revered mother goddess Toci.
		In her most familiar role, she speaks for "domestic" responsibilities (she holds a broom and was remembered in the daily sweeping of the household shrine); but she was equally "at home" in her Terrible Aspect, the man-eating mistress of chaos.
		A hymn to the "broom"-goddess celebrates Cihuacoatl-- plumed with eagle feathers, with the crest of eagles, painted with serpents blood with a broom in her hands...goddess of drum beating...She is our mother, a goddess of war, our mother a goddess of war, an example and a companion from the home of our ancestors...
	www.kronia.com /thoth/ThotII02.txt (3554 words)

	Cihuacoatl -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In (Click link for more info and facts about Aztec mythology) Aztec mythology, Cihuacoatl (" (Limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous) snake woman"; also Chihucoatl, Ciucoatl) was one of a number of motherhood and fertility goddesses.
		Cihuacoatl was also a noble title among the Aztecs, given to the secondary ruler of (Click link for more info and facts about Tenochtitlan) Tenochtitlan who was responsible for the day-to-day affairs of the capital city.
		Tlacaelel served as Cihuacoatl under four Aztec kings (Tlatoanis) during the (Click link for more info and facts about 15th century) 15th century.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/C/Ci/Cihuacoatl.htm (349 words)

	MELUS: From Llorona to Gritona: Coatlicue In Feminist Tales by Viramontes and Cisneros - 1 - Helena Maria Viramontes, ...
		Many goddesses have descended from Coatlicue, among them Cihuacoatl, the patron of midwives who, like her precursor, embodies a holistic figure that embraces both death and creation.
		Similarly, Cihuacoatl covers herself in chalk, dresses in white, and wanders the streets at night weeping and wailing, foreboding war (Barakat 290).
		Cihuacoatl, originally the patron of midwives, is an ancient earth goddess of both war and birth.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2278/is_2_24/ai_59211507 (1094 words)

	XIII. Hymn to the Mother of Mortals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cihuacoatl was the mythical mother of the human race.
		Her name, generally translated "serpent woman," should be rendered "woman of twins" or "bearing twins," as the myth related that such was her fertility that she always bore two children at one lying-in.
		The name cihuacoatl was also applied to one of the higher magistrates and war chiefs in the Aztec army (Sahagun).
	www.sacred-texts.com /nam/aztec/rva/rva13.htm (511 words)

	Snake Skirts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cihuacoatl therefore symbolized the Toltec earth mother of the Mexica, and the name Coatlicue is merely the Mexica variant of Cihuacoatl.
		That the goddess Cihuacoatl had a political significance as well is indicated by the use of her name, cihuacoatl, for the title of the lord next in power to the ruler, the tlatoani.
		The division of rulership into two offices, the tlatoani in the guise of the Mexica sun god Huizilopochtli and the cihuacoatl in the guise of the Toltec earth mother, suggests the twin-temple concept; it brings together the old and the new, war and fertility, life and death, Mexica and Toltec, conqueror and conquered.
	www.mesoweb.com /misc/mictlantecihuatl.html (547 words)

	Cihuacoatl
		In Aztec mythology, Cihuacoatl ("snake woman") was a fertility goddess and patron of women who died in childbirth.
		She helped Quetzalcoatl make the current age of humanity by grounding up bones from the previous ages, and mixing it with his blood.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ci/Cihuacoatl.html (61 words)

	Tlacaellel and the role of the Cihuacoatl
		Although all the references to the position of Cihuacoatl I've found imply there were successive holders of the title, I've not been able to find any names or information on any other Cihuacocoah apart from Tlacaellel.
		Apart from being Cihuacoatl he was also a member of the royal house and considered at one time to sit on the throne.
		After Tlacaellel died in 1496, the Aztec heyday was drawing to its end: the last three rulers lacked the caliber of their predecessors and the empire was already weakening even before Cortes set foot on shore.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Article/736744 (454 words)

	Goddess in the Wheel of the Year, "Lammas, Goddess of the Grain Reborn," MatriFocus Web Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Snake Wife is a form of the Serpent Goddess, with her connections to life-giving rain and royal ancestry.
		For the Mexica (Aztecs), the principal goddess was Cihuacoatl, 'Snake Woman,' and she, too, could change herself into a snake.
		Cihuacoatl takes the bones and grinds them on her stone mortar to a fine meal, which she mixes with the blood of the old gods who committed self-sacrifice so that the new era could begin.
	www.matrifocus.com /LAM03/wheel.htm (1262 words)

	Cihuacoatl LaLLorona.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The technique I use is to develop it first into a full and highly detailed pencil drawing and then overlay glazes of acrylic.
		Cihuacoatl was an ancient Aztec Goddess, patron of the cihuateteo, sanctified women who died in child-birth.
		On days of the calendar dedicated to the cihuateteo she descended to the earth wailing and moaning in the night air.
	home.earthlink.net /~larrhue/Cihuacoatl_LaLLorona.html (249 words)

	Cihuacoatl ("Snake Woman")
		The Cihuacoatl or "Snake Woman" was a position that was always held by a man, and seems to have most important in the period around the conquest of Atzcapotzalco.
		The fact the Cihuacoatl was a female name (it's also the name of a goddess presiding over childbirth and fertility) indicates that it was probably meant to represent the female principle.
		I've seen it suggested that the Cihuacoatl represented the internal affairs of the tribe, such as civil custom and religion, while the Tlatoani represented the tribe in its external affairs, like war and alliances, and as such had the higher significance for Spanish observers who saw the Tlatoani as the leader of the tribe.
	www.ancientsites.com /aw/Post/296903 (509 words)

	Mothergoddesses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		She holds a rattle in her left hand and a serpent in her right.
		Cihuacoatl was not only a goddess's name but additionally the title of one of the highest ranking priests in the Aztec hierarchy.
		Cihuacoatl, is usually portrayed holding a child in her arms.
	www.missgien.net /faith/cihuacoatl.html (132 words)

	Cihuacoatl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Mimetic rituals of child sacrifice in the Hopi Kachina cult.
		Goddess, the ferocious Coatlicue and Cihuacoatl, and the beneficent Tonantzin, whose...
		Y le dijeron al emperador Moctezuma: --Se or, la diosa Cihuacoatl aparecer para anunciarnos la destrucci n de vuestro imperio...
	enciclopedia.cc /Cihuacoatl (410 words)

	Tradiciones.- Delegación Xochimilco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cihuacoatl, por otro nombre Coatlicue o Cihuacoatlicue, como lo dice Tezozomoc uniendo las dos palabras, era la madre de Huitzilopochtli.
		La principal diosa era la que llamaban Cihuacoatl, diosa de los Xochimilcas, México, Texcoco y en toda la tierra, la que festejaban y veneraba.
		La diosa Cihuacoatl era de piedra, tenía una boca muy grande, abierta en actitud de devorar y con los dientes separados.
	www.xochimilco.df.gob.mx /tradiciones/ferias/llorona.html (601 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Vibrant mural reflects culture
		Argueta said at first he was afraid the mural would frighten away the children who frequent his store in the west-side Guadalupe neighborhood.
		But the mural went ahead, and rather than depicting an evil spirit, its vibrant colors bring to life a different twist on the legend La Llorona's pre-Columbian predecessor, the Mayan Earth goddess Cihuacoatl.
		Cihuacoatl's bright red dress is full of the outline of faces, friends and family of the artists involved.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,595069916,00.html (462 words)

	MAN-LIKE GODS AND DEIFIED MEN IN MEXICAN COSMOLORE
		As patroness of childbirth, the midwives direct their speeches to the child-bearing women exhorting them to ask Cihuacoatl for help in their needs and to struggle like warriors in their efforts to give birth.
		As she was also the patroness of the sweathouse (temazcalli) the woman was taken there as a last resort and if dying finally left to die alone.
		Centuries later this aspect of Cihuacoatl merged with the well-known figure called La llorona who is heard wailing and crying for her lost child.
	folklore.ee /folklore/vol10/mexico.htm (13343 words)

	[No title]
		The most important advisor was the Cihuacoatl (“woman-serpent”) whose position was filled by a close family member that managed the day-to-day affairs of the empire.
		The Cihuacoatl was responsible for “handling official finances, organizing military campaigns, determining rewards for warriors, serving as supreme judge and acting as ruler during the emperor’s absence.”
		The council of four and the emperors Cihuacoatl advised the emperor on matters of diplomacy, while a council of elite warriors advise the emperor on matters of war.
	www.daviddfriedman.com /Academic/Course_Pages/legal_systems_very_different_05/final_papers_04/andrade_aztec_04.html (14198 words)

	Snakes in Mexico by Sheila Mayne
		From the Toltec serpent-god, Kukulcan, which creeps down the side of the Kukulcan Pyramid in Chichen-Itza, to the Aztec god of wisdom, Quetzalcóatl, manifested as a feathered serpent, the snake appears repeatedly in Mexican mythology.
		Some anthropologists have suggested that the patroness of Mexico, the Virgin of Guadalupe, is an incarnation of the snake goddess, Cihuacoatl (Snake Woman), upon whose sacred ground the Virgin was seen.
		She is smiling, looking strangely god-like: Is it Cihuacoatl, you wonder, or is it the sunlight playing tricks on you?
	www.texasescapes.com /FEATURES/Mexico/Mayne/snakes.htm (602 words)

	South American Realm of the Forgotten Goddesses
		Also known as Toci, "Our Grandmother", and known as Cihuacoatl, patron of women who die in childbirth.
		Cihuacoatl has transformed into modern Mexican culture as La Llorona, "The Weeping Woman", said to carry the body of a dead child and weep at night in city streets.
		Also known as Llamateuctli, "Leading Old Woman", who wore a two sided mask, one in front and another behind her head.
	inanna.virtualave.net /southamerican.html (2723 words)

	Texas Monthly September 2001: Texas History 101 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The other narrative revolves around Cihuacoatl, a protective spirit whom the gods had given powers of wisdom and augury.
		They went to tell their emperor, Moctezuma, that they'd heard Cihuacoatl, who had come to warn them of the impending doom about to befall the Aztecs.
		For many nights after, Cihuacoatl filled the night with her terrible, woeful cry.
	www.texasmonthly.com /mag/issues/2001-09-01/texashistory.php (754 words)

	[No title]
		Symbolically, the frightful countenance of the angry goddess' "Glory" also means DEFENSE (= shield of the hero in his conjunction with the goddess.) The same concept will be seen in the Gorgon-like T'ao T'ieh of the Chinese, which the leading authority Ananda Commaraswamy identifies with both the Kirttimukha and the Gorgonian or Medusa head.
		Indeed, even in the Americas one encounters the same underlying concept in rites of such Aztec goddesses as Cihuacoatl and Toci.
		That Cihuacoatl herself was the "example" - meaning the PROTOTYPE - is all we need to know to see the link between later commemorative or ritual practices and the ancient role of the goddess.
	www.kronia.com /thoth/ThotII20.txt (4483 words)

	Cuauhtlicalli
		Preserving most of the valley for farmland, the city spreads onto the mountainsides around the valley and even reaches within the mountains at certain points.
		The only buildings that lie on the valley floor are the vast temple to Huitzilopochtli and the Creation Palace of Cihuacoatl, the protector goddess of all childbirths.
		Its ramparts look out from the high points of the surrounding mountains and give a commanding view of the world around them.
	www.tlucretius.net /SpiritWarriors/CUAUHTLICALLI.htm (674 words)

	Realms of the Sacred in Daily Life: Early Written Records of Mesoamerica
		Among the significant historical figures recorded on the front side of the codex is Lady 3-Flint; the first two leaves of her account are shown above.
		Leaves 14-22 depict significant events in her life, including her progress through the priesthood to the high rank of Cihuacoatl (Woman Serpent).
		In the upper right-hand corner of leaf 14, she meets Lord 5-Flower, who is associated with celestial descent by his footsteps tracing back to a symbol representing the heavens.
	www.lib.uci.edu /libraries/exhibits/meso/mixtec2.html (661 words)

	Mexico: Quetzalcoatl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Usually, our current time was considered the fifth world, the previous four having been destroyed by flood, fire and the like.
		Quetzalcoatl allegedly went to Mictlan, the underworld, and created fifth world-mankind from the bones of the previous races (with the help of Cihuacoatl), using his own blood, from a wound in his penis, to imbue the bones with new life."
		According to one essay on the Web, "What is clear however is that the plumed serpent was a symbol of political power, and wherever he appeared carved in stone, signs of ritual human sacrifice would be found nearby.
	echoes.devin.com /watchers/quetzalcoatl.html (307 words)

	MeXico Heroes
		Tlacaelel was rumored to have been behind the poisoning of Tizoc.
		His title of Cihuacoatl was in his capacity as minister of internal affairs and is considered to be the most famous to hold that title.
		Tlacaelel held many titles but none as great as his historical title of master of the destiny of the Mexica.
	www.freewebs.com /tecpaocelotl/heroes.htm (566 words)

	Sister Stories - To the families (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After the birth, the midwife spoke to the women of the families of the newborn child:
		"Without sleep you have remained awaiting if possibly our mother Tonan, Cihuapilli, Cihuacoatl, Quilaztli would work, would labor; if possibly your daughter, our child, would take up, would use the shield, the small shield; if possibly she would give off, would cast out her heaviness, her pain; for it exacts a tribute of death.
		Certainly it is our mortality, we who are women, for it is our battle, for at this time our mother Tonan, Cihuacoatl, Quilaztli exacts the tribute of death."
	www.nyupress.org /sisterstories/calpulli/birth/to.the.families.html (276 words)

	Mictlantecuhtli - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in the Americas
		Quetzalcoatl falls in the pit dead, and the bones are broken and scattered - the reason why people are different sizes today.
		Quetzalcoatl eventually revives and retrieves the bones, and gives them to the goddess Cihuacoatl (Woman Serpent) who grinds the bones into a flour-like mixture and puts it into a special container.
		The gods are then able to gather around this container, shed drops of their own blood, & from the combination, spawn the peoples of today.
	www.deliriumsrealm.com /delirium/mythology/mictlantecuhtli.asp (349 words)

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