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	Cilappatikaram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cilappatikaram has many references to historical events and personalities, although it has not been accepted as a reliable source of history by many historians because of the inclusion of many exaggerated events and achievements to the ancient Tamil kings.
		The worship of Kannagi as an embodiment of chastity continues in the worship of Kannagi Amman, Bhagavathi Amman or Pattini Theyvam in Tamil Nadu, Kerla and Sri Lanka.
		It features an unusual praise of the Sun, the Moon, the river Kaveri and the city of Poompuhar at it's beginning, the contemporary tradition being to praise a deity.It is also considered to be a predecessor of the Nigandu lexicographic tradition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cilappatikaram (1298 words)

	Cilappatikaram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cilappatikaram (The Ankle Bracelet) also spelled as Silappadhikaram, is one of the five great epics of ancient Tamil Literature.
		The story is rooted in the ordinary lives of the early Tamils of the Pandyan Kingdom.
		Written at the end of the third ancient Tamil Sangam, Cilappatikaram is only one of three surviving Great-Poems.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Cilappatikaram (506 words)

	Tamil literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cilappatikaram is one of the outstanding works of general literature of this period.
		The Cilappatikaram is unique in its vivid portrayal of the ancient Tamil land is unknown in other works of this period.
		Cilappatikaram and its companion epic Manimekalai are Buddhist in philosophy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tamil_literature (3898 words)

	Sari - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A sari (also spelled saree) is a garment worn in special folds by a large number of women in India.Saree or Sari is anglicized Tamil word 'Selai' referd as early as in the oldest Tamil epic Cilappatikaram.
		It is usually 5-6 yard of unstiched cloth worn over a blouse that comes a little below the breastbone, and a petticoat as a lower garment beneath the drape.
		Parthasarathy, R. (1993) The Tale of an Anklet: An Epic of South India- The Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal, (Translations from the Asian Classics), Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1993.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Sari (1058 words)

	Murukan Cult in Cilappatikaram
		In Cilappatikaram there are references to Murukan temples present in the Chola and Pandya capitals, and some other famous temples of Lord Murukan are also mentioned in the epic.
		The mythology of Murukan's birth, his cock flag, mayil vehicle, his wife Valli, and the destruction of hill Krauncam are the later elements that mingle with the cult of Murukan.
		The mythology of Murukan's birth, his cock flag, mayil vehicle, his wife Valli and the destruction of the hill Krau&ntiled;cam are the later elements that mingle with the cult of Murukan.
	murugan.org /research/kanmani.htm (5516 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Puhar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The city, its port and the trade are fully described in the Sangam Literature and in the epics Cilappatikaram and Manimekalai.
		The general plan of the city of Puhar is described in considerable detail in the fifth book of Cilappatikaram.
		The town was built on the north banks of the river Kaveri near its mouth.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Puhar (821 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Silappadhikaram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cilappatikaram (The Ankle Bracelet - initial c pronounced like the first syllable of chat) also spelled as Cilappadhikaram or Silappadhigaram, is one of the five great epics of ancient Tamil Literature.
		Coupling this extraordinary rarity with rich cultural information makes Cilappatikaram irreplaceably valuable in understanding both modern and ancient South Indian thinking.
		The "Silappadhikaram" records that Urvasi was cursed by the sage Agasthya for her inadvertent behaviour towards Jayantha, the son of Indra, and was, in consequence, born as a courtesan, by name Madhavi, and her paramour born as a reed in the Malaya mountains.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Silappadhikaram (837 words)

	Silappadhikaram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cilappatikaram (The Ankle Bracelet) also spelled as Silappadhikaram, is one of thefive great epics of ancient Tamil Literature.
		Individual choices and purposes dominates the four moral lessons of shilappadikaram: Divine Law takes the form of death when a king abandons duty, all must bow before a faithful wife, the ways of fate are mysterious,and all actions are rewarded.
		Cilappatikaram was written between 200 - 300 AD.
	www.therfcc.org /silappadhikaram-378215.html (483 words)

	Cilappatikaram: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cilappatikaram (The Ankle Bracelet) also spelled as Cilappadhikaram or Silappadhigaram, EHandler: no quick summary.
		Cilappatikaram was written between 200[For more facts and a topic of this subject, click this link]-300[For more facts and a topic of this subject, click this link] AD.
		The Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal: An Epic of South India South India quick summary:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ci/cilappatikaram.htm (1650 words)

	Cult of Skanda-Murukan in ancient Tamil Nadu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		So, we see in Cilappatikaram, how the folk dances of vēlan veriyattu and kunrakkuravai are made subjects of ridicule when they are compared with prestigious Vedic forms of Kaumara worship; and we observe how royal forms of worship are introduced.
		In Cilappatikaram canto nine, there is a reference to the spear being worshipped, rather than the worship of a statue of Murukan.
		The Brahmin woman Malati carrying her departed son on her shoulders is reported to have been visiting the temples one after the other in turn; in the course of this mission she is mentioned as having gone to the temple of Vēl (Kanatiram Uraita Katai, line 11).
	www.murugan.org /research/ambikai.htm (4669 words)

	Bharatha Natyam - The Role of Dance Sculptures in Tamilnad - Padma Subrahmanyam
		The dance sculptures not only reveal the origin and evolution of the art in Tamilnad, but also show that the Tamils were free from all linguistic inhibitions in their endless quest for knowledge.
		Cilappatikaram is no exception to this.(4) The very titles, Bharatasenapatiyam (5) and Pancabharatiyam (6) mentioned as Tamil works in the commentary of Adiyarkunallar prove the recognition that Bharata enjoyed in Tamil country.
		A study of the karanas by the understanding of the literature concerned has got to be guided by the study of dance sculptures.
	www.tamilnation.org /culture/dance/padma.htm (3420 words)

	Welcome to Kuviyam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Poet Ilango as the author of 'cilappatikAram' had the necessary qualifications to erect an epic that stands as an edifice to Tamil cultural excellence.
		Madhavi the co-heroine of 'cilappatikAram' is introduced in the chapter on her debut in dance and Music -'arangkERRu kAdy.' in Canto Three.
		This classical dance form follows the rules laid down in the science of 'parataNAddijam.' At the end of each dance performed for a particular song, as per the program, the musicians sounded all their instruments together as a sort of a finale for each item of dance.
	www.kuviyam.com /scr/index.asp?pLang=E&pHead=20&pMenu=2&pMth=10&pIssue=34&pYr=4 (1629 words)

	righteous037 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cilappatikaram (The Anklet) also spelled as Cilappadhikaram or Silappadhigaram, is one of the five great epics of ancient Tamil Literature.
		Cilappatikaram was written towards the end of second century AD.
		The story is rooted in the ordinary lives of the early Tamils.
	righteous037.blogdrive.com (1610 words)

	The Pattini Cult in Lanka
		The origins of the Pattini cult are obscure and it appears in a developed form in the famous Tamil epic Cilappatikaram.
		In the days before Ilanko, Pattini was conceded a place in the pantheon of deities and worshipped by the Kuravar, a community confined to the hilly tracts of the Tamil country.
		This manual on the Pattini cult derives part of its materials from the Cilappatikaram and records the legends pertaining to the Conflicts between rival groups of maritime communities over trading rights and fisheries.
	www.pattini.org /pathmanathan.htm (625 words)

	Tamil Language & Literature - Mu Varadarajan
		One of the twin epics, the Cilappatikaram, bewitched the minds of many scholars.
		The author of the famous Tamil epic Cilappatikaram was a poet from Kerala.
		The shrine in honor of Kannaki, the heroine of Cilappatikaram, was built at Tiruvancikkulam in Kerala.
	www.tamilnation.org /books/Literature/varadarajan.htm (8890 words)

	AAS SAC Ramanujan Book Prize for Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Rajagopal Parthasarathy: Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal (The Tale of an Aklet): An Epic of South India (Columbia University Press, New York, 1993)
		The 1996 A.K. Ramanujan Prize is awarded to R. Parthasarathy for his translation of the Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal (The Tale of an Aklet): An Epic of South India, Columbia University Press, New York, 1993.
		The judges felt that this work merited the prize for a number of reasons, including the importance and beauty of the original work—an epic rich in literary, religious, and historical power and meaning; the care and accuracy of the scholarship imbedded in the translation; and the grace and inviting flow of the English translation.
	www.aasianst.org /book-prizes-ramanujan.htm (1771 words)

	Intamm - trade - Tamil Trade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		-XAVIER S. The evidence furnished by the Tamil Classics (the nine anthologies and the Cilappatikaram composed between the second century B.C. and before the end of the second century A.D.) for Tamil trade with the countries to the East and to the West, needs to be examined further.
		The Periplus says that condemned criminals were put to work at the pearl fisheries, and the Cilappatikaram states that a thousand gold smiths were sacrificed at Korkei in atonement for the miscarriage of Pandyan Justice when Kovalan was slain.
		These brief notes merely show that a closer study of the historical geography of the Tamil country during the classical period requires a comparative study of Tamil and Western texts, and that the one help in a better understanding of the other.
	www.intamm.com /trade/trade.htm (1947 words)

	Reviews 1995-2000
		[Cilappatikaram] The Tale of an Anklet: An Epic of South India.
		Since, according to George Hart at Berkeley, "The Cilappatikaram is to Tamil what the Iliad and Odyssey are to Greek - its importance would be difficult to overstate." The Cilappatikaram also teaches well in the States, the troubled relationship of Kovalan and brilliant Kannaki appealing to my students more than many of the Western epics.
		On the characters in Cilappatikåaram, ancient Tamil epic poetry, by Ilankåovaòtikaòl.
	www.auburn.edu /~downejm/reviews/1995-2000.htm (8870 words)

	Oxford Scholarship Online: Playing Host to Deity
		The festival of Kotunkalur, the ancient capital of Kerala, engages the worshipers with the Goddess of that region described in the Cilappatikaram epic as Kannaki.
		This Goddess is understood as temperamental, and demands erotic pleasure and blood sacrifices from her devotees.
		On the final day, a member of the ancient kingly lineage arrives and negotiates with the priests and the Nairs on behalf of the worshipers, and it is agreed that the temple will be reopened.
	www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/religion/0195140443/acprof-0195140443-chapter-4.html (227 words)

	[No title]
		• The Cilappatikaram - The Tale of an Anklet
		Winner of the 1995 Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation, this epic ranks with the Ramayana and the Mahabharata as one of the great classics of Indian literature and is presented for the first time in a landmark English verse translation.
		One of the world's masterpieces, the Cilappatikaram (5th century C E) is India's finest epic in a language other than Sanskrit.
	www.indiaclub.com /shop/AuthorSelect.asp?Author=Ilanko+Atikal (70 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal: An Epic of South India: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal: An Epic of South India
		"The Cilappatikaram is to Tamil what the Iliad and Odyssey are to Greek--its importance would be difficult to overstate....
		"The Cilappatikaram is to Tamil what the Iliad and Odyssey are to Greek -- its importance would be difficult to overstate....
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0231078498 (262 words)

	The Hindu : Book Review / Language Books : Anthology of literary essays
		In one of them, the three main objectives — the unjust would be punished, chaste women would be extolled and the destiny would fructify without fail — being the essence of the immortal epic, the Cilappatikaram have been highlighted.
		The last paper is a scholarly attempt to trace the literary sources quoted in the earliest available commentary on the Cilappatikaram.
		Republication or redissemination of the contents of this screen are expressly prohibited without the written consent of The Hindu
	www.hindu.com /br/2004/11/02/stories/2004110200031501.htm (280 words)

	The cult of Pattini or Kannakai Amman in Sri Lanka
		[6] The discrepancy between the description in the Cilappatikaram and the anatomical features of the two images concerned cannot be a valid argument against their identification as being representations of Pattini.
		As seen earlier, the Cilappatikaram of course says that Kannaki who was in a fit of rage over the death of her innocent husband, had torn off with her hands her left breast and cast it away with the curse that the city of Madurai should be burnt down.
		Besides, artisans who were living at Anuradhapura in medieval times could not be expected to have been very familiar with the text of the Cilappatikaram.
	www.pattini.org /pattini-pathmanathan.htm (1802 words)

	India - Gupta and Harsha
		By the mid-seventh century, Buddhism and Jainism began to decline as sectarian Hindu devotional cults of Shiva and Vishnu vigorously competed for popular support.
		Examples of Tamil literature include two major poems, Cilappatikaram (The Jewelled Anklet) and Manimekalai (The Jewelled Belt); the body of devotional literature of Shaivism and Vaishnavism--Hindu devotional movements; and the reworking of the Ramayana by Kamban in the twelfth century.
		A nationwide cultural synthesis had taken place with a minimum of common characteristics in the various regions of South Asia, but the process of cultural infusion and assimilation would continue to shape and influence India's history through the centuries.
	www.countrystudies.us /india/9.htm (917 words)

	Hail to the Heroic Lance: Murukan in Cilappatikaram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Synopsis: "Hail to the Heroic Lance: Murukan in Cilappatikaram"
		Murukan, one of the most widely celebrated deities of the Hindu pantheon, has enjoyed the love, admiration and patronage of the Tamils since the Sangam era.
		One cannot resist the temptation of feeling that Milton, who has been eulogised for his exemplary treatment of Greco-Roman mythology in a Christian epic, would have certainly learnt a valuable lesson or two if he had an occasion to know about the Tamil epic.
	murugan.org /events/2001_synopses/marudanayagam.htm (219 words)

	The Journal of the American Oriental Society: The Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal, An Epic of South India.(Review)@ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Journal of the American Oriental Society: The Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal, An Epic of South India.(Review)@ HighBeam Research
		The Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal, An Epic of South India.(Review)
		The Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal ("the Young Prince") is the earliest, major Tamil example of a kind of literature that is, or has become, pan-Indian.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:54772509&refid=ink_tptd_mag (220 words)

	Controversy over a statue
		A distinguished orator in Tamil, Karunanidhi used to draw heavily from Ilango Adigal's third century epic Cilappatikaram ("The Jewelled Anklet"), which has Kannagi as one of the major characters.
		He scripted the screenplay for Poompukar, a film based on the epic.
		In Cilappatikaram, Kovalan, a young merchant from Poompukar, the capital of the Chola kingdom, develops a romantic relationship with Madhavi, a courtesan, and leaves his wife Kannagi, an epitome of virtue.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1901/19010320.htm (1039 words)

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