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Topic: Cingulate gyrus

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	[No title]
		The posterior cingulate gyrus is richly interconnected with the superior parietal lobe (area 7) the parahippocampal (inferior) temporal and superior temporal lobe (area 22), frontal lobe, caudate, putamen, substantia nigra, pulvinar of the thalamus, and dorsal hypothalamus (Beleydier and Mauguiere 1980; recently reviewed in Devinksy et al.
		However, the posterior cingulate may also be involved in visual-spatial and memory-cognitive activities, particularly as relates to the body and movement -hence the interconnections with the superior parietal lobe and the parahippocampal gyrus.
		The myelination of the corticospinal tract coincides with the descent of the larynx, the myelinization and development of the amygdala and the amygdalafugal brainstem pathway, and later, the maturation of the cingulate gyrus and its pyramidal brainstem pathways (Debakan, 1970; Langworthy, 1937; Yakovlev and Lecours, 1967; Yakovlev, and Rakic, 1966).
	brainmind.com /Cingulate.html (6027 words)

	Roi Alphabetic index
		WOROI: 69 - Gyrus frontoinferior (Inferior frontal gyrus).
		WOROI: 262 - Gyrus temporalis transversus anterior (Anterior transverse temporal gyrus).
		WOROI: 263 - Gyrus temporalis transversus posterior (Posterior transverse temporal gyrus).
	hendrix.imm.dtu.dk /services/jerne/brede/index_roi_alphabetic.html (3640 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The cingulate gyrus is an arched convolution that lies next to the corpus callosum and is separated from it by the sulcus of the corpus callosum.
		It begins below the rostrum, curves around in front of the genu, extends along the trunk, and then turns downward behind the splenium of the corpus callosum, where it is connected by the narrow "isthmus of the cingulate gyrus" to the parahippocampal gyrus.
		It is separated from the "medial frontal gyrus" by the cingulate sulcus and from the "precuneus" by the more variable "suprasplenia sulcus." It has many connections with the anterior thalamic nuclei and is often considered to be part of the "limbic system."
	www.innerbody.com /text/nerv86-new.html (111 words)

	Brodmann
		Its approximate boundary on the medial aspect of the hemisphere is the cingulate sulcus and, on the lateral aspect, the inferior frontal sulcus.
		Approximate boundaries are the cingulate sulcus dorsally and the parieto-occipital sulcus caudally.
		Occupies the postcentral gyrus and the precentral gyrus between the ventrolateral extreme of the central sulcus and the depth of the lateral sulcus at the insula.
	spot.colorado.edu /~dubin/talks/brodmann/neuronames.html (2127 words)

	Efferent connections of the cingulate gyrus in the rhesus monkey. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Efferent cortical connections of the cingulate gyrus are investigated in rhesus monkey using autoradiographic technique.
		The results indicate that the rostralmost part of the cingulate gyrus (area 32) sends projections to the lateral prefrontal and midorbitofrontal cortex and to the rostral portion of the superior temporal gyrus.
		It seems that the connections of the rostralmost part of the cingulate gyrus resemble the efferent cortical connectional patterns described for lateral prefrontal and orbito-frontal cortex, whereas the projections of areas 24 and 23 are directed to the neocortical, the paralimbic and the limbic areas.
	www.brainmeta.com /neuroanat/a70.html (221 words)

	cingulat
		Usage: As the brain's maternal and childcare center, the cingulate gyrus mediates many of the nonverbal cues we give a.
		The cingulate gyrus is less tied to smell than is any other part of the limbic system, according to Paul MacLean, and has no counterpart in the reptilian brain.
		An area in the middle of the brain--the cingulate cortex--also responds strongly.
	members.aol.com /nonverbal3/cingulat.htm (550 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 826
		It is separated from the medial part of the superior frontal gyrus by the cingulate sulcus, and from the precuneus by the subparietal sulcus.
		The hippocampal gyrus (gyrus hippocampi) is bounded above by the hippocampal fissure, and below by the anterior part of the collateral fissure.
		The anterior extremity of the hippocampal gyrus is recurved in the form of a hook (uncus), which is separated from the apex of the temporal lobe by a slight fissure, the incisura temporalis.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page826.html (462 words)

	Activation of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus by 'Green Odor': A Positron Emission Tomography Study in the Monkey -- ...
		Activation of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus by 'Green Odor': A Positron Emission Tomography Study in the Monkey -- Sasabe et al.
		Activation of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus by ‘Green Odor’: A Positron Emission Tomography Study in the Monkey
		cingulate gyrus was activated by the odor of hexenol/hexenal.
	chemse.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/28/7/565 (480 words)

	[No title]
		Anterior cingulate gyrus: An area of the brain associated with motor control, pain perception, cognitive function and emotional arousal.
		Cingulate Gyrus: A cortical structure, part of the limbic system, that is directly over the corpus callosum along the medial side of each hemisphere.
		Gyrus (Plural, Gyri): Any rounded external part—bulge—of the convolutions on the cortex of the brain (as opposed to a valley).
	www.brainconnection.com /gen/gloss.html (12864 words)

	cingulate gyrus
		Cingulate gyrus is a gyrus in the medial part of the brain.
		The cortical part of the cingulate gyrus is referred to as cingulate cortex.
		The cingulate gyrus receives inputs from the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and the neocortex.
	www.icorrection.com /Ana-C/cingulate_gyrus.php (113 words)

	Cingulate Gyrus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cingulate gyrus: A broad belt of cortex partially encircling the corpus callosum.
		The cingulate gyrus forms the upper part of the limbic lobe and has extensive limbic connections, particularly in cortical circuits leading ultimately to or from the hippocampus.
		Cingulate sulcus: A more or less continuous, curved infolding of each cerebral hemisphere clearly demarcating the outer margin of the cingulate gyrus; posteriorly a branch (the marginal branch) ascends to the superior margin of the parietal lobe immediately behind the upper end of the central sulcus.
	members.cox.net /limbicsystem/cingulate.htm (85 words)

	OCF's Hoarding Web Site: The Neurobiology and Medication Treatment of Compulsive Hoarding
		The symptoms of the compulsive-hoarding syndrome may be mediated by diminished activity in several parts of the cingulate cortex, a structure on the midline surface of the brain.
		The cingulate cortex is connected with both the limbic system, the more primitive part of the brain that mediates emotional responses, and with the associative neocortex, which mediates higher-order cognition.
		The posterior cingulate cortex is involved in the monitoring of visual events, spatial orientation, memory, and processing of emotional stimuli.
	www.ocfoundation.org /1005/m110a_003.htm (2557 words)

	Differential Regional Atrophy of the Cingulate Gyrus in Alzheimer Disease: A Volumetric MRI Study -- Jones et al. 16 ...
		of the cingulate gyrus and subsequently to examine the regional
		Baleydier C and Mauguiere F. (1980) The duality of the cingulate gyrus in monkey.
		(1979) Thalamic and cortical afferents differentiate anterior from posterior cingulate cortex in the monkey.
	cercor.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/16/12/1701 (4390 words)

	Glossary of brain regions
		The anterior cingulate is a defined area of the cerebral cortex including parts of both the cingulate gyrus and the frontal lobe.
		fusiform gyrus: a gyrus in the temporal lobe.
		It is located primarily in the precentral gyrus and caudal portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus.
	www.memory-key.com /MemoryGuide/glossary_brain.htm (4012 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 1. Head and Neck
		The cingulate gyrus (25) is seen anterior and dorsal to the corpus callosum (3) on the medial surface of the hemisphere.
		The cingulate sulcus (24) delineates the boundary of the cingulate gyrus (25).
		Caudal to the central (rolandic) sulcus (5, 17) is the postcentral gyrus (16), the primary somatosensory (somesthetic) cortex.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /HumanAnatomy/1Section/08.shtml (490 words)

	GPP - Viewbook Page for Newman, John (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The anterior cingulate gyrus, in the frontal cerebral cortex, is an essential neural system for the expression of the primate isolation call, a structural and functional equivalent of the cry sounds of humans.
		Humans suffering infarct damage to this region likewise show an initial recovery in the form of short, faint, monosyllabic sounds, suggesting that the anterior cingulate gyrus of nonhuman primates is the evolutionary precursor of a neural structure involved in human affective expression and speech.
		Since the anterior cingulate region also has reciprocal connections with temporal lobe auditory cortex, a presumptive feedback pathway exists for registering commands to initiate vocalization with the temporal lobe cortex, which plays a major role in perceiving and decoding the acoustic details of species-specific vocalizations.
	gpp.nih.gov /Researchers/Members/NICHD/JohnNewman.htm (667 words)

	Surface Curve Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus defines the posterior border of the paracentral lobule, a medial region of the cerebrum that spans from the precentral to postcentral gyrus.
		A double parallel anterior cingulate sulcus is present when there are two sulci that are present, either adjacent to the superior rostral sulci or curving inferiorly and posteriorly near the genu of the callosum.
		The precuneus is bordered by the marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus anteriorally and the parieto-occipital sulcus posteriorally.
	www.loni.ucla.edu /~khayashi/Public/medial_surface (2672 words)

	Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
		Evaluation of the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate gyrus by proton MR spectroscopy in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder
		The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether or not the neuronal integrity in hippocampus and anterior cingulate gyrus is affected in PTSD as assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
		Changes in the metabolite ratios provide support for either neuronal dysfunction or neuronal loss both in the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate gyrus and may be associated with reduced neuronal integrity.
	www.dirjournal.org /text.php3?id=29 (2774 words)

	HyperBrain Syllabus Chapter 14
		The cingulate gyrus: The cortex adjacent to the corpus callosum is the cingulate gyrus (#4274, #4749).
		The parahippocampal gyrus: The parahippocampal gyrus is the most medial gyrus on the ventral surface of the temporal lobe (fig 14d).
		Axons from the cingulate gyrus form the cingulum (#4898, #4751), which goes to the parahippocampal gyrus and the entorhinal cortex, completing the circuit back to hippocampal formation.
	library.med.utah.edu /kw/hyperbrain/syllabus/syllabus14.html (2021 words)

	BRAINMAPS.ORG - BRAIN ATLAS, BRAIN MAPS, BRAIN STRUCTURE, NEUROINFORMATICS, BRAIN, STEREOTAXIC ATLAS, NEUROSCIENCE
		cingulum, cingulate sulcus, cingulate gyrus, corpus callosum, tenia tecta,
		CG, cingulate gyrus, CGS, cingulate sulcus, CC, corpus callosum,,
		CC, corpus callosum, CG, cingulate gyrus, CGS, cingulate sulcus, LV, lateral ventricle,
	brainmaps.org /index.php?q=cingulate (221 words)

	Cortical correlates of vestibulo-ocular reflex modulation: a PET study -- Naito et al. 126 (7): 1562 -- Brain
		fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, and cerebellar vermis and hemisphere.
		in the anterior insula, cingulate gyrus, inferior parietal lobule
		temporal gyrus (BA 20), pyramis of the cerebellar vermis, and
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/126/7/1562 (7508 words)

	Cingulate gyrus volumetry in drug free bipolar patients and patients treated with valproate or valproate and quetiapine.
		Cingulate gyrus volumetry in drug free bipolar patients and patients treated with valproate or valproate and quetiapine.
		Cingulate gyrus volumes included both cortex and white matter.
		Bookmark Cingulate gyrus volumetry in drug free bipolar patients and patients treated with valproate or valproate and quetiapine.
	counsellingresource.com /medications-research/2006/09/06/cingulate-gyrus-volumetry-in-drug-free-bipolar-patients-and-patients-treated-with-valproate-or-valproate-and-quetiapine (421 words)

	Geriatric
		Highly significant bilateral volume reductions in gray matter were observed in the anterior cingulate, the gyrus rectus, and the orbitofrontal cortex.
		Depressed patients also exhibited significant bilateral white matter volume reductions and significant CSF volume increases in the anterior cingulate and the gyrus rectus.
		Anterior Cingulate, Gyrus Rectus, and Orbitofrontal Abnormalities in Elderly Depressed Patients: An MRI-Based Parcellation of the Prefrontal Cortex.
	www.modern-psychiatry.com /geriatric.htm (944 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Cingulate Gyrus
		Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), White's team determined that soldiers in the high-symptom group consistently evidenced a pair of discrepancies in brain volume: Two regions, their cortex and rostral anterior cingulate gyrus were, on average, 5 percent and 6 percent smaller, respectively.
		Additionally, the rostral anterior cingulate gyrus an area related to logical thought was 6 percent smaller in the high-symptom group than in the low-symptom group.
		More surprisingly, however, strong responses were also found within the cingulate gyrus, an area not previously associated with face processing.These selective brain regions also seemed to be sensitive to the cues of identity, suggesting that they may also be involved in recognising individuals."Adults show large variations in how good they are at recognizing faces,...
	news.surfwax.com /anatomy/files/Cingulate_gyrus_anatomy.html (603 words)

	The Human Brain Conference 2002 - Speakers and Abstracts
		Although functional imaging refers to anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), it struggles with the notion that ACC is uniform.
		We present a four-region model of the cingulate gyrus and a modified Brodmann map.
		Areas 24a/23a are relatively undifferentiated, areas 24b/23b have a prominent layer Va and inner layer III, and areas 24/23c in the cingulate sulcus with thick layers II-III.
	www.thehumanbrain.org /Vogt.htm (626 words)

	[No title]
		The paraterminal gyrus is wedged between the septal nuclei and the anterior commissure.
		The mechanism of disease is not known but it manifests as an encephalitis that primarily involves the hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, insula, and orbital-frontal cortex.
		Another theory is that anxiety disorders result from failure of the anterior cingulate and hippocampus to modulate the activity of the amygdala.
	spinwarp.ucsd.edu /NeuroWeb/Text/br-800epi.htm (2797 words)

	Schizophrenia and the frontal lobes: Post-mortem stereological study of tissue volume -- HIGHLEY et al. 178 (4): 337 -- ...
		frontal gyrus, a composite of the inferior frontal gyrus and
		The inferior frontal gyrus is inferior to the
		the frontal lobe or of the anterior cingulate gyrus.
	bjp.rcpsych.org /cgi/content/full/178/4/337 (3892 words)

	Schizophrenia - Perigenual cingulate gyrus doesn't differ by gender in schiz...
		Perigenual cingulate gyrus morphology doesn't differ by gender in patients with schizotypal disorder, report neuropsychiatrists in Japan.
		"The purpose of this study was to examine the perigenual cingulate gyrus morphology in patients with schizotypal disorder."
		The researchers examined "volume of the gray and white matter of the perigenual cingulate gyrus in 26 patients with schizotypal disorder (14 males, 12 females) in comparison with 61 age- and...
	www.newsrx.com /issue_article/Health-and-Medicine-Week/2004-11-29/1129200433313365W.html (200 words)

	Morphology of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus in Patients With Schizophrenia: Relationship to Typical Neuroleptic Exposure ...
		Morphology of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus in Patients With Schizophrenia: Relationship to Typical Neuroleptic Exposure -- Kopelman et al.
		Morphology of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus in Patients With Schizophrenia: Relationship to Typical Neuroleptic Exposure
		Depth of the left anterior cingulate gyrus was significantly
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/abstract/162/10/1872 (285 words)

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