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Topic: Cinnamaldehyde

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Eugenol

Cinnamon

Cinnamic acid

Benzaldehyde

Vanillin

Acetaldehyde

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	Cinnamaldehyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Concentrated cinnamaldehyde is a skin irritant, and the chemical is toxic in large doses, but no agencies suspect the compound is a carcinogen or poses a long-term health hazard.
		Cinnamaldehyde is technically trans-cinnamaldehyde because the terminal carbonyl is on the opposite side of the arromatic ring over the rigid double bond.
		Cinnamaldehyde is also known as a corrosion inhibitor for steel and other ferrous alloys in corrosive fluids.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cinnamaldehyde (459 words)

	471. Cinnamaldehyde (WHO Food Additives Series 14)
		CINNAMALDEHYDE Explanation Cinnamaldehyde was reviewed at the eleventh meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, specifications were prepared, and a conditional acceptable daily intake for man (ADI) of 0-1.25 mg/kg bw was established (FAO/WHO, 1967; FAO/WHO, 1968).
		Since cinnamaldehyde is oxidized in vivo to cinnamic acid (Friedman & Mai, 1931; F.E.M.A., 1978), a consideration of the data on the toxicity and metabolism of cinnamic acid is pertinent to the evaluation of cinnamaldehyde.
		Intravenous administration of 2.7-44.4 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde to dogs invoked, primarily, a depressor response exhibiting an initial significant sharp fall in blood pressure for a short period.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v14je07.htm (1456 words)

	NTP: Executive Summary Cinnamaldehyde: Toxicological Effects
		Cinnamaldehyde reportedly caused the highest number of positive responses among the male miners and the male non-miners tested; 14 of the miners and 7 of the non-miners developing positive patch test results after 96 hours.
		Cinnamaldehyde induced 222 revertants at 0.5 mg/plate as compared to 146 in the control plates and 318 revertants (139 in the control) at 0.1 mg/plate in strain TA100 with and without metabolic activation, respectively (see Figure 1).
		Cinnamaldehyde was not found to affect body weight gain, reproductive ability, or the development and viability of offspring following administration of 2 mg on alternate days to two generations of rats for 223 and 210 days respectively [56].
	ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=03DD02A9-EC4B-A459-D4A01425A9E8A7C4 (3707 words)

	CINNAMALDEHYDE (3-PHENYL-2-PROPENAL)
		Cinnamaldehyde is obtained from the distillation with steam from the leaves and twigs of Cinnamomum.
		Cinnamaldehyde is also used as a fungicide or insecticide.
		Cinnamaldehyde is also used as a corrosion inhibitor in combination with additional components such as dispersing agents, solvents and other surfactants for steel and other ferrous alloys in corrosive fluids.
	www.chemicalland21.com /arokorhi/specialtychem/perchem/CINNAMALDEHYDE.htm (543 words)

	cinnamaldehyde Pesticide Petition Filing 8/98
		Cinnamaldehyde is classified as a GRAS substance for use as a flavoring agent on food (21 CFR 182.60) and was recently exempt from the requirement of a tolerance on mushrooms in response to an IR-4 petition (40 CFR 180.1156).
		Cinnamaldehyde residues in drinking water are expected to be minimal due to its low application rate and its expected rapid biodegradation in soil.
		Cinnamaldehyde is applied at low rates and with its proven low toxicity and its history of safe use, it does not pose a safety concern.
	pmep.cce.cornell.edu /profiles/fung-nemat/aceticacid-etridiazole/cinnamaldehyde/cinnam-pest-pet_898.html (1412 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0040091558
		For example, the cinnamaldehyde may be derived from cinnamon bark extracts (such as from bark and leaf), cassia leaf oil, cinnamomum cassia, cinnamon oils, cinnamal, cinnamyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
		The weight ratio of cinnamaldehyde to (i) sorbic acid or a salt thereof or (ii) erythorbic acid or a salt thereof is preferably from about 10:1 to about 0.1:1 and more preferably from about 5:1 to about 0.2:1.
		Q.sub.a is the concentration of cinnamaldehyde alone (in percent by weight) required to yield 100% retardation of the bacteria.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20040091558".PGNR.&OS=DN/20040091558&RS=DN/20040091558 (6815 words)

	CHAPTER 2
		Cinnamaldehyde is the major constituent and it is used mainly for flavouring cola-type drinks, with smaller amounts used in bakery products, sauces, confectionery and liqueurs.
		Another constituent of the oil which contributes to its aromatic character is cinnamaldehyde and for Sri Lankan oil a maximum level of 5 percent is specified.
		For cassia oil, cinnamaldehyde is the major constituent and a minimum content of 80 percent is specified in the ISO standard.
	www.fao.org /docrep/V5350E/V5350e04.htm (3447 words)

	EPA: Cinnamaldehyde (040506) Fact Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamic aldehyde) is the main component in cassia oil as well as cinnamon bark oil and is used in flavoring compounds to impart a cinnamon flavor.
		Cinnamaldehyde is Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the Flavoring Extract Manufacturers' Association and is approved for food use (21 CFR 182.60) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
		Because Cinnamaldehyde is not soluble in water and rapidly degraded in the soil it is not expected to pose any hazard to non-target organisms.
	www.epa.gov /pesticides/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/factsheet_040506.htm (1260 words)

	Cinnamon oil kills mosquitoes
		Other common essential oils, such as catnip, have shown similar promise in fighting off mosquitoes, but this is the first time researchers have demonstrated cinnamon’s potential as a safe and effective pesticide, according to Chang.
		Cinnamaldehyde is the main constituent in cinnamon leaf oil and is used worldwide as a food additive and flavoring agent.
		Bark oil from the Cinnamomum cassia tree is the most common source of cinnamaldehyde, but the tree used in this study — indigenous cinnamon, or Cinnamomum osmophloeum — has been of interest to researchers because the constituents of its leaf oil are similar to those of C. cassia bark oil.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-07/acs-ok071504.php (660 words)

	How safe is cinnamon spice?
		In addition, cinnamaldehyde is used as a preservative for herbal remedies, and people of Middle Eastern origin use cinnamon sticks - whole pieces of bark from cinnamon trees in Sri Lanka - to flavor their tea.
		Cinnamaldehyde is now one of many flavoring agents under review by the European Union's Scientific Committee on Food, which is responsible for advising the new European Food Safety Authority.
		Ironically, the toxic effects of cinnamaldehyde appear to be due to its ability to bind directly to aldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme needed for its destruction.
	www.vaccinationnews.com /DailyNews/November2002/HowSafe22.htm (710 words)

	Synthesis of Allylbenzene from Cinnamaldehyde - [www.rhodium.ws] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Cinnamaldehyde can also be had by the reduction of cinnamic acid or the oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol.
		, boasts a 95% yield (85% isolated) of allylbenzene from cinnamaldehyde tosylhydrazone.
		Mix 130ml of Cinnamaldehyde and 260ml of 95% ethanol in a 1L RB flask equipped with a reflux condenser.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/cinnamaldehyde.html (1073 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The skin sensitization frequently reported for cinnamaldehyde is probably initiated by reaction of the aldehyde functional group with amino groups on proteins.
		Alpha-substituted cinnamaldehydes, to which skin sensitization is uncommon, react very slowly or not at all with amines in comparison with cinnamaldehyde.
		Some cinnamaldehyde becomes incorporated into lignin but cinnamaldehyde (either free or as glycosides) also accumulates to above-normal levels, particularly at times when the biosynthesis of cinnamic acid is elevated.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=98/27812.981022&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (12439 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Cinnamaldehyde; Exemption from the Requirement of a Tolerance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Cinnamaldehyde is also minimally toxic via the inhalation route, since the LC50 is greater than 2.09 mg/L. Cinnamaldehyde is a mild skin and eye irritant.
		Cinnamaldehyde residues in drinking water are expected to be minimal due to its low application rate, expected rapid [[Page 7803]] biodegradation in soil, and its insolubility in water.
		Cinnamaldehyde (3-phenyl-2-propenal) is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all food commodities, when used as a fungicide, insecticide, and algaecide in accordance with good agricultual practices.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1999/February/Day-17/p3663.htm (2315 words)

	Inhibitory activity of Cinnamomum cassia bark-derived component against rat lens aldose reductase.
		The IC values of cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, and eugenol were determined to be 0.003, 0.38, >0.5, and >0.5 mg/mL, respectively.
		In this study, cinnamaldehyde has been identified as a lead compound for treatment of diabetic complications, although the inhibitory activity of cinnamaldehyde was lower than that of quercitrin.
		Cinnamaldehyde was approved with a conditional acceptable daily intake for man (ADI) of 1.25 mg/kg by FDA/WHO (16).
	www.ualberta.ca /~csps/JPPS5(3)/H.Lee/cinnamoumum.htm (2444 words)

	CINNAMON OIL KILLS MOSQUITOES - DirtDoctor.com - Howard Garrett - The Dirt Doctor
		All four compounds had LC50 values of less than 50 parts per million (ppm), with cinnamaldehyde showing the strongest activity at an LC50 of 29 ppm.
		A formulation using the compound could be sprayed just like a pesticide, but without the potential for adverse health effects - plus the added bonus of a pleasant smell.
		Bark oil from the Cinnamomum cassia tree is the most common source of cinnamaldehyde, but the tree used in this study - indigenous cinnamon, or Cinnamomum osmophloeum - has been of interest to researchers because the constituents of its leaf oil are similar to those of C.
	www.dirtdoctor.com /view_org_research.php?id=26 (568 words)

	cinnamon some questions discussed2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		There was a certain degree of cross-reactivity between cinnamald hyde, cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamic acid as animals sensitised to cinnamald hyde reacted to the challenge with the three substances.
		Compared to the challenge concentration for cinnamaldehyde, approximately a 15 times higher concentration of cinnamyl alcohol and a 25 times higher concentration of cinnamic acid were required to give positive reactions in animals sensitised to cinnamaldehyde.
		The study suggests that cinnamaldehyde is the "true" allergen, while cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamic acid are transformed in the skin to cinnamaldehyde, before contact allergic reactions can occur.
	www.aromarich.btinternet.co.uk /cinnamon2.html (544 words)

	Chromatography Forum
		My basic method is that I introduce a small quantity of cinnamaldehyde, 10uls into an empty vial, sample and record peak area.
		What has happened recently is that I notice a large increase, almost double, in cinnamaldehyde peak area for the mineral sample relative to 10uls neat in vial.
		Either, being dispersed on the mineral, the cinnamaldehyde has more surface area exposed to the headspace, and this results in increased concentration.
	www.lcresources.com /discus/messages/5134/3342.html?TuesdayJuly620040406am (437 words)

	Lashdaf: Preparation and Characterisation of Supported Palladium, Platinum and Ruthenium Catalysts for Cinnamaldehyde ...
		The catalytic properties of the catalysts were studied in cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation.
		Palladium catalysts were more active than ruthenium and platinum catalysts, and the palladium catalysts prepared by ALE showed the highest initial activity in cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation because of the small particle size of metals obtained by ALE.
		The adsorption of cinnamaldehyde was preferably via the C=C bond on palladium catalysts, via the C=C and C=O bonds on ruthenium and via the C=O bond on platinum catalysts.
	lib.tkk.fi /Diss/2004/isbn9512272571 (714 words)

	Colorimetric Method for Identifying Plant Essential Oil Components That Affect Biofilm Formation and Structure -- Niu ...
		Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and citronellol were diluted in methanol
		Effects of cinnamaldehyde (a), eugenol (b), and citronellol (c) on the specific growth rate of E.
		Effects of cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and citronellol on E.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/12/6951 (3376 words)

	Mechanisms of Bactericidal Action of Cinnamaldehyde against Listeria monocytogenes and of Eugenol against L. ...
		monocytogenes with 5 mM eugenol, 40 mM cinnamaldehyde, or
		evidence for eugenol and cinnamaldehyde is contradictory, and
		Treatment with 40 mM cinnamaldehyde was observed to have an
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/10/5750 (3669 words)

	CINNAMON OIL KILLS MOSQUITOES BETTER THEN DEET
		Four compounds cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl acetate, eugenol and anethole exhibited the strongest activity against A. aegypti in 24 hours of testing, Chang says.
		A formulation using the compound could be sprayed just like a pesticide, but without the potential for adverse health effects plus the added bonus of a pleasant smell.
		Bark oil from the Cinnamomum cassia tree is the most common source of cinnamaldehyde, but the tree used in this study indigenous cinnamon, or Cinnamomum osmophloeum has been of interest to researchers because the constituents of its leaf oil are similar to those of C. cassia bark oil.
	www.ecomall.com /greenshopping/cinnamonoil.htm (609 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Candida is inhibited by cinnamon bark or cinnamaldehyde (in vitro).
		Relative sensitivity suggests that cinnamaldehyde is the "true" allergen, while the others are transformed in the skin to cinnamaldehyde Weibel 1989
		Cinnamaldehyde analysis by CS-930 TLC scanner of cinnamon bark [Article in Chinese] Liu 1992
	www.herbmed.org /viewherb.asp?varHerb_ID=96 (3144 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		They hydrogenation, employing hydrogen gas, of cinnamaldehyde was performed using Pd-fl and Raney Ni catalysis at 298 K in a water-cooled (jacketed) reaction vessel.
		A kinetic modeling of the data revealed that cinnamaldehyde was both hydrogenated to the final product benzene propanal, as well as a fraction being converted to the intermediate benzene propanal, where the latter was subsequently hydrogenated to benzene propanal.
		Comparing the ultrasound-assisted and blank (stirred) experiments revealed that a higher maximum relative concentration of intermediate benzene propanal was formed in the ultrasound experiments compared to the stirred experiment.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=859952 (284 words)

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