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Topic: Cipangu

	Cipangu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cipangu, or variations thereof (Cipango, etc...), was the name used for Japan in Europe during the Middle Ages.
		Cipangu was first mentioned in Europe in the accounts of the travels of Marco Polo.
		Following the accounts of Marco Polo, Cipangu was thought to be fabulously rich in silver and gold, which in Medieval times was largely correct, owing to the volcanism of the islands and the possibility to access precious ores without resorting to (unavailable) deep-mining technologies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cipangu (159 words)

	Slide #258 Monograph
		Since in addition, Cipangu [Japan], in accordance with Marco Polo's report, is placed some 25° off the coast of China on the tropic of Cancer, and the Cape Verde Islands are shown as extending to 30° west of the Lisbon meridian, the distance between them remaining to be navigated is virtually annihilated.
		The general outline is not unlike that of the Genoese map of 1457 (Slide #248); it is also evident that later cartographers, e.g., Contarini (Slide #308) and Waldseemüller (Slide #312) drew on a source common to Behaim for the features of the Indian Ocean and eastern Asia.
		Cipangu is the most noble and richest island in the east, full of spices and precious stones.
	www.henry-davis.com /MAPS/LMwebpages/258mono.html (8527 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Cipangu was one of the more than 7,000 island Marco Polo had described off the coast of Asia, an archipelago so large that it had the effect of extending the land mass of Asia a good 30 degrees farther East than by earlier calculations.
		He figured that Cipangu must be around 28 degrees latitude which would make it 2,400 miles due west on a 270 degree course at a speed of four knots, therefore he could arrive at Cipangu in three weeks.
		From Marco Polo's description, the mainland should have been to the west of Cipangu, however the islanders that Columbus interrogated, signaled that there was a king to the south who had "great vessels" and "possessed a lot".
	muweb.millersville.edu /~columbus/data/cwk/SENSEN01.CWK (2788 words)

	Slide #256 Monograph
		These maps depicted graphically the theory that Cipangu [Japan] was but 3,500 miles (5,635 kilometers) westward, and only 1,500 miles (2,415 kilometers) further lay the shores of Cathay [China].
		The Martellus map in the British Museum is less than 20 inches (50 cm) from west to east, and is on a scale one-quarter that of the Yale map.
		They all omitted Cipangu but he found a separate map of Cipangu in a codex which had the same outlines as those in the Behaim globe of 1492.
	www.henry-davis.com /MAPS/LMwebpages/256mono.html (5472 words)

	Voyage to Cipangu
		Cipangu (pronounced Chi-pon-gu) is the name given to the island of Japan by Marco Polo in his journals.
		As the introduction on the rules sheet quotes, Marco Polo described Cipangu as a land "...abounding in gold and producing vast quantities of the largest and finest pearls, together with a variety of precious stones, so that, in fact, it abounds in riches".
		Each player is sending their sailing ship out into the uncharted ocean in an attempt to find the riches of Cipangu, and other smaller islands, and return them to their home port.
	www.boardgamegeek.com /game/12329 (623 words)

	John Cabot
		Although both silk and brazil-wood could be obtained there, he intended on his next voyage to follow the coast southward as far as Cipangu or Japan, then placed near the equator.
		Henry VII was delighted, and besides granting Cabot a pension of £20 promised him in the spring a fleet of ten ships with which to sail to Cipangu.
		On the 3rd of February 1498, fresh letters patent were issued, whereby Cabot was empowered to "take at his pleasure VI englisshe shippes and theym convey and lede to the londe and iles of late founde by the seid John." Henry VII himself also advanced considerable sums of money to various members of the expedition.
	www.nndb.com /people/679/000095394 (1264 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Between 1600 and 1892 leading historians accepted the thesis that Columbus was looking for some portion of Asia, such as Cipangu or Cathay, or both, and that America was his by chance.
		As a result of his wrong calculation, he estimated the distance between the Canaries and Cipangu to be about 2,500 miles, a figure which expresses the approximate distance between the island and the West Indies.
		All made Cathay (China) a land of intense interest; similarly, the great island of Cipangu (Japan), lying a 1,000 miles further to the eastward, though never actually visited by Marco Polo, and described by him, was of equally keen interest.
	muweb.millersville.edu /~columbus/data/geo/ODLCASE1.GEO (6094 words)

	Marco Polo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On the other hand, Marco describes other aspects of Far Eastern life in much detail: paper money, the Grand Canal, the structure of a Mongol army, tigers, the Imperial postal system.
		He also refers to Japan by its Chinese name "Zipang" or Cipangu.
		This is usually considered the first mention of Japan in Western literature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marco_Polo (1827 words)

	Eburacum PBEM - The Players.
		He was now seeing Jesus with him all the time, but not encouraging him, but mocking him for failing to find the white falls that he was sent out to find.
		In 562 AD, he came to Cipangu, and there, guided by visions of Jesus Christ, he came upon an Odaichi sword inside the Shiraito-no-taiki.
		After leaving the falls with the sword he collapsed, and fought exotic demons with the sword in a nightmare from hell.
	members.optusnet.com.au /~mkgregory/eburacum/kyrillos.html (3112 words)

	Quests of the Dragon and Bird Clan: Saturday, February 12, 2005
		Mapmakers tended to show Cipangu as a vast island covering sometimes more than 30 degrees of latitude from near the equator to 35 degrees north or more.
		Furthermore Cipangu was shown always in the "Indian Ocean" usually off the coast of Champa, or off the coast between Champa and Manzi.
		This shows quite clearly that the explorer believed Cipangu was located in the tropics although he greatly underestimated its distance to the West.
	sambali.blogspot.com /2005_02_12_sambali_archive.html (1879 words)

	Japan - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The English word for Japan came to the west from early trade routes.
		However, the Cantonese word for Japan, from which the word Japan was probably originally born, is Jatbun.
		Though Nippon or Nihon are still by far the most popular names from Japan within the country, recently the words Japan and even Jipangu (from Cipangu) have been used in Japanese mostly for the purpose of foreign branding.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /japan.htm (3973 words)

	SPtemplate
		In her first months here she had sometimes dreamed of finding something of such value that her Duty would be to return to Cipangu and report it straight away – if there could only be such a pearl of sufficient price to buy her old life back.
		But to walk down a street in Cipangu again, to hear familiar voices, to be ignored or noticed only as any other citizen – that was what she had dreamed of.
		Almost the last thing she had done before leaving Cipangu had been an afternoon with a bespectacled young scientist, whose exact job was never explained to her.
	spontoon.rootoon.com /SPwOhaS6.html (3086 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		On this map Cipangu is placed 3,080 nautical miles from the Canaries.
		Columbus, to the day of his death, constantly thought himself in Asiatic lands.(13) His determination of the location of Japan is a case in point.
		At first he thought Cuba must be Cipangu, but when his diplomatic emissaries - complete with Jewish interpreter knowing Hebrew, Chaldee, and Arabic - could find nothing but mean little native towns, he was forced to look further.
	muweb.millersville.edu /~columbus/data/art/WASHBR08.ART (6013 words)

	The Maryland Center for Civic Education :: Lesson Plans
		I did not realize that Cipangu was so close to the land of Marco Polo because the shorelines are only separated by a few miles.
		I asked about the great cities, spices, and leaders of the region but the natives kept talking about a powerful enemy, called the Susquehannocks, which are located further to the north.
		I told them that I had to leave them for now and set out to find Cipangu, but I told them not be surprised if some other Catholics might venture along and meet with them some day.
	www.marylandciviceducation.org /lessons/columbus.htm (3274 words)

	Pyramid: Terra Incognita: Jenner-1 -- A Plague On Both Your Houses
		While the small size of the islands suggested he was in the outlying portion of Asia, the handsome stone houses, fine horses, and odd triangular coins of the natives gave him every reason to believe he'd reached his destination.
		Several rounds of charades and a local guide later, he was sailing south to a long, large island he had no doubt was Cipangu.
		He proclaimed his discovery of Cipangu in a letter to the Ferdinand and Isabella, which he sent to Madrid along with "Cipangan" goods and a half-dozen willing natives upon his fleet's return to Palos, Spain in February.
	www.sjgames.com /pyramid/sample.html?id=5034 (3161 words)

	Athena Review 1,3: First Voyage of Columbus
		The next day, still believing they were near Cipangu (Japan), Columbus sent two of his men inland with Taino guides to search for the local chief and sources of spice.
		they spoke of Cipangu, which they call Cibao, [declaring] that there was a great quantity of gold there, and that the cacique carries banners of beaten gold, but that it is very far to the east.
		Thus Columbus continued to believe he was near the fabled land previously reported by Marco Polo.
	www.athenapub.com /coluvoy1.htm (3795 words)

	1325 in Translation: Ciluba
		Dipangadika dya Cipangu cya ntalaja Matunga dya 1325
		Cipangu cya ntalaja matunga cya Bisamba Bisanga civwa cyakula bwa musangu wa kumpala bwalu budi butangila "bakaji, bupola ne ditalaja" ku cimenga cya New-York mu matuku 24 ne 25 a kaswa mansense ka cidimu cya 2000.
		Dipangadika diine dya Cipangu cya ntalaja matunga ndyedi :
	www.peacewomen.org /1325inTranslation/Ciluba.html (931 words)

	Quests of the Dragon and Bird Clan: Sunday, February 13, 2005
		Why Cipangu is portrayed as one massive island though is puzzling.
		Columbus apparently thought that Cipangu, his El Dorado, lie at about 19 degrees North latitude while Magellan was headed for his land of gold at 13 degrees North.
		About a century earlier, Zheng He was preparing for his great treasure voyages but not before trying to subdue the kingdom of Lusung to the southeast.
	sambali.blogspot.com /2005_02_13_sambali_archive.html (586 words)

	Journal publication example
		The Polos (3) traveled 7,000 miles eastward to reach Cipangu, and the Indies lay another 3,000 miles east of Cipangu.
		Were further penetration made of these Indies, the Asiatic continent and Cipangu should be soon discovered as well as of diverse precious metals.
		A subject for further observation and testing concerns the slow eastward shifting of magnetic north as passage was made in both directions: the more westward the site of measurement, the more the magnetic pole declines from Polaris.
	www.science-projects.com /columbus.htm (1333 words)

	By Accident
		He also thought Asia was much larger than it really is; about that he was wrong.
		He sailed westward, to reach Cipangu (Japan) and Cathay (China), armed with letters from his royal patrons.
		He died in 1506, one year before the name of a new continent, "America," first appeared on a map.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/magazine/millennium/m1/lukacs.html (563 words)

	Japan information from Answerbag
		Lumberjack: Cipangu sounds like a Mongolian word, which would make sense since the Mongols (Yuan) were in power then.
		Actually Japan is merely the Western name for the country, brought back by Portuguese traders in the 16th century, by way of Marco Polo's "Cipangu".
		Japan is known to its inhabitants as Nippon or Nihon, literally translated as "the origin of the sun" and historically mistranslated as "the land of the rising sun".
	www.answerbag.com /c_view.php?id=158 (1946 words)

	De Orbe Novo, Volume 1 (of 2) - The Eight Decades of Peter Martyr D'Anghera by Trans. by Francis Augustus MacNutt eBook ...
		We have already said that Quizqueia and Haiti are the ancient names of the island.
		Some natives also call the island Cipangu, from the name of a mountain range rich in gold.
		In the beginning the Spaniards called the island Isabella after the Queen Isabella, taking this name from the first colony they founded there.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/12425/225.html (516 words)

	USAGI YOJIMBO Volume 3, Number 17
		In English, we use a corruption of the Chinese form, which is something like Jih-pon.
		At any rate, many European voyages to the East were in search of Cipangu, and even Columbus hoped to find Cipangu, as well as the East Indies, by going West.
		Thus, the English word Japan is just a voiced, shortened form of Cipangu, brought to us from the Chinese through the Venetian, Marco Polo.
	www.usagiyojimbo.com /other/comics/uy-vol3-nr17.html (512 words)

	Names_of_Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Malay word for Japan, Japang, was borrowed from a Chinese language (possibly an earlier version of the modern Cantonese word yahtbun), and this Malay word was encountered by Portuguese traders in Malacca in the 16th century.
		Though Nippon or Nihon are still by far the most popular names from Japan within the country, recently the foreign words Japan and even Jipangu (from Cipangu, see below) have been used in Japanese mostly for the purpose of foreign branding.
		Jipangu (ã¸ã‘ã³ã°) is an obfuscated name for Japan that has recently come into vogue for Japanese movies, animes, video games, etc. As mentioned above, the English word "Japan" has a circuitous derivation; but linguists believe it derives in part from the Portuguese recording of the early Mandarin Chinese word for Japan: Cipangu.
	www.buyitfast.org /q/Names_of_Japan (1000 words)

	Exploring the West from Monticello: Introduction
		Most of these men knew that the distance to the nearest point in Asia-believed to be Cipangu (the island of Japan)--was too far for the sailing ships of their day.
		However, ongoing debate over the true distance to the Orient encouraged Christopher Columbus in his belief that it was only 2,400 miles to Cipangu.
		After being rebuffed at many European courts, Columbus persuaded the sovereigns of Spain to sponsor his voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492.
	www.lib.virginia.edu /small/exhibits/lewis_clark/exploring/intro.html (1002 words)

	Heath Anthology of American Literature- Author Page
		Accurate estimates of Indian populations before Columbus arrived continue to elude historians, but the destruction of up to four-fifths of the original population of Hispaniola in Columbus’s lifetime provides an essential starting point for any reading of his written representations of Indians.
		Columbus failed in his quest to discover a western route to the fabled riches of India or Cipangu (Japan) but his first voyage laid the foundation for Spanish control of potentially rich territories.
		Establishing an enduring link between the politics of empire and the written accounts of explorers, the Spanish monarchs published excerpts from the journals along with a letter from Columbus, composed during his return trip, to publicly authenticate their claims in the Caribbean.
	college.hmco.com /english/lauter/heath/4e/students/author_pages/colonial/columbus_ch.html (803 words)

	Aviea takes Taichuko, Cipangu. prepares to invade Neokyomori [Archive] - jolt.co.uk public forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Since Neokyomori is rich in natural resources, the Kaiser has decided that the best course of action would be to conquer the asian country and claim it's resources for Aviea.
		Aviean troops have already been dropped off on the beaches of Taichuko and Cipangu, two islands off the coast of Neokyomori, via amphibious landing craft.
		The Aviean Kreigsmarine has deployed it's U-boats to disrupt shipping to and from Neokyomori and to prevent reinforcments from the Neokyomori mainland from reaching the two islands.
	forums.jolt.co.uk /archive/index.php/t-288641.html (301 words)

	Here Be Monsters
		The author had described Cipangu as a great land-mass off the coast of Cathay, where Marco Polo had lived with the powerful Khan.
		He has killed my companions because I alone am worthy to do this work; the glory will be given only to me!" He raised his suddenly sparkling blue eyes to the heavens, grinning broadly, and imagined his triumphant return to Europe as the discoverer of new lands and great treasures.
		He decided that it must be a mountain peak, for he could see it resolving slowly into the triangular shape of a mountain as he moved closer and closer.
	home.swbell.net /owwalker/Monsters.htm (5101 words)

	Baylor University \|\| Truett Journal of Church and Missions \|\| Cuba--With the Blows of the Cross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The influences of Spain and Cuba's northern neighbor, the United States, made such Cuban responses as revolution and Santeria inevitable.
		Christopher Columbus and the Niña, Pinta, and Santa María set out for the East Indies and Marco Polo's Cipangu (Japan), rumored to offer wealth beyond imagining, with the weight of Spain's Ferdinand and Isabella and papal authority behind them.
		Instead of finding Polo's Cipangu or the land of the Great Khan, to whom he carried a letter, Columbus found the Caribbean and called the islands the "West Indies." Cuba, called "Colba" by locals, was one such island.
	www.baylor.edu /truett/journal/index.php?id=29073 (777 words)

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