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Topic: Circadian rhythm

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	Circadian Rhythm \| Circadian Rhythms \| Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
		Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are disruptions of the natural biological cycles that control how people are attuned to night and day.
		The circadian "clock" in humans is located mainly in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is a group of cells located in the hypothalamus (a portion of the brain).
		Circadian rhythms are important in determining human sleeping patterns.
	www.sleepdisordersguide.com /circadian-rhythms.html (497 words)

	Circadian rhythm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Circadian rhythms are important in determining the sleeping and feeding patterns of all animals, including human beings.
		Circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells to provide protection for replicating DNA, from high ultraviolet radiation during day-time.
		The simplest known circadian clock is that of the prokaryotic cyanobacteria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Circadian_rhythm (1463 words)

	Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology-Northwestern University
		Circadian rhythms help coordinate the timing of our internal bodily functions, including sleep, as well as our interactions with the external world.
		While the class of biological rhythms that represents the main focus of the Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology is that with a period of about 24 hrs (i.e.
		The pharmaceutical industry is now investigating the importance of circadian rhythms for the timing of drug delivery and is interested in developing drugs that could affect the circadian clock of humans, as well as agricultural plants and animals.
	www.northwestern.edu /cscb/about.html (442 words)

	Circadian Rhythm
		The circadian rhythm refers to the endogenous internal clock controlling many biological functions having a periodicity of about “circa” a day “dies” free-running rhythms observed show that, without external influence, the natural free running cycle (see graph below) is slightly over 24 hours.
		The persistence of these rhythms in constant conditions of either light or dark indicate a self sustaining internal generation of rhythm, however the circadian rhythm may be synchronized or shifted by other influences.
		During normal sleep, an episode of sleep is preceeded by a circadian induced drop in body temperature, combined with a peaking of melatonin secretion as a result of reduced light input to the SCN.
	www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk /studentwebs/session3/31/circadianrhythm.htm (529 words)

	circadian rhythm – FREE circadian rhythm Information \| Encyclopedia.com: Facts, Pictures, Information!
		Circadian Rhythms in Neurospora crassa: Clock Mutant Effects in the Absence of a frq-Based Oscillator
		The circadian rhythm was analyzed by chronobiological measures...
		A Dictionary of Zoology circadian rhythm The approximately 24-hourly pattern of...
	encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-X-circadia.html (736 words)

	Terms of Circadian Rhythm (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Circadian axis is a name for a group of body parts comprised of the retinas, the pineal complex (of which the pineal gland is a photoreceptor, a circadian oscillator, and produces melatonin) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which is located in the region of the brain called the hypothalamus.
		A phase response curve is the direction and the amount of shifting of an organism's circadian rhythms plotted on the "y-axis" and the specific environmental cue the organism is exposed to being plotted on the "x-axis".
		Rhythm desynchronization and rhythm disruption are the result of a living system's physiological rhythms being out of sync with the environmental cycles.
	colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en507/papers_1999/lanier.html (2914 words)

	Discovery: Experiments Confirm Novel Eye Pigment Controls Circadian Rhythm
		Cryptochromes enable animals and humans to synchronize their circadian clocks by absorbing blue light and transferring the light signal through the optic nerve to a different part of the brain from the center for vision.
		However, because pigments for vision and circadian clocks occur in different parts of the retina, some blind people who have lost the part of the retina containing opsins still retain the cryptochrome region and maintain normal circadian rhythm.
		Jet lag follows the discrepancy between local time and a passenger's circadian time, which was in tune with the day and night cycle of the departure point.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-11/UoNC-DECN-191198.php (815 words)

	Sleep and Circadian Rhythms
		Circadian rhythms are regular changes in mental and physical characteristics that occur in the course of a day (circadian is Latin for "around a day").
		Most circadian rhythms are controlled by the body’s biological "clock." This clock, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus or SCN, is actually a pair of pinhead-sized brain structures that together contain about 20,000 neurons.
		Circadian rhythms can be affected to some degree by almost any kind of external time cue, such as the beeping of your alarm clock, the clatter of a garbage truck, or the timing of your meals.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/922567322.html (728 words)

	Circadian Rhythm Disorders
		Circadian rhythm disorders are disruptions in a person’s circadian rhythm—a name given to the "internal body clock" that regulates the (approximately) 24-hour cycle of biological processes in animals and plants.
		Circadian rhythms are important in determining human sleeping patterns.
		Circadian rhythm disorders are treated based on the kind of disorder that is present.
	clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/3700/3712.asp?index=12115 (485 words)

	Circadian Rhythm Disorders, Sleep, THE MERCK MANUAL OF HEALTH & AGING
		Circadian rhythm disorders are disruptions of the natural biological cycles that control how people are attuned to night and day.
		Most people function on a circadian rhythm of about 24 hours, which is controlled by the internal biological clock in the brain.
		Advanced sleep phase syndrome is a circadian rhythm disorder in which people fall asleep earlier in the evening and wake up earlier in the morning than they would like; it is common among older people.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual_ha/sec3/ch31/ch31g.html (415 words)

	Circadian rhythm sleep disorder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are a family of sleep disorders affecting the timing of sleep.
		Humans have biological rhythms, known as circadian rhythms, which are controlled by a biological clock and work on a daily time scale.
		Persistent circadian rhythm sleep disorders such as DSPS are believed to be caused by a reduced ability to reset the sleep/wake cycle in response to environmental time cues.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Circadian_rhythm_sleep_disorders (611 words)

	circadian
		Circadian clocks are believed to confer an advantage to plants, but the nature of that advantage has been unknown.
		Chronobiology is a relatively new science that tracks the effects of circadian rhythms, or the body's internal clock, on health and behavior.
		Their internal circadian clocks are set to go to bed at 11pm or later, and they naturally wake up later as well.
	www.mongabay.com /igapo/biotech/circadian.html (3360 words)

	Insomnia Treatments, Treatment For Sleep Disorder, Circadian Rhythm Disorder, Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Chronic ...
		This approach could, theoretically, result in great gains in changing circadian rhythms - as much as a 4-5 hour shift in one night; however, the direction of that gain may not be the one desired.
		An alternative approach to use, when the direction (either advancing or delaying rhythms) is important, requires bright light exposure aimed to one side or the other of the expected temperature minimum, and gradually moved closer on successive days so that it eventually would come close enough to produce the desired direction of phase shift.
		While shifting circadian rhythms (and maintaining those shifts) might be the best approach for permanent night shift workers, a different approach might be best for rotating shift workers, especially those on rapidly rotating schedules.
	www.sunbox.com /Research/SCRD.asp (3138 words)

	Free Essay Circadian Rhythm and Sleep (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Circadian rhythms are the daily sleep patterns of humans.
		Circadian rhythms tell people when they are most alert, when they feel tired, and when they should wake up.
		These circadian rhythms, while difficult to research, are important to many industries, as well as a multitude of sleep disorder patients.
	mail.echeat.com /essay.php?t=26334 (2509 words)

	ScienceDaily: New Fruit Fly Protein Illuminates Circadian Response To Light (Site not responding. Last check: )
		To test the circadian rhythm of fruit flies, Sehgal and others exposed wild type (control) and mutant flies to several light and dark settings - constant darkness, constant light, and equal periods of light and darkness (a light-dark cycle).
		Circadian rhythm -- A circadian rhythm is a roughly-24-hour cycle.
		Circadian rhythms are important in determining the sleeping and feeding patterns of all animals, including humans.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/06/060629121414.htm (1964 words)

	Circadian rhythm sleep disorders caused by jet lag, shiftwork, delayed sleep phase syndrome, advanced sleep phase ...
		Circadian rhythm sleep disorders caused by jet lag, shiftwork, delayed sleep phase syndrome, advanced sleep phase syndrome
		Shiftwork creates a chronic condition in which the internal circadian rhythm is out of sync with the external time cues of day and night / light and dark.
		This circadian rhythm disorder results in excessive sleepiness in the early evening with a resultant tendency to go to bed earlier (advancing the sleep time) and undesired awakening early in the morning.
	www.areyou-sleeping.com /JetLagandThenSome.html (916 words)

	HHMI News: First Human Circadian Rhythm Gene Identified
		In animal models, this enzyme was shown to regulate proteins involved in controlling the length of circadian rhythms.
		According to Ptacek, the disruption in phosphorylation of the hPer2 protein may prevent the protein from acting as a sort of rheostat that helps adjust the length of the circadian rhythm according to the amount of phosphorylation.
		"Circadian rhythm is probably governed by a balance of phosphorylation of different proteins," said Ptacek.
	www.hhmi.org /news/ptacek2.html (1065 words)

	TRAVEL STATEMENT ON JET LAG - CCDR Vol.29 ACS-3
		These symptoms are due primarily to a disturbance of the intrinsic or endogenous circadian rhythm and sleep cycle.
		Circadian rhythms affect a wide range of biologic measures and functions, such as body temperature, blood pressure, and hormone secretion.
		The endogenous circadian rhythm is not usually set exactly to 24 hours but tends to be closer to 25 hours with a wide variation among individuals
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /publicat/ccdr-rmtc/03vol29/acs-dcc-2-3/acs-3.html (1260 words)

	Circadian Temperature Rhythm in Women
		Circadian temperature rhythm amplitude diminishes with advancing age, but the circadian temperature rhythm in the transition from the reproductive years to menopause has not been characterized.
		Circadian temperature rhythm is a robust marker of the biological clock’s functional organization.
		Thus, changes in circadian temperature rhythm are expected to coincide with short-term changes in estrogen production during the monthly menstrual cycle and with long-term changes during perimenopause.
	stti.confex.com /stti/sos13/techprogram/paper_11500.htm (804 words)

	Sleep Disorders \| Causes, Symptoms, Treatment \| PDRHealth
		Circadian rhythm refers to biologic changes throughout a 24â“hour cycle.
		Patients with circadian rhythm sleep disorders typically experience delayedâ“sleep phase syndrome, causing them to stay up well after midnight and wake up late in the morning.
		Jet lag from rapid travel across time zones and shiftâ“work sleep disorder are the most common circadian rhythm sleep disorders.
	www.pdrhealth.com /patient_education/BHG01NE06.shtml (864 words)

	INABIS '98 - Modifying Effects of Histamine on Circadian Rhythms and Neuronal Excitability
		An example of the importance of histaminergic neurotransmission in maintaining the circadian release pattern of hormones is the circadian rhythm of corticosterone secretion.
		The circadian amplitude of sleep-wakefulness cycle is flattened with FMH treatment, in the rat wakefulness is increased during the day and slow wave sleep is increased during the night (13,18).
		Prast H, Grass K and Philippu A (1997) The ultradian EEG rhythm coincides temporally with the ultradian rhythm of histamine release in the posterior hypothalamus.
	www.mcmaster.ca /inabis98/huston/tuomisto0834/two.html (3626 words)

	eMedicine - Sleeplessness and Circadian Rhythm Disorder : Article by Mary E Cataletto, MD (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Circadian rhythm disturbances can be categorized into 2 main groups: transient disorders (eg, jet lag; changed sleep schedule due to work, social responsibilities, illness) and chronic disorders.
		Many deaths related to circadian rhythm disorders are the result of impaired performance secondary to sleep deprivation; therefore, many times, the deaths are categorized into different headings (eg, motor vehicle accidents, heavy machinery accidents, other accidents).
		In some individuals, however, the biological circadian rhythm of sleep and wakefulness is out of phase with the conventional or desired sleep-wake schedule.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic655.htm (5654 words)

	Circadian Rhythm
		The term circadian rhythm is simply a technical way of describing our body's natural daily rhythm - our internal body clock.
		The exact mechanisms behind all these circadian rhytms are unclear, however they appear to involve hormone production in many cases.
		In humans and other mammals the circadian rhythm is mainly controlled by the hypothalamus.
	www.here-be-dreams.com /sleep/circadian-rhythm.html (426 words)

	Talk of Circadian Rhythm
		light), 2) circadian rhythms can be reset by changes in environmental conditions, and 3) the period of the circadian rhythm does not vary with the frequent changes of temperature in the environment (1).
		Initially, scientists believed that the circadian clock of mammals was comprised of about 10,000 clock cells which resided in an area of the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN (4).
		Genes associated with the circadian clock are active in the eggs of both fertilized and unfertilized zebrafish.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /biology/b103/f00/web1/jones.html (1412 words)

	Disorders of the Sleep/Wake Cycle
		Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders are disorders that are related to the timing of sleep within the 24-hour day.
		The Molecular Biology of Circadian Rhythms - Mini-Review
		Circadian Information serves managers and workers in round-the-clock operations, helping to increase human alertness.
	www.stanford.edu /~dement/circadian.html (458 words)

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