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Topic: Circle of Tchaikovsky

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	Music
		Tchaikovsky’s base in Western techniques, taught to him in the St. Petersburg Conservatory, was inherent in the popularity of Tchaikovsky’s operas, symphonies, and ballets.
		Tchaikovsky was intensely patriotic, cherishing his homeland, its beautiful mountains and plains, his nation’s authors, and most of all his people.
		Tchaikovsky was a thoroughly Russian man. He recognized the vast usefulness of Russian folk tune and incorporated it into his style.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/economic_systems/NatIdentity/FSU/Russia/Music.htm (3157 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on Tchaikovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tchaikovsky in an early letter to Nadezhda von Meck wrote that his name was Polish and his ancestors were "probably Polish." Musically precocious, he began piano lessons at the age of five.
		Tchaikovsky was interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in Saint Petersburg.
		Tchaikovsky is perhaps most well known for his ballets, although it was only in his last years, with his last two ballets, that his contemporaries came to really appreciate his qualities as ballet music composer.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/tchaikovsky (2069 words)

	Island of Freedom - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
		The eminent Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born on May 7 (N.S.), 1840, in a settlement adjacent to the Kama-Votkinsk Metal Works (managed by his father) in the Ural Mountains.
		Tchaikovsky taught theory in Moscow, joining the faculty of the new Moscow Conservatory when it opened in September 1866.
		Tchaikovsky's fame, as both conductor and composer, spread as the result of a series of international tours, which brought him to the United States in 1891.
	www.island-of-freedom.com /TCHAIK.HTM (691 words)

	[No title]
		Tchaikovsky had recently met Mily Balakirev, a self-taught composer who led a circle of amateur composers promoting Russian musical traditions.
		In proposing this topic, Balakirev likely knew that Tchaikovsky had just emerged from what would be his only infatuation with a member of the opposite sex, a Belgian soprano named DÃ©sirÃ©e ArtÃ´t with whom he had discussed marriage, but who had recently married a Spanish baritone.
		Tchaikovsky's deeper emotional struggle, however, was with his homosexuality.
	www.redwoodsymphony.org /history/prognotes.aspx?ID=300 (739 words)

	Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Romeo and Juliet
		Tchaikovsky had recently met Mily Balakirev, a self-taught composer who led a circle of amateur composers promoting Russian musical traditions (see Rimsky-Korsakov notes).
		Balakirev was the least successful of the lot, yet he had an eye for talent and a head full of ideas, and attempted to direct all in his circle in matters of composition.
		Tchaikovsky weathered the criticism, recognizing that Balakirev was correct: Fatum suffered from a lack of focus.
	www.barbwired.com /barbweb/programs/tchaikovsky_romeo.html (778 words)

	Notes on Symphony no. 2 (Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		For most of his career Tchaikovsky stood well apart from the overtly nationalist concerns of his contemporaries; yet to the consternation of the devout Russianists under Balakirev's leadership, he earned and retained a reputation as Russia's pre-eminent (and most exportable) composer.
		Tchaikovsky wrote his overture Romeo and Juliet with significant guidance from Balakirev, and had with it his first real success.
		It is, for Tchaikovsky, uncharacteristically terse and compressed; the composer of the effusive Romeo and Juliet even eschews the traditional slow second movement, in later symphonies to become the site of some of his most impassioned music.
	www.loudounsymphony.org /notes/tchaikovsky-2 (424 words)

	April 15-18
		Tchaikovsky scored it for 2 flutes, piccolo, 2 oboes, english horn, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion (cymbals, bass drum), harp, and strings.
		Tchaikovsky didn't take the opening measures, but in other respects he followed the advice rather closely, at least as far as we can tell from his letters where he freely acknowledged his debt.
		Tchaikovsky was careful not to show Balakirev the entire work until he had heard it as written.
	www.clevelandorch.com /images/FTPImages/Performance/program_notes/041504.html (4660 words)

	Tchaikovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tchaikovsky [also spelled Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky] was born at Votkinsk, in the government of Vyatka, Russia, May7, 1840.
		Tchaikovsky was highly sensitive, and had a reference for his mother.
		Tchaikovsky was probably most known for his popular ballade works.
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/5648 (149 words)

	Sleeve Notes - Boris Tchaikovsky: Music for chamber orchestra
		His musical language and artistic outlook came to maturity in the war and immediate post-war years, and although he was open to the new wave of musical influences that flowed into the country in the ‘Thaw’ period thereafter, he regarded these as potential enrichments rather than as demanding a radically new approach.
		After graduation Boris Tchaikovsky did some piano teaching in a school, and for three years from 1949 to 1952 was an editor at a radio station, composing in his spare time.
		The writing is not strictly twelve-note, though Tchaikovsky had earlier dabbled with dodecaphony and the experience of that discipline seems to have helped him to discover the suggestive power of the smallest musical cells, even of silence itself.
	www.hyperion-records.co.uk /notes/67413.html (1368 words)

	valerypolyansky-tchaikovsky
		Pyotr Tchaikovsky’s personal life was complex and tortured, due to his hypersensitive and fragile personality, as well as his homosexuality (taboo in the rigid and structured Russia of his time).
		Tchaikovsky’s sacred music is probably the least familiar of all his compositions, and very different in style from his lush, romantic, secular compositions.
		Tchaikovsky set both the Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom (an1878 composition, considered by the composer as his most important sacred work) and the All Night Vigil (1882).
	www.panartist.com /valerypolyansky.htm (988 words)

	Program Notes for Phils 5: Time for Tchaikovsky - Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tchaikovsky’s highly developed gifts in rhythm, melody, musical drama and colorful orchestration made him a natural ballet composer.
		Tchaikovsky had jotted down the first of them after hearing it sung on his sister’s estate.
		Tchaikovsky began composing this work during the summer of 1872, while vacationing at his sister’s estate at Kamenka in Ukraine.
	www.rpo.org /phils05_pn.html (1132 words)

	Tchaikovsky at the millenium by Laura Jacobs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In scoring Odette’s themes for the reedy oboe, Tchaikovsky was clear about the struggle on his mind—she is sucked down by the marshes even as she reaches for the moon.
		Tchaikovsky’s score—the rapture of its orchestral colors, the splendor of its suspension-bridge structure, its melodies like lush brocades and long vistas—is a realm where characters fall and grow, where the senses graduate into sensibility.
		Furthermore, “In Sleeping Beauty, Tchaikovsky chooses E minor and E major to portray the malevolent and benevolent aspects of Aurora’s destiny, personified by Carabosse and the Lilac Fairy … they are quite different, yet in some respects the same.” Good and evil, life and death, E-ternally bound: this, too, is in the order of things.
	www.newcriterion.com /archive/18/sept99/jacobs.htm (4723 words)

	ArtandCulture Artist: Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		By all accounts, Peter Tchaikovsky was an emotionally troubled man. He suffered from nervous depression, which was heightened by the constant social presssure to hide his homosexuality.
		Tchaikovsky’s introduction to music came through the traditional folk ballads and romantic songs that his mother sang.
		Tchaikovsky was close to many of the members of the "Five" -- a quintet comprised of the great Russian composers Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.
	www.artandculture.com /cgi-bin/WebObjects/ACLive.woa/wa/artist?wosid=NO&id=32 (428 words)

	Peter Kropotkin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The socialism of this body was not, however, advanced enough for his views, and after studying the programme of the more radical Jura federation at Neuchâtel and spending some time in the company of the leading members, he definitely adopted the creed of anarchism.
		In 1873 he was arrested and imprisoned, but escaped in 1876 and went to England, moving after a short stay to Switzerland, where he joined the Jura Federation.
		1873 - as a member of the Chaikovskii Circle, he helps with rewriting pamphlets in a way that can be understood by the uneducated; he shows great ability for communicating with the workers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peter_Kropotkin (1823 words)

	Nihilist movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This "go to the people -- be the people" campaign reached its height in the 1870s, during which decade many underground groups like the Circle of Tchaikovsky, the People's Reprisal and Land and Liberty were formed.
		Nevertheless, it led to the politization and radicalization of the Russian youth.
		Many revolutionaries like Nikolai Tchaikovsky, Sophia Perovskaya, Sergei Kravchinski, Vera Zasulich and Sergey Nechayev were adept of Nihilist values.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nihilist (916 words)

	Caribbeanedu.com \| KEWL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Schumann founded a music journal with a circle of young intellectualsand was the journal’s editor and leading writer for ten years.
		Peter Tchaikovsky was born on May 7th, 1840 in Russians the second of five sons.
		It was during this period that he was under the patronage of Madam Nadejda von Meck, a wealthy widow, whose enthusiasm for the composer's music led her to give him an annual allowance.
	www.caribbeanedu.com /kewl/mix/mix09.asp (3967 words)

	Tchaikovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A long passage for full strings marks the turn of the tide, leading to the return of the hymn-tune and then the quick-stepping folk-theme in counterpoint with 'God save the Czar' as the national anthem of the time, punctuated with cannon-shot and crowned by a last wild peal of bells.
		The poet imagined her soul in Hell's second circle, among 'those who in their lifetime abandoned themselves to sensual pleasure', and whose punishment 'exposes them to raging tempests in eternal darkness, as they succumbed in life to the tempests of sensual lust'.
		For his 'Fantasy after Dante', Tchaikovsky reverted to the form he used for Romeo and Juliet, and the work was premiered at Moscow on 9 March 1877, Nikolay Rubinstein conducting.
	www.pluto.no /OFO/CD/Tchaikovsky_1812.html (643 words)

	Gresham College \| Search Lectures & Events
		The main work was Tchaikovsky's Pathetique Symphony, but I would not recall that fact from the performance; what fixed the work - or at least the scherzo - in my memory from then on was what happened the previous day.
		In other words, such activities may have to work in a cultural vacuum, providing an entrance point for children to an area that may not be part of their existing cultural experience.
		This perhaps distinguishes it from my Tchaikovsky introduction, which was, as I admitted just now, for children whose cultural upbringing was consonant with that listening and concert -going experience, regardless of whether they had heard that actual work before.
	www.gresham.ac.uk /event.asp?PageId=4&EventId=31 (2555 words)

	Knitting Circle Pyotr Tchaikovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pyotr Tchaikovsky's mother spoke French and German, and played the piano and sang, but she died when he was 14.
		She gave Tchaikovsky moral and financial support which enabled him to devote himself to composition.
		Tchaikovsky composed for several ballets, six symphonies, eleven operas, two piano concertos (with a third not completed), a violin concerto, a number of tone poems, songs and piano pieces, chamber music including a piano trio and three string quartets.
	myweb.lsbu.ac.uk /~stafflag/tchaikovsky.html (607 words)

	Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra - Norway in Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tchaikovsky's First Symphony has earned the nickname Winter Dreams from a first movement that the composer claimed describes "dreams of a winter journey." It's an amazingly accomplished work when you consider that it predates such works as Brahms' First.
		Tchaikovsky's Third Symphony is also called the Polish, for the simple reason that its finale is a polacca, or Polish dance.
		The Fourth is Tchaikovsky's most colorful symphony, particularly in its famous third movement Scherzo, where the strings are pizzicato (plucked) throughout and the composer puts the piccolo player through hell.
	www.torvund.net /norway/music/Oslo_PO.asp (1480 words)

	Listen to a GBYSO Concert
		But the opera was never written because Zvantsev and Tchaikovsky disagreed about the way the music was to be written.
		Tchaikovsky's Francesca da Rimini is a piece of program music, and Tchaikovsky actually wrote his own story in the manuscript of his piece, based on the original in Dante:
		Important to know is that in Dante, the lovers are condemned to the second circle of hell, the circle of lust where Cleopatra and Dido of Carthage are also punished.
	www.gbyso.org /result.cfm?v=2&w=3&x=0&y=0&z=0&topic=content/concerts/listen.cfm (1008 words)

	Press & News - Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra
		Tickets for adults are priced at $17 each in advance or $20 at the gate, with childrenâs prices of $9 in advance and $10 at the gate and may be purchased at all convenient Marsh Supermarket locations or by calling the Hilbert Circle Theatre Box Office at (317) 639-4300.
		This evening of romantic music will feature the Orchestraâs performances of one of Tchaikovskyâs great symphonic masterpieces â“ the popular Symphony No. 4 in F Minor â“ plus the lively Four Scottish Dances by Malcolm Arnold.
		Orlovsky's wife, Tamara, is an accomplished pianist, who has an active performing and teaching career of her own.
	www.indianapolissymphony.org /about/press/article.aspx?pressReleaseID=66 (701 words)

	Orchestra fits Severance stage
		A patron of the Case Western Reserve University Department of Music sat in the audience in Harkness Chapel as the CWRU University Circle Orchestra performed Tchaikovsky's Symphony #1 on its fall concert.
		According to Horvath, the CWRU University Circle Orchestra is one of the gems of University Circle but has played for decades in the shadows of the limelight of Severance Hall and Cleveland Institute of Music.
		The ensemble originally was called the University Circle Chamber Orchestra and in its early days was filled with students from the Cleveland Institute of Music and CWRU.
	www.cwru.edu /pubs/cnews/2003/1-30/orchestra.htm (605 words)

	Sleeve Notes - Russian Images -1
		Composers such as Tchaikovsky, the Balakirev circle, Stravinsky and Shostakovich all paid homage to Mikhail Glinka (1804-1857) as 'the father of Russian music'.
		Peter Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) is perhaps Russia's most popular composer, and his genius for 'the beautiful self-contained melody' has earned him universal and everlasting appeal.
		Rachmaninov - whose closest musical ancestor may be said to be Tchaikovsky - carried on the tradition of the Russian 'romance' begun by Glinka, whereas Medtner, despite his profoundly Russian character, had his musical roots planted firmly in the German Classical tradition.
	www.hyperion-records.co.uk /notes/67105.html (1167 words)

	Russia, White Nights, 2003
		Tchaikovsky?s masterpiece is a savoury dish readily used to serve to messengers from a friendly state and to open a theatrical season or a tour.
		It occurred in 1894, at a concert in memory of Tchaikovsky.
		Later here were buried the composers M. Glinka, M. Mussorgsky, P. Tchaikovsky, A. Borodin, A. Dargomyzhsky, the famous writer F. Dostoyevsky, the renowned artists I. Kramskoi, A. Kuinji, B. Kustodiyev, the art and musical critic V. Stasov, the actresses V. Komissarzhevskaya, V. Michurina-Samoilova, E. Korchagina-Alexandrovskaya, and the actors Yu.
	www.ncf.carleton.ca /~da710/Russia2003.html (9113 words)

	The Inner Circle (1991) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		There is a human tragedy of global scale - and those humans who sway this tragedy and who just turned out to be grains of sand under those wheels of history.
		To model what those people were in their good and weak producers and authors of "The Inner Circle" made an awesome cast in this movie - don't you agree that Bob Hoskins playing marshal Berija is worth seeing anyway.
		And the director's job is not bad at all - Konchalovsky has his peaks and faults and The Inner Circle is one of the peaks, I guess...
	imdb.com /title/tt0103838 (569 words)

	Milwaukee Ballet Audition Opportunities
		IV R. Strauss - Don Juan Tchaikovsky - Symphony No. 4, Mvmt.
		II Strauss - Till Eulenspiegel Tchaikovsky - Symphony No. 5, Mvmt.
		II Stravinsky - Rite of Spring Snare: Ravel - Bolero Cymbal: Tchaikovsky - Romeo and Juliet Overture Glock.: Mozart - Magic Flute, Act I (Papageno solo) Xylo.: Gershwin - Porgy and Bess Smetana - Dance of the Comedians
	www.milwaukeeballet.org /Auditions.html (1190 words)

	Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The eminent Russian composer Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky was born on May 7 (N.S.), 1840, in a settlement adjacent to the Kama-Votkinsk Metal Works (managed by his father) in the Ural Mountains.
		On Nov. 6 (N. S.), 1893, a few days after conducting the premier of his Sixth Symphony, Tchaikovsky died in Saint Petersburg.
		Volkoff, Vladimir, Tchaikovsky (1975); Warrack, John, Tchaikovsky (1973)
	www.russia-in-us.com /Music/Opera/tchaikovsky.html (639 words)

	The Emancipation of Women in Russia before and after the Russian Revolution
		The greatest contribution of the Tchaikovsky group to the struggle for women's emancipation was how they involved women in discussions and political activity on the same level as men.
		The circle's internal structure was designed in such a way as to facilitate the involvement of women activists, by getting them to take part directly in specific struggles concerning women's oppression.
		The association's aim was to spread the ideas of socialism among the proletariat, and to attract isolated workingwomen to the trade unions and to the Social Democratic party.
	www.marxist.com /women/women_emancipation_russia_pt1.html (5597 words)

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