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Topic: Circle of confusion

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	Circle of confusion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The depth of field is the region where the size of the circle of confusion is less than the resolution of the human eye.
		Using the "Zeiss formula" the circle of confusion is calculated as d/1730 where "d" is the diagonal measure of the film in millimeters.
		The circle of confusion of 0.026 mm is "average" - an average person taking a photograph with an average (not professional) camera on average film (print film - not professional grade) processing the film at an average photo-store (with typical photo printing machines operated by technicians of average talent).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Circle_of_confusion (538 words)

	circle of confusion
		is the reigion where the size of the circle of confusion is less than the resolution of the human eye.
		Circles with a diameter less than the circle of confusion will appear to be in focus.]] The circle of confusion is a term in photography relating to the fuzziest a point can be and still be called "in focus" (this is related to the depth of field).
		If you want the image to be sharper consider a smaller circle of confusion - this is often the case with images hung in a gallery where people look a bit closer or using a digital camera and inkjet printer where a shaper image is necessary to correct for the lower resolution of the system.
	en.mcfly.org /circle_of_confusion (540 words)

	Circle of confusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In photography, the circle of confusion represents the area of the film illuminated by light from a point outside the camera.
		If the circle of confusion is as small as or smaller than the film grain or pixel size, that portion of the image will appear in focus.
		Circle of Confusion Gallery Exhibitions of work by 7 photographers: Martin Blume, Adam Busch, Don Cameron, Erik Lauritzen, Jan Paul Pietrzak, Donald Rogers, and Al Weber.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Circle_of_confusion.html (532 words)

	Depth of Field
		Since circles of confusion are formed by light rays passing through the lens tube, the size of a circle of confusion is proportional to the amount of light that can pass through the lens tube.
		Recall from the concept of circle of confusion that the resolving power of human eyes is not very high, and, as a result, some sizes of circle of confusion may be perceived as perfect points.
		If both lenses produce the same size of circle of confusion and both images are enlarged to the same size, then it is obvious that the smaller image requires higher magnification to bring its size equal to that of the larger image.
	www.cs.mtu.edu /~shene/DigiCam/User-Guide/4500/EXPOSURE/EV-depth-of-field.html (2260 words)

	The Circle of Confusion
		In this case the base of this 3rd cone registers on the film as a circle of light rays which are not in register.
		This circle of unfocused light rays is a circle of confusion.
		Since the angle of the cone of light is determined by the diameter of the diaphragm opening, the diameter of the circle of confusion is affected by changes in the diaphragm opening.
	www.northnet.org /jimbullard/CoC.htm (735 words)

	Depth of Field FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Circle of confusion is difficult to explain in non-technical terms.
		The circles of confusion listed on this page are reasonable values that you can use to get reasonable estimates of depth of field.
		The values of circle of confusion on this website are calculated using, approximately, the circle of confusion that Canon uses for calculating the depth of field tables for their lenses (Canon Camera Museum - Len Details).
	dfleming.ameranet.com /faq.html (621 words)

	Understanding Depth of Field in Photography
		When the circle of confusion becomes perceptible to our eyes, this region is said to be outside the depth of field and thus no longer "acceptably sharp." The circle of confusion above has been exaggerated for clarity; in reality this would be only a tiny fraction of the camera sensor's area.
		An acceptably sharp circle of confusion is loosely defined as one which would go unnoticed when enlarged to a standard 8x10 inch print, and observed from a standard viewing distance of about 1 foot.
		In the earlier example of blurred dots, the circle of confusion is actually smaller than the resolution of your screen for the two dots on either side of the focal point, and so these are considered within the depth of field.
	www.cambridgeincolour.com /tutorials/depth-of-field.htm (1387 words)

	Photographic Lenses Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		If the circle of confusion is small enough, given the magnification in printing or projection, the optical quality throughout the system, etc., the image will appear to be sharp.
		circle of confusion (mm) # # *** 100mm f/8 #...
		However, the limiting size of the circle of confusion as the distance behind the object goes to infinity is twice as large for the 100mm lens as for the 50mm lens.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/rec-photo/lenses/tutorial (5148 words)

	circle of confusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		I've always thought that the Circle of Confusion would be a good name for a group of serious photographers but wasn't interested in starting an organization.
		There is even an explanation of the circle of confusion and I've thrown in some thoughts to ponder.
		Circle of Confusion is honored to have been chosen as
	www.jimbullard.org (158 words)

	Large format photography: how to select the f-stop
		In summary, the acceptable circle of confusion on the negative depends on a number of factors, and it is better to determine the one which is best for you, rather than rely on the manufacturer's which is often not critical enough.
		and the diameter of the circle of confusion
		Thus it is for the RADIUS of the circle of confusion, not the diameter.
	www.largeformatphotography.info /fstop.html (4698 words)

	Circles of Confusion for Digital Cameras
		Circle of confusion is used by the DOFMaster program for depth of field calculations.
		The normal range for 35mm format circle of confusion is 0.025 - 0.035 mm.
		The Leica standard circle of confusion for 35mm format is 0.025 mm.
	www.dofmaster.com /digital_coc.html (188 words)

	Digital Depth of Field
		So we have a circle of confusion value of 29.5 microns for 35mm, and indeed this is close to the number (30-35 microns) often used for 35mm DOF calculations.
		D is the subject distance, c is the circle of confusion and fn is the f# (f-stop) of the lens.
		The circle of confusion value for the 10D is reduced by a factor of 1.6x and what this means in terms of DOF scales is that you need to use the markings for about 1 1/3 stops wider aperture in order to estimate the DOF.
	www.bobatkins.com /photography/technical/digitaldof.html (2686 words)

	Circle of Confusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The primary variables that affect depth of field are the focal length of the lens, the aperture setting, the subject or focus distance, and a subjective factor called the circle of confusion, abbreviated as the CoC.
		The circle of confusion (CoC) is the most misunderstood and controversial variable.
		This describes the size of a circle from a point of light as it passes the edges of the aperture.
	www.rags-int-inc.com /PhotoTechStuff/DoF (2789 words)

	johnhendry.com : depth of field equations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Circle of Confusion as described in the 'Notes on Depth of Field' is calculated as follows:
		CoC is the maximum allowable diameter of the circle of confusion on the negative (in mm) which will retain your desired print resolution, at your desired enlargement factor.
		CoC is the diameter of the desired Circle of Confusion (mm)
	www.johnhendry.com /gadget/dofequations.htm (184 words)

	Hyperfocal Formula Page
		This calculation is based on a circle of confusion of 0.03mm, which is close to normal for the 35mm format.
		The best circle of confusion diameter to use is 0.025mm or 0.03mm for the 35mm format.
		He is not using a constant circle of confusion, but the term F/1000.
	medfmt.8k.com /mf/hyperfocal.html (1568 words)

	Depth of Field
		The Circle of Confusion is the diameter of this "dimensionless point", that has now become a measurable circle of light in the focused image behind the lens.
		The Circle of Confusion not only relates to lenses; but also is integral to the system of cinema as a whole, from shooting to the projected image.
		While a larger Circle of Confusion will be acceptable in the first example, a smaller Circle of Confusion is necessary to maintain a range of acceptable focus in the second example.
	jkor.com /peter/dof.html (3065 words)

	Comixpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Circle of Confusion manages such diverse talent as the Wachowski Bros., the Reign of Fire writers Gregg Chabot and Kevin Peterka, and comic-book creator Brian Michael Bendis.
		Under the terms, Circle of Confusion will represent Komikwerks and its contributors in a management capacity, as well as a producing partner on some selected ventures.
		“Circle of Confusion has an impressive roster of clients, and a track record of working with great comic talent; it’s an honor to be working with them,” says Komikwerks co-founder Shannon Denton.
	www.comixpedia.com /print.php?sid=729&POSTNUKESID=8369fcd6fa182af8dd0d911057655871 (263 words)

	DOF,Circle of Confusion and other Calculations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		If you accept the proposition that a minimum resolution of 5 lines/mm is needed at the normal viewing distance on an 8 x 10 contact print, the circle of confusion for 8 x 10 is equal to the reciprocal of 5 lines/mm or 0.200 mm.
		The circles of confusion indicated below are for use when such a proportional enlargement is done.
		To determine the proportions, the diagonal measurement for each format was divided into the 8 x 10 diagonal to determine the proportion and then multiplied by the requisite resolution of 5 lines/mm to determine the resolution factor needed.
	www.nikonlinks.com /unklbil/dof.htm (948 words)

	Circle of confusion
		The circle of confusion is not a property of the lens itself.
		The less critical you are (or the s maller the print size you want to make), the larger a circle of confusion you ca n use in doing your DOF calculations.
		However, there is no such thing as the "correct" circle of confusion for a gi ven lens--basically, its whatever you can live with.
	www.largeformatphotography.info /lfforum/topic/1855.html (278 words)

	wrotniak.net: Depth of field and your digital camera
		The acceptable size (diameter) of the circle of confusion depends on how the photographic image will be magnified in the printing or viewing process, and from what distance it will be viewed — plus of course, on what you mean by "acceptable" in the magnified (printrd, displayed) image.
		To account for differences in format size and aspect, it is very handy to represent the size of the circle of confusion as a fraction of the diagonal of the film (sensor) frame.
		For example, for the E-10, the pixel size is 0.0039 mm (6.67mm/1680px), while the circle of confusion size, defined as 1/1440 of the image diagonal is twice that number, i.e., 0.0077 mm.
	www.wrotniak.net /photo/dof/index.html (2372 words)

	circle of confusion --- hyper-focused on canadian photography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Circle of Confusion is a Web magazine devoted to Canadian photographers, Canadian photography, and the state of photography in the land of the true north strong and free.
		Circle of Confusion is the brain child of Sean and Jennifer McCormick, a husband and wife creative team.
		Circle of Confusion is published on a quarterly schedule.
	www.circleofconfusion.ca /about (417 words)

	About the Circle of Confusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The "circle of confusion" is typically calculated as the largest on-film circle that you see as a point when you make an 8 × 12 print and view it from a "normal" viewing distance, typically 2-3 feet.
		This is because the main factor affecting CoC is the film size; lenses are designed for a particular camera, and thus a particular film size.
		Since most people take pictures with typical cameras and have the photos developed at generic photo labs which print their photos on standard paper with typical photo printing machines operated by technicians of average talent, it is usually not important to take these various quality issues into account: they're effectively built into the Zeiss formula.
	tangentsoft.net /fcalc/help/CoC.htm (494 words)

	NatureScapes.Net - The Mathematics of Depth of Field
		For example, a 100mm lens at f/8, with a circle of confusion of 0.03mm, has a hyperfocal distance of 137.03 feet.
		The circle of confusion in the above equations is the size of the largest fuzzy circle that still appears to be a sharp point.
		Different websites seem to have different ideas as to what the “industry standard” for a maximum acceptable circle of confusion is. For this article, and the examples which follow, I’ll use this rule: the maximum circle of confusion for something to appear in focus is 0.2mm on an 8” x 10” print.
	www.naturescapes.net /102004/ps1004.htm (1630 words)

	filmmaking.net \| internet filmmaker's faq : What is the 'Circle of Confusion'?
		The Circle of Confusion refers to the behaviour of objects that exist outside the focal range of a camera lens.
		These circles are called "circles of confusion," and they vary in size depending on how far out of focus they are.
		The "confusion" is that circles smaller than 1/1000 inch confuse our eye and are seen as points in focus.
	www.filmmaking.net /faq/answers/faq32.asp (346 words)

	Circle Of Confusion Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Circle Of Confusion Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography
		Look for circle of confusion - Find circle of confusion at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
		The resolution of the human eye is another factor in determining the area of the circle of confusion.
	www.localcolorart.com /encyclopedia/Circle_of_confusion (714 words)

	Depth of Field
		This circular area is typically referred to as "circle of confusion".
		One reason for 'circle of confusion' is due to 'spherical aberration'.
		The difference is with the Y-axis (the size of the circles of confusion).
	www.renderman.org /RMR/Examples/dof (1475 words)

	Photo.net Depth of Field and the Digital Domain by Bob Atkins
		I know this is confusing, but if it still doesn't make sense to you, carefully read the section of the article on circle of confusion again.
		In calculating CoC two values are given: the (constant) spherical angle value of the eye resolution, and the spherical angle value of the image as it is going to be viewed.
		Image sharpness, depth of field, circle of confusion and how they change with format are all things that have been around and been discussed from the earliest days of photography.
	www.photo.net /learn/optics/dofdigital/index (8714 words)

	Circle of confusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In photography, the circle of confusion represents thearea of the film illuminated by light from a point outside the camera.
		An out-of-focus point light source, such as a distant street lamp in a nighttime cityscape, will appear as avisible disk (or, depending on the shape of the camera's iris, a polygon), while larger objects simply appear blurry as the circles of each point on theobject combine.
		The circle in the middle imageis sufficiently small to be considered in focus.
	www.therfcc.org /circle-of-confusion-32243.html (154 words)

	Circle Calculations - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Machinist's Friend solves circle calculations which are fundamental to a lot of other calculations.
		A circle is a shape with all points the same distance from the center...
		diameter of largest acceptable circle of confusion, or the diameter of the circle of confusion h hyperfocal distance...
	calculations.facdt.com /index.php?k=circle-calculations (807 words)

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