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Topic: Circle of latitude

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45th parallel north

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	Circle of latitude - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The position on the circle of latitude is given by the longitude.
		The equator is the circle that is equidistant from both the North Pole and South Pole.
		The circles of latitude are loxodromes, but, apart from the equator, they are not great circles, hence not the shortest distance between points, as opposed to what is suggested by maps that show them as straight lines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Circle_of_latitude (611 words)

	Latitude - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Latitude is an angular measurement in degrees (marked with °) ranging from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles (90° N for the North Pole or 90° S for the South Pole.)
		Each degree of latitude is further sub-divided into 60 minutes (one minute of latitude is very close to one nautical mile or 1852 metres although this itself varies slightly with latitude (at sea level) because the earth is shaped like a slightly oblate orange), each of which divides into 60 seconds.
		In common usage, "latitude" refers to geodetic or geographic latitude φ and is the angle between the equatorial plane and a line that is normal to the reference spheroid, which approximates the shape of the Earth to account for flattening of the poles and bulging of the equator.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Latitude (2052 words)

	Latitude
		Latitude is an angular measurement ranging from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles.
		Only at latitudes between the tropics is it possible for the sun to be at the zenith.
		All locations of a given latitude are collectively referred to as a parallel, because they are coplanar, and all such planes are parallel to the equator.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/la/Latitude.html (161 words)

	circle - definition by dict.die.net
		Circle of altitude (Astron.), a circle parallel to the horizon, having its pole in the zenith; an almucantar.
		Circle of the sphere, a circle upon the surface of the sphere, called a great circle when its plane passes through the center of the sphere; in all other cases, a small circle.
		To encompass, as by a circle; to surround; to inclose; to encircle.
	dict.die.net /circle (527 words)

	Antarctic Circle - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Antarctic Circle, parallel of latitude on the surface of the Earth at 66°30’ S. It marks the northern limit of the area in which the Sun does not...
		Climate : climates in the Arctic and Antarctic : Arctic: Arctic Circle
		Arctic Circle, parallel of latitude on the surface of the Earth at 66°30’ N. It marks the southern limit of the area in which the Sun does not rise...
	encarta.msn.com /Antarctic_Circle.html (199 words)

	GIS Tips - Coordinate Systems Part 4
		That is, a small circle of latitude is formed by the intersection of the sphere with a flat plane that is parallel to the plane of the equator.
		It is not uncommon for Casual Cartographers to consider the latitude of a point on the surface of a sphere to be determined by the angle between the plane of the equator and the line from the point of interest to the center of the sphere.
		Latitude determined by this definition is referred to as geocentric latitude, as it is referenced to the center of the sphere rather than the surface of the sphere.
	www.mentorsoftwareinc.com /CC/gistips/TIPS0599.HTM (2314 words)

	Latitude (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Latitude is an angular measurement ranging from 0Â° at the Equator to 90Â° at the poles (90Âº N or 90Âº S).
		Lines of latitude other than the Equator are approximately small circles on the surface of the Earth; they are not geodesics since the shortest route between two points at the same latitude involves moving farther away from the equator.
		The geocentric latitude is the angle between the equatorial plane and a line from the center of the Earth.
	www.abcworld.net /Latitude.html (1634 words)

	Latitude and Longitude
		Latitude values indicate the angular distance between the Equator and points north or south of it on the surface of the Earth.
		A degree of latitude is approximately 69 miles, and a minute of latitude is approximately 1.15 miles.
		At a latitude of 45 degrees, a degree of longitude is approximately 49 miles.
	nationalatlas.gov /articles/mapping/a_latlong.html (779 words)

	Miami Circle Archaeogeodesy by James Q. Jacobs
		The discovery of a circle carved into the bedrock near the mouth of the Miami River in Florida has attracted the attention of the archaeological world and the national media.
		My study of the archaeogeodesy of the Miami Circle has produced a possible rationale for its location at the mouth of the Miami River as well as a possible means of precisely dating the construction.
		At the Miami Circle latitude the angle between the summer and winter solstice rise/set positions expressed fundamental astronomical relationships during the prehistoric era.
	www.jqjacobs.net /astro/miami_circle.html (1393 words)

	TERRESTRIAL LATITUDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The largest latitude circle is the equator itself, which is zero degrees.
		Other latitude circles are parallel to the equatorial plane, and grow smaller nearer the poles.
		In each case the latitude north or south of the equator is measured in degrees, and is equal to the angle between a point on the equator (E), the center of the earth (C), and the location of the observer (O; latitude = angle ECO).
	homepage.mac.com /kvmagruder/bcp/sphere/terreslat.htm (292 words)

	The longitude and latitude system
		This first circle of latitude is the origin for counting the circles of latitude.
		The determination of the latitude is achieved quite easy and mankind knows about this at least since the 15 th century using the position of the Sun in the sky.
		The longitude is derived from the length or longness of the mediteranean sea whereas the latitude is from the width.
	www.kowoma.de /en/gps/geo/longitude_latitude.htm (1322 words)

	GRIB
		Grid lengths are in units of meters, at the 60 degree latitude circle nearest to the pole in the projection plane.
		Grid lengths are in units of meters, at the intersection latitude circle nearest to the pole in the projection plane.
		Grid lengths are in units of meters, at the circle of latitude specified by Latin.
	www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov /pmb/docs/on388/tabled.html (1408 words)

	AOS 3 Lecture Screens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		For example, the middle of the latitude circles illustrated is about 3/8 in light and 5/8 in darkness.
		The Arctic Circle (in the Northern Hemisphere; in the Southern Hemisphere, it would be the Antarctic Circle) is the latitude circle that encompasses the region where 24 hours of day/night occurs.
		With the Earth tilted 23.5 degrees, this latitude is 90 degrees - 23.5 degrees = 67.5 degrees latitude.
	www.atmos.ucla.edu /as3/scrns/seasons/Note05.html (422 words)

	GIS Tips - How to Convert From Degrees to Meters
		In the case of converting latitude to a linear Y value, in meters for example, we have little difficulty, as the distance will always be measured along a great circle of longitude.
		Thus at the equator the radius of a circle of latitude is equal to the radius of the sphere.
		As the latitude increases, the cosine decreases and the radius of the circles of latitude diminish.
	www.mentorsoftwareinc.com /CC/gistips/TIPS0699.HTM (1574 words)

	Solar System Setting and Latitude and Longitude
		During the course of the semester I'll often be talking about different parts of Earth by referring to their latitude, because the latitude of a particular region is largely responsible for determining its climate.
		Another way to think of latitude is merely as the angular distance of a given point from the equator, either north or south.
		The circumference of a circle of latitude gets smaller as you approach the poles, but all these circles are parallel.
	core.ecu.edu /geology/woods/SolSysLatLong.htm (1521 words)

	Levi-Civita's Concept of the Parallel Transport of Vectors on a Surface
		Suppose M is a sphere and α is a circle of constant latitude φ.
		If the latitude angle is less than π/2 then the latitude for the torus is the same as that of the tangent sphere.
		Since the holonomy angle for parallel transport along a circle of constant latitude ζ is equal to -2πsin(ζ) the holonomy angle forr parallet transport along a circle of constant latitude on the inner side of a torus is -2πsin(π-φ)=-2πsin(φ).
	www.applet-magic.com /paralleltransport.htm (975 words)

	Wikinfo \| Great circle
		A great circle is a circle on the surface of a sphere that has the same diameter as the sphere.
		The great circle on the spherical surface is the path with the smallest curvature, and hence the shortest path between two points on the surface.
		Some examples of great circles on the celestial sphere include: the horizon (in the astronomical sense), the celestial equator, and the ecliptic.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Great_circle (277 words)

	All About Maps : Latitude and Longitude (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Lines of latitude circle the Earth in east-west-parallels which are at right angles to the Earth's axis.
		Both latitude and longitude lines represent divisions of a circle and are measured, like circles, in degrees, but also minutes, and seconds.
		On topographic maps, the latitude and longitude coordinates are given at each corner of the map, and along the sides of the map in the margins..
	collections.ic.gc.ca /allaboutmaps/aaMaps_M3_latlong_Z.htm (438 words)

	Open Course : Astronomy : Introduction : Lecture 2 : Motion of Stars and Sun
		The equator is a circle on the Earth's surface that is perpendicular to the axis and equidistant from the poles.
		Circles of constant declination are all parallel to the celestial equator.
		Since the zenith's declination is equal to one's latitude, Columbus was always able to determine his latitude when he crossed the Atlantic Ocean by measuring the altitude of Polaris.
	www.opencourse.info /astronomy/introduction/02.motion_stars_sun (2368 words)

	USATODAY.com - Arctic Circle defines a region of light and dark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		At the summer solstice, around June 21, the Arctic Circle is as far south as a person can go and still see the sun at midnight — assuming it's not hidden behind a hill or mountain.
		The Arctic is all of the Earth north of the Arctic Circle.
		The Arctic Circle is described as being at 66 degrees about 30 minutes north because it moves as the Earth wobbles.
	www.usatoday.com /news/science/cold-science/greenland-2001/places-arctic-circle.htm (391 words)

	Latitude of the Holy Lands
		We are interested in the latitude of this region, because the latitude determines what stars you can see and what seasons of the year you experience.
		This is important because this is the latitude where the familiar seasons of the year exist, with the shortest day of Winter occurring in December and the longest day of Summer occurring in June.
		When we reach the antartic circle at 66.5° South latitude the shortest day of the year becomes so short the Sun actually never rises on that day, and the longest day of the year becomes so long the Sun actually never sets on that day.
	members.cox.net /deleyd/religion/solarmyth/latitude.html (1289 words)

	Callanish stone circle
		The Callanish stone circle (or "Callanish I"), Clachan Chalanais in Gaelic, is situated near the village of Callanish (Gaelic: Calanais) on the west coast of the isle of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides (Western Isles), Scotland ().
		Dating from around 2000 BC, the 13 primary stones form a circle about 13 m in diameter, with a long approach avenue of stones to the north, and shorter stone rows to the east, south, and west (possibly incomplete avenues).
		An excavation campaign in 1980 and 1981 showed that the burial chamber was a late addition to the site, and that it had been modified a number of times.
	www.globalguide.org /?lat=58.202&long=-6.734&zoom=2&name=Callanish_stone_circle&wiki=0&title=Callanish_stone_circle (555 words)

	Unit 014 - Latitude and Longitude
		A great circle is a circle formed by passing a plane though the exact center of a sphere.
		The length of 1° of latitude is not the same everywhere as it is on the sphere.
		Parallels of latitude decrease in length with increasing latitude.
	www.ncgia.ucsb.edu /education/curricula/giscc/units/u014/u014.html (2059 words)

	ANGULAR MEASUREMENT IN THE SKY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		A great circle of a sphere is the intersection of the surface of the sphere with a plane passing through the center of the sphere.
		Another way to define it is a circle containing two points directly opposite each other on the sphere (so a straight line goes through the two points and the center of the sphere).
		For example, the circle at latitude 10° is smaller than a great circle -- 1/360 of this circle is shorter than 1/360 of a great circle and so will measure less than 1° as we have defined it.
	www.aaa.org /angmeasure.htm (586 words)

	Curious About Astronomy: What is the significance of the Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle and ...
		The Tropic of Cancer is the circle marking the latitude 23.5 degrees north, where the sun is directly overhead at noon on June 21, the beginning of summer in the northern hemisphere.
		The Tropic of Capricorn is the circle marking the latitude 23.5 degrees south where the sun is directly overhead at noon on December 21, the beginning of winter in the northern hemisphere.
		The equator is the circle where the sun is directly overhead at noon on the equinoxes.
	curious.astro.cornell.edu /question.php?number=551 (366 words)

	Great Circle
		For any great circle other than the equator, the longitude of the axis points are 90° east and west of the two points where the great circle crosses the equator, and the two axis points are 90° of latitude away from the two points where the great circle reaches it's maximum latitudes.
		The maximum latitude of the circle is 30° 22' north latitude at 41° 24' east longitude and 30° 22' south latitude at 138° 36' west longitude.
		This circle crosses over the source and the mouth of the Amazon, the dividing line between upper and lower Egypt, the mouth of the Tigris-Euphrates, the Indus River and the Bay of Bengal near the mouth of the Ganges.
	home.hiwaay.net /~jalison (758 words)

	II.3 How the Sun shines on the Earth at Different Seasons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The circle AC round the north pole of the earth, which touches the edge of the illuminated hemisphere at this time, is called the Arctic Circle.
		The further north we go from the equator, the larger the fraction of a circle of latitude round the earth which will be sunshine.
		All the region within the arctic circle is in darkness, and all that within the antarctic circle in the sunshine.
	www.physics.csbsju.edu /astro/newcomb/II.3.html (708 words)

	Mission Data Blog » Blog Archive » Approximating a circle with a polygon
		Most people are familiar with latitude and longitude but you may not be familiar with their exact definitions.
		The main things to know are: latitude runs north/south and each degree of latitude is about 111 km; longitude runs east/west and is 111 km times the cosine of the latitude.
		The last thing to keep in mind is that latitude and longitude are in degrees but when working with cos and sin you need to use radians and not degrees.
	blogs.missiondata.com /?p=44 (499 words)

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