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Topic: Circular DNA

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	The RING in DNA - Genetically Going in Circles May Eventually Turn You Inside OUT!-the academic view
		DNA carries the "codes" for the structural proteins and enzymes which give an organism its characteristics, and these codes must be passed from generation to generation.
		DNA solutions are gooey, and when a glass rod is dipped into DNA and raised up in the air, the sticky liquid is drawn into a thin thread.
		The failure of the two strands of circular DNA to separate under "melting" conditions made it possible for the scientific community to evade this obvious conclusion for many years, but the days of the "double-helix" as the presumed structure of DNA in living system are, in all probability, numbered.
	www.zayra.de /soulcom/circularDNA (11045 words)

	DNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		DNA is a long polymer of nucleotides (a polynucleotide) and encodes the sequence of the amino acid residues in proteins using the genetic code, a triplet code of nucleotides.
		DNA is often referred to as the molecule of heredity as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits.
		DNA profiling was developed in 1984 by English geneticist Sir Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester, and was first used to convict Colin Pitchfork in 1988 in the Enderby murders case in Leicestershire, England.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/DNA (6801 words)

	DNA Supercoiling as a Pattern for Understanding Psycho-social Twistedness
		DNA is a double stranded molecule composed of two polarized strands (of deoxyribonucleotide polymers) which run in opposite directions (termed antiparallel) and wind around a central, common axis -- one is entwined about the other such that an overall helical shape results (known as a plectonemic helix).
		DNA denaturation (or "melting") is due to the breakage of the hydrogen bonds in the Watson-Crick base-pairs, and is therefore reversible.
		DNA breathing and the lability of local stretches of the DNA double-helix is essential for numerous physiological processes such as the association of single-strand binding proteins, and the initiation of replication and transcription.
	www.laetusinpraesens.org /docs00s/dnahelix.php (3766 words)

	Circular DNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Circular DNA is a form of DNA found in bacteria and other archaea.
		While the individual strands of a linear double helix represent two distinct and separable molecules, this need not be true for circular DNA.
		If the strands twist an odd number of times around one another in completing the DNA loop, then they are covalently joined into a single molecule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Circular_DNA (94 words)

	Effects of Supercoiling in Electrophoretic Trapping of Circular DNA in Polyacrylamide Gels -- Åkerman 74 (6): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		DNA the degree of electrophoretic orientation in polyacrylamide
		Linear DNA is circularized in the presence of the supercoiled
		DNA electrophoresis in agarose gels: three regimes of DNA migration identified and characterized by the electrophoretic orientational behaviour of the DNA.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/74/6/3140 (7201 words)

	Millipore - Applications Bibliography - Preparing Circular DNA for AFM Imaging
		The investigation includes DNA morphology and DNA interaction with other molecules, which broadens our understanding of life processes and mechanisms.1,2 Immobilizing DNA is key to imaging it by AFM.
		It is difficult to obtain circular DNA because plasmid DNA exists in a surperhelical form under normal conditions.
		Generally, the methods of heating DNA solution and topoisomerase are used to obtain circular DNA.3 However, heating in water makes it easy to denature DNA, and using topoisomerase to obtain circular DNA is costly and time consuming.
	www.millipore.com /bibliography.nsf/docs/5kxmc2 (161 words)

	A novel cell-free system reveals a mechanism of circular DNA formation from tandem repeats -- Cohen and Mechali 29 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Circular multimers of satellite 1 are formed in vitro from naked sperm DNA and DNA from adult tissues.
		DNA was purified and analyzed by 2D gel electrophoresis and hybridization with a satellite 1 probe.
		Charomid DNA was incubated in high speed extract for 60 min in the absence (A and B) or presence of 50 µg/ml aphidicolin (C and D).
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/29/12/2542 (4074 words)

	Is Native DNA A Helix?
		If DNA has the TN structure, as is suggested by the studies of Wu and Wu, then common sense suggests that subjecting it to conditions promoting denaturation ought to yield a population of single-stranded circles.
		In the Pauling and Corey paper, DNA was held to be a three-stranded structure with the phosphate groups in the center, close-packed into tetrahedral formations, giving rise to a helix with the required pitch of 34 angstroms.
		Circular duplex DNA with the Watson-Crick double helical structure, when constrained to lie in a plane, may be depicted as in the drawing on the left (A).
	www.notahelix.com (7784 words)

	Circular Double-Stranded Forms of TT Virus DNA in the Liver -- Okamoto et al. 74 (11): 5161 -- The Journal of Virology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		TTV DNA samples extracted from paired serum and liver tissues from three viremic patients (Cases 1 to 3) along with a molecular size marker (500-bp DNA ladder [TaKaRa Shuzo]) were subjected to electrophoresis, and areas corresponding to 1.7 to 6.8 kb were cut into 20 gel slices.
		TTV DNA in circulating virions was deduced to have a sequence
		TTV DNA of genotype 1 is detected in liver tissues in levels 10 to 100 times higher than those in corresponding sera (21).
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/74/11/5161 (4921 words)

	Extrachromosomal Circular DNA of Tandemly Repeated Genomic Sequences in Drosophila -- Cohen et al. 13 (6): 1133 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		by Phosphorimager the intensities of the arc of linear DNA
		In a population of extrachromosomal supercoiled circular DNA
		Because eccDNA is a heterogeneous population of circular molecules,
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/13/6a/1133 (7217 words)

	Wu structure of DNA
		After the discovery of circular DNA, however, the Wu model suddenly became a possible structure for DNA in the real world, since superhelically-wound circular DNA is, in effect, a four-stranded structure consisting of two Watson-Crick-type duplexes wound together.
		However, one strand of the plasmid DNA is the sense strand and one the antisense strand.
		Then DNA replication-intermediate structures are not present to complicate the separation of the strands by intermediate structures of various sizes.
	www.notahelix.com /wu/index_wu.htm (1800 words)

	Circular DNA and RNA (Bioinformatics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Many of these DNA containing entities will be examined here to provide the necessary background to understand and appreciate the application of Mathematical Linguistics to the (mostly circular) DNA discussed.
		Bacteria typically do not contain a nucleus, their DNA is located in cytoplasmic plasmids (typically circular in form, not linear, but there are exceptions as always: there are linear forms).
		Viroids are covalently bound circular RNA, that differ from viruses and viral satellite RNA in that they exist in unencapsulated form and do not code for any proteins (they utilize host proteins for most biological functions such as replication, thus may be viewed as minimal parasites).
	www.cybcon.com /~plasmid/mtDNA.html (10719 words)

	High Resolution Physical Mapping of DNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Circular DNA molecules were excised from a PFGE gel and purified by agarose digestion.
		A small plasmid probe of aobut 2 kb was mapped onto a single, closed circular BAC DNA molecule.
		Non-isotopically labeled DNA probes are hybridized to linearized or circular DNA molecules bound to a solid substrate and stretched by a hydrodynamic force to ~2.3 kb/(micrometer).
	www.lbl.gov /Tech-Transfer/techs/lbnl1101.html (277 words)

	Localization and dynamics of small circular DNA in live mammalian nuclei -- Mearini et al. 32 (8): 2642 -- Nucleic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Plasmid DNA was incubated with increasing amount of rhodamine-labeled PNA (0–500 molar excess) in TE (20 µl final volume) at 37°C for 3 h.
		The recovered DNA was quantified by (A) transformation of competent bacteria and counting the number of clones and by real-time PCR (B).
		Lukacs,G.L., Haggie,P., Seksek,O., Lechardeur,D., Freedman,N. and Verkman,A.S. (2000) Size-dependent DNA mobility in cytoplasm and nucleus.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/32/8/2642 (6559 words)

	Inhibitory Effect of Adefovir on Viral DNA Synthesis and Covalently Closed Circular DNA Formation in Duck Hepatitis B ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Inhibitory Effect of Adefovir on Viral DNA Synthesis and Covalently Closed Circular DNA Formation in Duck Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Hepatocytes In Vivo and In Vitro -- Delmas et al.
		Inhibitory Effect of Adefovir on Viral DNA Synthesis and Covalently Closed Circular DNA Formation in Duck Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Hepatocytes In Vivo and In Vitro
		DNA) from the nucleus of infected hepatocytes is an obstacle
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/46/2/425 (418 words)

	Kassel University \| Genetics Dept. \|\| Projects \|\|\| Nanostructures \|\|\|\| Poster
		As a first step we investigated well known objects like circular and linearized DNA, then we went a step further trying to visualize protein-nucleic acid interactions.
		T7 RNA polymerase bound to pGEM3Z plasmid DNA linearized with NdeI.
		Jovin, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen for valuable discussions and help to start with DNA preparations for AFM; the Companies Park Scientific (last two images) and DI (rest of the AFM images) for the opportunity of testing their AFMs; N.
	www.uni-kassel.de /fb19/genetics/projects/nano/poster.html (473 words)

	Regulated Formation of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA Molecules during Development in Xenopus laevis -- Cohen et al. 19 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Regulated Formation of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA Molecules during Development in Xenopus laevis -- Cohen et al.
		Extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules of chromosomal origin have been detected in many organisms and are thought to reflect
		Cohen, S., Yacobi, K., Segal, D. Extrachromosomal Circular DNA of Tandemly Repeated Genomic Sequences in Drosophila.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/19/10/6682 (352 words)

	A Sequence-Independent Strategy for Detection and Cloning of Circular DNA Virus Genomes by Using Multiply Primed ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		DNA (18), at which stage this DNA could also be prone to amplification
		A papillomavirus DNA from a cervical carcinoma and its prevalence in cancer biopsy samples from different geographic regions.
		Induction of circular episomes during rescue and replication of adeno-associated virus in experimental models of virus latency.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/78/10/4993 (4818 words)

	Circular Dna Binding Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Reference for DNA -- dna, dna testing, dna test, death dna from number peopl...
		Electrophoresis: Linear and Circular DNA in the Presence of...
		Plasmids are little pieces of circular DNA that are passed from...
	www.itgeniusclub.com /dna-testing/circular-dna-binding-test.html (399 words)

	Abstract for E. coli T7 S30 Extract System for Circular DNA Technical Bulletin TB219
		coli T7 S30 Extract System for Circular DNA simplifies the transcription/translation of DNA sequences cloned in plasmid or lambda vectors containing a T7 promoter by providing an extract that contains T7 RNA polymerase for transcription and all necessary components for translation.
		The investigator supplies only cloned DNA containing a T7 promoter and a ribosome binding site.
		The T7 S30 Extract for Circular DNA Templates is prepared by modifications of the method described by Zubay from an E.
	www.promega.com /tbs/tb219/tb219.html (138 words)

	E. coli S30 Extract System for Circular DNA from Promega - Biocompare Buyer's Guide
		coli S30 Extract for Circular DNA simplifies the transcription/translation of DNA sequences cloned in plasmid or λ vectors, providing a powerful tool for identifying and characterizing polypeptides.
		The investigator needs only to supply the cloned DNA containing the appropriate prokaryotic promoter and ribosome binding sites.
		The S30 Extract for Circular DNA Templates is prepared by modifications of the method described by Zubay from an E.
	www.biocompare.com /itemdetails.asp?itemid=257339 (286 words)

	BW Main - Graphical Tools
		CIRDNA draws circular maps of DNA constructs (EMBOSS).
		Different agarose gel-percentage, run length (Min bp), and DNA molecular weight markers can be selected.
		Circular DNA may be plotted either circular or linear.
	homepage.univie.ac.at /herbert.mayer/MainGRAPH.html (167 words)

	(WO/2004/033664) CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULE HAVING A CONDITIONAL ORIGIN OF REPLICATION, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		(WO/2004/033664) CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULE HAVING A CONDITIONAL ORIGIN OF REPLICATION, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE IN GENE THERAPY
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	www.wipo.int /pctdb/en/wo.jsp?IA=US2003032512&DISPLAY=HISTORY (66 words)

	DNA
		= location of DNA replication (prokaryotes: 2; eukaryotes: many)
		If you digested a DNA preparation with acid at 100
		C for 1 hour, all four bases will be retrieved.
	www.ndc.edu /biology/courses/BI270/DNA.htm (117 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #5265672 - Modifications of circular DNA by photoalkylation
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		560111 -- Radiation Effects on Biochemicals-- In Vitro-- (-1987); DNA-- ALKYLATION;DNA-- BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS;STRAND BREAKS-- RADIOINDUCTION; BACTERIOPHAGES;CARBON 14 COMPOUNDS;DICHROISM;NEAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS;PURINES;PYRIMIDINE DIMERS;TRITIUM COMPOUNDS
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=5265672 (145 words)

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