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Topic: Circular definition

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	Definition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Contextual definition Some words cannot be clearly defined on their own, but it is possible to offer a schema for defining every sentence in which they occur--that is, a way of replacing every sentence containing the expression with another sentence not containing the expression.
		Persuasive definition "is a type of definition in which a term is defined in such a way as to be an argument for a particular position (as opposed to a lexical definition, which aims to be neutral to all usages), and is deceptive in that it has the surface form of a dictionary definition."
		The definition of a concept, or of (a given sense of) a word or phrase, is a description of its intension—that is, the set of properties that characterizes all and only members of the extension of the word; the extension is all the things that the concept, word, or phrase applies to.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Definition (1674 words)

	Circular definition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A circular definition occurred in an early definition of the kilogram.
		Circular sets are good for modelling cycles and, despite the field's name, this area of mathematics is well founded.
		Computer science allows for procedures to be defined by using recursion—such definitions are not circular as long as they terminate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Circular_definition (296 words)

	Fallacies of definition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A circular definition is somewhat similar to a question-begging argument: neither offers us enlightenment about the thing we wanted to be enlightened about.
		A definition is too broad if it applies to things that are not part of the extension of the word defined.
		Definitions should be stated in plain, straightforward language that can be understood by the people to whom the definitions are given.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fallacy+of+definition (665 words)

	Circular functions - Definition of Circular functions - Circular functions in Encyclopedia - DictionaryWords.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Circular instruments, mathematical instruments employed for measuring angles, in which the graduation extends round the whole circumference of a circle, or 360[deg].
		Circular numbers (Arith.), those whose powers terminate in the same digits as the roots themselves; as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25 and 36.
		Circular points at infinity (Geom.), two imaginary points at infinite distance through which every circle in the plane is, in the theory of curves, imagined to pass.
	www.dictionarywords.net /find/word/Circular+functions (970 words)

	Recursive definition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A recursive definition is a one which defines a word in terms of itself, albeit in a useful way.
		The difference between a circular definition and a recursive definition is that a recursive definition must have base cases, cases that satisfy the definition without being defined in terms of the definition itself, and all other cases comprising the definition must be "smaller" (closer to those base cases that terminate the recursion).
		In contrast, a circular definition has no base cases and defines itself in terms of itself, rather than a version of itself closer to a base case.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Recursive_definition (477 words)

	Circular definition -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		To someone not knowing either which trees are oaks or which nuts are acorns, the (A concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol) definition is fairly useless.
		A circular definition occurred in an early definition of the (One thousand grams; the basic unit of mass adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites) kilogram.
		(The branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures) Computer science allows for procedures to be defined by using ((mathematics) an expression such that each term is generated by repeating a particular mathematical operation) recursion—such definitions are not circular as long as they terminate.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ci/circular_definition.htm (306 words)

	Oct 3, Question 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In contrast all part of the circular definition are self-reference or mirror image of the previous one in which it will never satisfy the definition or it will never be forced to "bottom out".
		Circular definitions are formulated in terms of itself.
		It is circular because it is the exact same text with the exact same melody/rhytm/chords, etc. It is the same repeated pattern and it would be considered circular because it would never end, it would just continue to return to the beginning.
	www.yorku.ca /bwall/math3500/responses/oct3q2.htm (2605 words)

	Circular definition - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It was later defined as the mass of a certain piece of metal in Sèvres.
		A circular definition also crept into the classic definition of death that was once "the permanent cessation of the flow of vital bodily fluids", which begged the question "what makes a fluid vital?"
		So even two very precise fields of study allow for circular definitions of objects to exist.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Circular_definition (255 words)

	* Circular - (Photography): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The circular diffuser was created for the purpose of retaining bright, sharp eyes while diffusing other facial components...
		Is a circular mount, available in several sizes enabling accessories such as filters to be used with lenses of different diameters.
		Although theoretically a fully circular aperture is preferable, you are only likely to notice any difference when photographing subjects with out of focus highlights or flare spots...
	en.mimi.hu /photography/circular.html (806 words)

	CIRCULAR - Definition
		Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons having a common interest; circulated, or intended for circulation; as, a circular letter.
		{Circular or Globular} {sailing} (Naut.), the method of sailing by the arc of a great circle.
		A circular letter, or paper, usually printed, copies of which are addressed or given to various persons; as, a business circular.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/circular (341 words)

	"Circular" Definition
		An analyst"s report which recommends that certain shares be bought, held or sold, based on his projections of the company"s future earnings and its future share price.
		Circular - An analyst"s report which recommends that certain shares be bought, held or sold, based on his projections of the company"s future earnings and its future share price.
		Circular : an analyst"s report which recommends that certain shares be bought, held or sold, based on his projections of the company"s future earnings and its future share price.
	www.level2.ru /dictionary/c/circular.html (85 words)

	Part program creation method - Patent 4660148
		Further, upon observing graphic definition statements for similar shapes which are different dimensions, one notices that the arrangement of the symbols representing the points, straight lines and circular arcs are the same, with only the dimension data being different.
		The mode for creation of the circular arc definition statement is a mode in which a statement defining a circular arc passing through three separately entered points is created and produced as an output.
		7, the graphic definition statement is applied as an input to a curved surface generating apparatus, and a curved surface is generated in the curved surface generating apparatus from the graphic definition statement of the cross-sectional shape, thereby to create an NC tape for the curved surface.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4660148.html (3816 words)

	Definition and Meaning
		Theoretical definitions are special cases of stipulative or precising definition, distinguished by their attempt to establish the use of this term within the context of a broader intellectual framework.
		Newton's definition of the terms "mass" and "inertia" carried with them a commitment to (at least part of) his theories about the conditions in which physical objects move.
		Since a circular definition uses the term being defined as part of its own definition, it can't provide any useful information; either the audience already understands the meaning of the term, or it cannot understand the explanation that includes that term.
	www.philosophypages.com /lg/e05.htm (1750 words)

	Circular knitting definition for textile and clothing industr
		Originally, circular knitting was done using a set of four or five double pointed needles.
		Later a circular needle was invented; the circular needle looks like two standard knitting needles connected by a cable between them.
		Choose a circular length that is appropriate for the project you are knitting.
	www.apparelsearch.com /Definitions/Fabric/circular_knitting%AD_definition.htm (855 words)

	Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A definition may be a statement of the essential properties of a certain thing, or a statement of equivalence between a term and that term's meaning.
		Another definition could be a list of names of all of the men in the world who are bachelors.
		The definition of a concept, or of (a given sense of) a word or phrase, is a description of its intension--that is, the set of properties that characterizes all and only members of the extension of the word; the extension is all the things that the concept, word, or phrase applies to.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/de/Definition.htm (713 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The problem with this definition was that the LRM did not clearly specify whether the term "change" referred to the representation of a signal's value or the actual value itself.
		The earlier definition of an event was incomplete for a real signal that went from -0.0 to +0.0.
		While resolving the circular definition in VHDL-2002, we need to ensure that the ambiguity in the earlier definition is also addressed.
	www.vhdl.org /isac/hm/att-0059/00-part (321 words)

	Aristotle -- Motion and its Place in Nature [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		In each case the circular definition is chosen in preference to the one which seems laden with contradictions.
		Thomas' account of Aristotle's definition of motion, though immeasurably superior to that of Sir David Ross as interpretation, and far more sophisticated as an approach to and specification of the conditions an account of motion would have to meet, seems ultimately subject to the same circularity.
		Thomas' account of the meaning of Aristotle's definition forces him to construe the grammar of the definition in such a way that the clause introduced by the dative singular feminine relative pronoun he has as its antecedent, in two cases, the neuter participle tou ontos, and in the third, the neuter substantive adjective tou dunatou.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/a/aris-mot.htm (4530 words)

	Circular definition: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Circular definition
		Circular definition: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Circular definition
		If someone doesn't know which trees are oaks (or which nuts are acorns) to begin with, they are left wondering.
		A circular definition occurred in the definition of the kilogram.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ci/Circular-definition.html (167 words)

	Circular Letter No. 25 (2002) - Applicability, Guidelines and Procedures for Compliance with the Provisions of the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The purpose of this Circular Letter is to provide guidelines to insurers with respect to the issuance in New York of policies subject to the Act and to supplement the Interim Guidances issued by the Department of the Treasury on December 3 and 18, 2002.
		This Circular Letter also provides guidance to property/casualty insurers with respect to the underwriting criteria and policy terms and conditions applicable to limitations of coverage in property/casualty policies for terrorist acts that are not covered by the Act.
		However, one of the purposes of this Circular Letter is to provide guidance to all insurers that may have implemented terrorism exclusions, including excess line insurers.
	www.ins.state.ny.us /cl02_25.htm (2368 words)

	patrissimo: Circular definition of rationality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		That's not a circular definition; it's an axiom.
		Mises' definition of "rational" is the presumably then-common "relating to reason; not physical; mental".
		The purpose of a definition is to distinguish a concept from all other concepts and thus to keep its units differentiated from all other existents.
	www.livejournal.com /users/patrissimo/61239.html (7480 words)

	Nature...Reveal Thyself: Glossary
		A circular definition is one that contains a word which when inspected for its definition is defined by the first term.
		An example of a circular definition would be "Life: That which is not dead" and "Dead: That which is not alive" and "Alive: Possessing life".
		The definitions of life, dead and alive (shown in this example) are meaningless in that each word is an undefined term that uses another undefined word to describe itself.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Delphi/1059/glossary.html (332 words)

	Sinclair Community College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A circular definition occurs if the writer uses the term being defined in the definition.
		Strategy: Identify the term defined and the attributes of its definition.
		Demonstrate that one attribute of the definition is identical to the term being defined.
	sinclair.edu /centers/wc/LogicalFallacy/CircularDefinition/index.cfm (51 words)

	Diana Mertz Hsieh: Stone on Meaningfulness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The problem with this definition is that it is clearly circular.
		But as a methodological issues, I wonder why Tom was okay with openly proposing a circular definition.
		I don't think that we can be left with a circular definition of meaning because a concept that utilizes a circular definition must be ostensible in order to be valid.
	www.dianahsieh.com /internet/1995.10.21.html (321 words)

	Definition: circular polarization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Note 4: Circular polarization may be referred to as "right-hand" or "left-hand," depending on whether the helix describes the thread of a right-hand or left-hand screw, respectively.
		These definitions were prepared by ATIS Committee T1A1.
		For more information on the work related to these definitions, please visit the ATIS website.
	www.atis.org /tg2k/_circular_polarization.html (149 words)

	U.S. Copyright Office - Copyright Basics (Circular 1)
		Request Circular 38b and see the "Notice of Copyright" section of this publication for further information.
		A further discussion of the definition of "publication" can be found in the legislative history of the 1976 Copyright Act.
		The reports state that the definition makes it clear that the sale of phonorecords constitutes publication of the underlying work, for example, the musical, dramatic, or literary work embodied in a phonorecord.
	www.copyright.gov /circs/circ1.html (7014 words)

	Circular 29 DEFINITION OF WAGES TRAVELLING ALLOWANCES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Following a review of the interpretation of Section 3 (1a) a motor vehicle travelling allowance will as from 1 April, 1990 only be taxable to the extent that it exceeds the prescribed rate or an amount calculated at the prescribed rate.
		Any allowance paid at a rate in excess of 56 cents per kilometre will fall within the definition of wages for that portion in excess of 56 cents.
		If for example, an allowance is paid at the rate of 66 cents per business kilometre, 10 cents per kilometre will be taxable.
	www.revenuesa.sa.gov.au /circulars/c29.html (214 words)

	Fallacies of Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The purpose of a definition is to state exactly what a word means.
		If the definition is successful, then the reader should be able go out into the world and select every apple which exists, and only apples.
		Circular Definition (The definition includes the term being defined as a part of the definition)
	www.datanation.com /fallacies/define/welcome.htm (166 words)

	sciforums.com - Full list of physics concepts with circular definition?
		Does existence of "circular" concepts implies that those concepts are 1) basic building blocks of universe; 2) we have little clue about them.
		If you pay close attention, the definition of the potential energy is carefully set so that we can deal with the conservation of a scalar quantity if a force has certain characteristics (irrotational, for instance).
		There really aren't that many "circular" definitions in physics except for when you're scratching the surface and don't really relate the larger picture to a few basic postulates.
	www.sciforums.com /printthread.php?t=40042&pp=40 (3045 words)

	Naturally occurring circular permutations in proteins -- Uliel et al. 14 (8): 533 -- Protein Engineering Design and ...
		The sequence-based definition is expected to identify cases of `proper' circular permutation (A).
		A circular permutation can be detected by backtracking from this smallest value, as is evident in the example shown.
		Note that the exact algorithm is an upper bound for the approximate algorithm and that the two algorithms both indicate the same circular permutation between the two proteins.
	peds.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/14/8/533 (5019 words)

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