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Topic: Circular reference

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	Weak reference - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Weak references are used to prevent circular references and to avoid keeping in memory referenced but unneeded objects.
		Reference counting schemes record the number of references to a given object and collect the object when the reference count becomes zero.
		Weak references may be used to solve the problem of circular references if the reference cycles are broken by replacing strong references with weak references.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Weak_reference (351 words)

	Circular reference - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A circular reference, or sometimes known as a run-around by some people, is a series of references where the last object references the first, thus causing the whole series of references to be unusable.
		Circular references can appear in computer programming when one piece of code requires the result from another, but that code needs the result from the first.
		A circular reference happens when a person tries to explain or prove something based on what it is they are already talking about.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Circular_reference (465 words)

	Quantrix - Tools for Professional Financial Modeling
		Quantrix indicates a circular reference is present by placing a yellow circle next to the matrix name in the model browser.
		Additionally, each formula that is involved in a circular reference has a yellow notification diamond along with wording indicating that a circular reference is involved.
		Circular references are an effective way to derive answers from calculations that depend on each other.
	www.quantrix.com /r-doc-4-15-73 (552 words)

	Decision Models - Excel Pages - Calculation Secrets, Downloads and Tips
		There is one major problem with using circular references: once you have one circular reference it is very difficult to distinguish between mistakes that have created inadvertent circular references and the intentional circular reference.
		After the circular references and their dependents have been identified each iteration requires Excel to calculate not only all the cells in the circular reference, but also any cells which are dependent on the cells in the circular reference chain.
		So if you have a heavy calculation which is dependent on cells in the circular reference it can be faster to isolate this into a separate closed workbook and open it for recalculation after the circular calculation has converged.
	www.decisionmodels.com /calcsecretsk.htm (706 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In another embodiment of the invention, the laser/detector package comprises an attachment plate having a reference surface; a header post that is perpendicular to the reference surface; a sub-mount that abuts the reference surface when attached to the header post; and a laser diode attached to the sub-mount.
		The laser diode is positioned on the sub-mount such that an edge of the laser diode abuts the marking parallel to the reference surface and a line on the laser diode aligns with the marking perpendicular to the reference surface.
		In terms of horizontal positioning with reference to circular attachment plate 1, it is laser diode line 320 that is critical rather than the edges of laser diode 7.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=02/73755.020919&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4491 words)

	[No title]
		POLICY It is DoD policy under reference (a) that a MC Program be established to review, evaluate and report on the effectiveness of MCs in the Department of Defense, and to take appropriate action to identify and correct ineffective MCs and to establish MCs when warranted.
		Under OMB Circular A-123 (reference (c)), “...management controls should be an integral part of the entire cycle of planning, budgeting, management, accounting, and auditing.
		Reference (c) is the most pertinent yardstick for this factor.
	www.dtic.mil /whs/directives/corres/text/i501040p.txt (4642 words)

	Garbage Collection and Memory Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When a circular reference occurs, the objects are never recognized as "unused" and are thus never deleted as they should be.
		Circular references thus lead to "islands" of unused memory which do not get released.
		This type of circular reference is rare, but if your simulation design makes use of these types of structures, you may have to explicitly overwrite variables in order to ensure that no circular references exist.
	www.spiderland.org /breveSavers/breve_docs/docs/garbage_collection.html (380 words)

	Microsoft Office Assistance: Allow or correct a circular reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		You can remove a circular reference, or you can have Excel calculate each cell involved in the circular reference once by using the results of the previous iteration (iteration: Repeated calculation of a worksheet until a specific numeric condition is met.).
		Circular Reference toolbar (toolbar: A bar with buttons and options that you use to carry out commands.
		Note The status bar displays the word "Circular," followed by a reference to one of the cells contained in the circular reference.
	office.microsoft.com /en-us/assistance/HP052002851033.aspx (468 words)

	ASP.NET Forums - "Circular file references are not allowed" after running RC Upgrade Wizard
		A circular reference can be introduced when adding the Reference directive to tell the compiler where to find another page's class.
		The only way to break a circular reference is to take one of the controls and use the Abstract Base Class design pattern (see the Common Migration Issues and Solutions white paper as http://msdn.microsoft.com/asp.net/migration/upgrade/default.aspx for more detail).
		If you precompiling you should be OK Identfy where the circular reference is coming from, normally when a file in Folder1 referring to a file in folder2 and totally different file in folder2 referring back to another file in folder1 you may see this.
	forums.asp.net /1063120/ShowPost.aspx (1179 words)

	perl.com: Proxy Objects
		Circular references are simply self-referential data structures -- a complex data structure that at some point contains a reference to a part of itself further up in the hierarchy.
		When the reference count goes down to zero, that variable's memory is freed, and its destructor is called.
		Circular references occur when a variable either directly or indirectly refers to itself somehow.
	www.perl.com /pub/a/2002/08/07/proxyobject.html (1080 words)

	vbAccelerator - Dealing with Circular References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The effects of a circular reference can range from using more memory than you ought to (possibly to the extent that you get an Out Of Memory error) to much harsher effects when you are experimenting with API calls.
		The problem with a circular reference is there is no event which automatically occurs when the owner of the Parent object releases its reference.
		By doing this, the Worker objects release their references on the parent, so the additional reference count is removed, and then the Parent object can terminate as soon as it goes out of scope.
	www.vbaccelerator.com /home/VB/Code/Techniques/Dealing_with_Circular_References/article.asp (1597 words)

	Page 3 - A Simple Garbage Collector for C++
		The main disadvantage is that circular references prevent memory that is otherwise unused from being released.
		The one drawback to using reference counting is its difficulty in handling circular references.
		To implement a reference counting garbage collector, there must be some way to keep track of the number of pointers that point to each piece of dynamically allocated memory.
	www.devarticles.com /c/a/Cplusplus/A-Simple-Garbage-Collector-for-C-plus-plus/2 (1840 words)

	perlobj - perldoc.perl.org
		A constructor is merely a subroutine that returns a reference to something "blessed" into a class, generally the class that the subroutine is defined in.
		Outside the class package, the reference is generally treated as an opaque value that may be accessed only through the class's methods.
		Whatever is on the left side of the arrow, whether a reference or a class name, is passed to the method subroutine as its first argument.
	perldoc.perl.org /perlobj.html (3005 words)

	Understanding and Solving Internet Explorer Leak Patterns (Windows IETechCol) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Circular references are the root of nearly every leak.
		You could have circular references at the end of a 30 object chain and those would be much harder to detect.
		With closures, these variables and parameters continue to have an outstanding reference as long as the closure is alive, and since closures can live beyond the lifetime of their parent function so can any of the locals and parameters in that function.
	msdn.microsoft.com /library/en-us/IETechCol/dnwebgen/ie_leak_patterns.asp?frame=true (2935 words)

	Larry Osterman's WebLog : Concurrency, part 6 - Reference counting is hard :)
		The notification manager references the delegator, not the Thing1 object, and thus the lifetime of Thing1 is unaffected by the notification manager.
		I have had to debug many problems of circular references, and to me deadlock problems and circular references are a lot alike.
		Often, reference counting is used as a remedy for some problem and added on some stage of coding (or even after it was already done).
	blogs.msdn.com /larryosterman/archive/2005/02/21/377485.aspx (1479 words)

	XL2000: Visual Basic Macro to List Circular References
		In a Microsoft Excel 2000 worksheet, when a formula in a cell refers to the same cell the formula occupies, either directly or indirectly, a circular reference is created.
		A circular reference occurs whenever the cell containing the circular reference formula is included in the formula's precedents.
		A new sheet is added to the active workbook, listing the cell addresses of circular references in column A and the formula at that address in column B. If no circular references are found, the new sheet is empty.
	support.microsoft.com /?kbid=213826 (636 words)

	Excel XP/X: Troubleshooting Formulas, UWEC
		Circular references occur when a formula refers to itself to determine the answer.
		For example, if the function =sum(b1:b10) was to be displayed in cell B10, we would have a circular reference because the result of the formula is required to determine the result.
		This is where the circular reference is located.
	www.uwec.edu /Help/ExcelXP/trshoot.htm (399 words)

	Explanation of References on Astrometric Observations
		Astrometric observations of comets, minor planets and natural satellites that are accepted for publication in the Minor Planet Circulars (MPCs), the Minor Planet Supplement (MPSs), the Minor Planet Electronic Circulars and the IAU Circulars have a publication reference copied onto the observational record.
		In the new observation format this reference is easily readable, but limitations in the current format mean that the reference has to be compressed.
		Since observations from these circulars were often being used in the general community without attribution, an explicit reference is now added to the observations on the circular.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /iau/info/References.html (530 words)

	Circular Dichroism - Reference
		In addition to the traditional topic of optical rotation and circular dichroism in the visible and ultraviolet regions associated with electronic transitions, the newer topic of optical activity associated with vibrational transitions, which may be studied using both infrared and Raman techniques, is also treated.
		Circular Dichroism and linear Dichroism provides an introduction to all those wishing lo use the complementary spectroscopic techniques of optical activity (Circular Dichroism, CD) and optical anisotropy (Linear Dichroism, LD) for the study of the structure of molecules and interactions between molecules in solution.
		Circular Dichroism and linear Dichroism is an easily understandable and directly applicable manual to the use and interpretation of both CD and LD.
	www.jasco.co.uk /cd_reference.asp (754 words)

	(WO 02/073755) SYSTEM AND METHOD OF PACKAGING A LASER/DETECTOR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In particular, the laser/dectector package of the present invention includes an attachment plate having a reference surface; a header post that is perpendicular to the reference surface when attached to the reference surface; sub-mount that houses a laser diode and abuts the reference surface or a spacer, which abuts the reference surface.
		By abutting the reference surface or the spacer, the laser diode attached to the sub-mount is easily and precisely positioned a proper distance from the reference surface.
		Additionaly, preferred embodiments of the invention include a marking on the sub-mount that is parallel to the reference surface and a marking that is perpendicular to the reference surface on the spacer or sub-mount.
	wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=02/73755.020919&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (272 words)

	[No title]
		Circular references don't cause objects to be kept alive.
		Proof that circular references between forms and their event handlers are not sufficient to cause memory leaks.
		Both of these statements are true regardless of whether the references are normal explicit object references, or references held via a delegate.
	www.interact-sw.co.uk /iangblog/2004/07/07/circulareventrefs (940 words)

	Spreadsheet Applications in Animal Sciences & Industry
		The formula containing the circular reference will evaluate to zero, and there will be a note on the status bar indicating the cell containing the circular reference.
		For example, in the mixed reference $A2, the column reference ($A) is absolute and the row reference (2) is relative.
		The easiest way to enter these references is by actually opening the second file and pointing to the cell or range of cells you want to use.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /ed_asi490/Excel/excel2.htm (3710 words)

	Changing Display Options
		When checked, circular references in the spreadsheet are indicated with two small dots beside the value.
		A circular reference is a reference or series of references that ultimately refers back to itself.
		In this circumstance, all the cells would be marked as containing a circular reference.
	www.gobe.com /gp/help/Spreadsheet/SSDisplay.htm (184 words)

	Project THREAD - Project Information
		The "Changes To" column reflects how a reference type updates if a formula containing the reference is copied two cells down and two cells to the right.
		When a formula refers back to its own cell, either directly or indirectly, it is called a circular reference.
		You can remove a circular reference, or you can have Excel calculate each cell involved in the circular reference once by using the results of the previous iteration.
	www.unlv.edu /projects/THREAD/instructional_materials/ms_excel_calcs/msCalcs09.html (214 words)

	FastExcel - Helps you to run Excel Faster
		Circular cross-reference paths can consume significant calculation time, which shows up in the workbook overhead.
		The example workbook has a number of circular paths, but there is no workbook overhead after changing the worksheet calculation sequence, so it’s probably not worth trying to merge any sheets.
		Don’t remove circular paths unless you still have a workbook overhead.
	www.decisionmodels.com /fxluserg.htm (736 words)

	Frontend.Include (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The inclusion reference for a given derivation is the source or target reference of the derivation expression that has the same keys as the detail key names specified as part of the derivation seed.
		Note that an included reference may or may not be embedded in the user-interface, but that an excluded reference will not appear anywhere on the resulting user-interface.
		As noted in the discussion of parent and lookup references, the Frontend.Include tag can be used in conjunction with the Frontend.Elaborate tag to extend the elaboration process to the references associated with the target of a parent or lookup reference.
	www.alphora.com /docs/bk02pt03ch16s01s01s04s02.html (359 words)

	Brendan Tompkins : Circular File References and Other ASP.NET 2.0 / VS 2005 Conversion Issues
		The solution for first type of circular reference is to create an abstract base class in the App_Code folder with one of the references, then remove the Reference directive from the associated web form or user control file.
		The second type of circular reference is a by-product of the ASP.NET compiler "batching" assemblies together for performance reasons.
		When it is set to true, then the compiler will batch assemblies (in a non-deterministic way, but usually one per folder) which may hide broken references, including circular references.
	codebetter.com /blogs/brendan.tompkins/archive/2005/11/18/134838.aspx (492 words)

	Dealing with Circular References (Visual Basic 6) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Object models with loops, or circular references, result when a dependent object has a property or variable that holds a reference to one of the objects that contains it.
		Note You could avoid the circular reference in this case by making the MostRecentOrder property a text key that could be used to retrieve the Order object from the components Orders collection.
		This means that a circular reference keeps an in-process component loaded indefinitely, and the memory taken up by orphaned objects cannot be reclaimed until the client application closes.
	msdn.microsoft.com /library/en-us/vbcon98/html/vbcondealingwithcircularreferences.asp (838 words)

	Perl.com: Proxy Objects
		This is why we get what appears to be memory leaks when we use circular references.
		The basic idea is to flag a reference as weakened, so as to not include it in the reference counting.
		Circular references are a useful tool, and sometimes a neccessary evil.
	www.perl.com /lpt/a/2002/08/07/proxyobject.html (2399 words)

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