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Topic: Circumcision

Related Topics

History of male circumcision

Brit milah

Genital modification and mutilation

Phimosis

Female circumcision

Clitoridectomy

Male circumcision

Foreskin

Medical analysis of circumcision

Circumcision in the Bible

Circumcision and law

Bioethics of neonatal circumcision

	Circumcision -- familydoctor.org
		During a circumcision, the prepuce or the foreskin, which is the skin that covers the tip of the penis, is removed.
		Circumcision is usually performed on the first or second day after birth.
		Study results are mixed about whether circumcision may help reduce the risk of cervical cancer in female sex partners, and whether it helps prevent certain problems with the penis, such as infections and unwanted swelling.
	familydoctor.org /042.xml (849 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Circumcision
		circumcision was given as a sign of the covenant; so that the uncircumcision of the New Law is the continuation of the first ages of faith upon the earth.
		circumcision was a figure of baptism: this retrenches and restrains the animal
		circumcision, and as females were even after its institution, by some sign -- the parents' prayer, for instance -- expressive of faith.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03777a.htm (2667 words)

	Circumcision - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Circumcision may be recommended to treat a variety of conditions, such as pathological phimosis, chronic inflammations of the penis and penile cancer.
		Circumcision may be undertaken as a body modification of the genitals to change the looks of the penis to appeal more to certain aesthetics.
		Circumcision is a religious practice traditionally required by Judaism, usually performed in a ceremony called a Brit (or Bris) milah (Hebrew for "Covenant of circumcision").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Circumcision (4986 words)

	Male Circumcision and Risk for HIV Transmission: Implications for the United States \| Factsheets \| CDC HIV/AIDS
		In addition, the proportion of newborns who were circumcised in the Midwest increased during the 20-year period—from 74% in 1979 to 81% in 1999; the proportion of infants born in the West who were circumcised decreased from 64% in 1979 to 37% in 1999.
		Circumcision was more common among newborns who were born to families of higher socioeconomic status, born in the Northeast or Midwest, and who were fl [33].
		A large retrospective study of circumcision in nearly 15,000 infants found neonatal circumcision to be highly cost-effective, considering the estimated number of averted cases of infant urinary tract infection and lifetime incidence of HIV infection, penile cancer, balanoposthitis, and phimosis.
	www.cdc.gov /hiv/resources/factsheets/circumcision.htm (3238 words)

	Circumcision
		And babies born with physical abnormalities of the penis that need to be corrected surgically often aren't circumcised at all because the foreskin may eventually be used as part of a reconstructive operation.
		Circumcised men may also be at lower risk for penile cancer, although the disease is rare in both circumcised and uncircumcised males.
		Complications of newborn circumcision are uncommon, occurring in between 0.2% to 3% of cases.
	kidshealth.org /parent/system/surgical/circumcision.html (1421 words)

	Circumcision
		Circumcision is a surgical procedure that involves partial or complete removal of the foreskin (prepuce) of the penis.
		Circumcision may be appropriate as a routine preventive measure only in regions that have a high rate of HIV infection, such as sub-Saharan Africa.
		When circumcision is necessary for an immediate medical reason, the surgeon would be prudent to try to preserve as much of the foreskin as possible, through some form of preputioplasty (a plastic surgery procedure that alters the shape of the foreskin but minimises the amount of skin removed).
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /menshealth/facts/circumcision.htm (2146 words)

	Circumcision
		And babies born with physical abnormalities of the penis that need to be corrected surgically often aren't circumcised at all because the foreskin may eventually be used as part of a reconstructive operation.
		Circumcised men may also be at lower risk for penile cancer, although the disease is rare in both circumcised and uncircumcised males.
		Complications of newborn circumcision are uncommon, occurring in between 0.2% to 3% of cases.
	www.kidshealth.org /parent/system/surgical/circumcision.html (1446 words)

	Recent Medical Studies On Circumcision
		In addition, circumcision has been shown to disrupt the mother-infant bond, and some mothers report significant distress after allowing their son to be circumcised.
		Expressions from circumcised men are generally lacking because most circumcised men do not understand what circumcision is, emotional repression keeps feelings from awareness, or men may be aware of these feelings but afraid of disclosure.
		In view of the acute as well as long-term risks from circumcision and the legal liabilities that might arise, it is timely for health professionals and scientists to re-examine the evidence on this issue and participate in the debate about the advisability of this surgical procedure on unconsenting minors.
	www.circumcision.org /studies.htm (1989 words)

	Circumcision
		Circumcision is a procedure in which the foreskin -- the sheath of tissue covering the head of the penis -- is removed.
		Circumcision is often chosen by parents so that their son will not "look different" from his father or peers.
		It was once believed that circumcision would prevent masturbation, as stated earlier, that was in the 1800s when masturbation was not looked upon as a healthy thing to be doing.
	www.coolnurse.com /circumcision.htm (967 words)

	Adult Circumcision - March 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians
		Circumcision in adults is performed much less often; however, accurate statistics are not available.
		There are no specific contraindications to adult circumcision in the literature; however, patients with active infection, possible squamous cell carcinoma of the penis or anatomic abnormalities of the external genitalia should be referred for a urologic consultation.
		Circumcision at the 121st Evacuation Hospital: report of a questionnaire with cross-cultural observations.
	www.aafp.org /afp/990315ap/1514.html (2240 words)

	The Case Against Circumcision
		The vast majority of whom are Muslim.[29] The neonatal circumcision rate in the western US has now fallen to 34.2 percent.[30] This relatively diminished rate may surprise American men born during the era when nearly 90 percent of baby boys were circumcised automatically, with or without their parents' consent.
		Because circumcision usually necessitates tearing the foreskin from the glans, pieces of the glans may be torn off, too, leaving it pitted and scarred.
		Circumcision also severs the lymph vessels, interrupting the circulation of lymph and sometimes causing lymphedema, a painful, disfiguring condition in which the remaining skin of the penis swells with trapped lymph fluid.
	www.foreskin.org /fleiss.htm (4843 words)

	CIRCUMCISION
		Circumcision was once considered routine procedure for most newborn males in the United States, but as with most routine procedures, parents are beginning to question if circumcision is really necessary for their babies.
		Circumcision is very rarely necessary for medical reasons, but occasionally the foreskin does not retract, becomes tight and infected, and obstructs the flow of urine.
		Circumcision does not prevent cancer of the penis, which is a very rare disease anyway and occurs more frequently in males who do not practice proper hygiene.
	www.askdrsears.com /html/10/t101500.asp (1793 words)

	Circumcision
		And ye shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin; and it shall be a token of a covenant betwixt Me and you.
		And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every male throughout your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any foreigner, that is not of thy seed.
		Circumcision is (in general) a common denominator among movements: Reform, Conservative, Reconstructionist, Orthodox — all circumcise their male children and require male converts to undergo some form of circumcision.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/circumcision.html (641 words)

	BabyCenter -- Circumcision: Everything you need to know
		Circumcision is a personal decision that you should make based on your own beliefs and after talking with your doctor.
		Circumcision does make it easier to keep the penis clean, though washing the area under the foreskin thoroughly achieves the same result.
		Other arguments in favor of circumcision include concerns that an uncircumcised child will be seen as different from his friends or will feel different from his father who may be circumcised.
	www.babycenter.com /refcap/baby/babyills/circumcision/55.html (1144 words)

	Circumcision FAQ
		Circumcision is the surgical removal of the sleeve of skin and mucosal tissue that normally covers the glans (head) of the penis.
		Many circumcisions are performed because a circumcised father often does not want to feel that he is different from his son.
		Sometimes circumcision is considered "minor surgery" and inexperienced residents are given the task of performing it.
	www.cirp.org /pages/parents/FAQ (2346 words)

	Jewish Circumcision Resource Center
		Like the American cultural practice of circumcision, Jewish circumcision (bris or brit milah) is dependent on the acceptance of cultural myths.
		Another purpose of the Jewish Circumcision Resource Center is to gather and disseminate information to interested Jews about the experiences of those who choose to keep their children intact and whole.
		However, we are compelled to break the silence that supports circumcision and raise these questions out of deep caring and compassion for Jews generally and Jewish male infants in particular.
	jewishcircumcision.org (863 words)

	Circumcision - urologychannel
		Circumcision has been a commandment in Jewish law for over 3000 years and is one of the rules of cleanliness in Islamic law.
		Historically, circumcision may have been used as a rite of passage to manhood, as a form of cultural identity, or as a sacrifice to the gods.
		In the 19th century, circumcision was believed to be effective in curing or preventing a variety of illnesses, including epilepsy, insanity, hernias, club foot, and gout.
	www.urologychannel.com /circumcision/index.shtml (752 words)

	Circumcision: Legal Issues
		These principles imply that circumcision of male children (or any other operation done under proxy consent), when unnecessary and performed for other than express therapeutic purposes, may not be legal regardless of the standard of care.
		Interpreting the legal status of circumcision objectively is difficult, owing to the cultural background and long history of the practice.
		circumcision policy statement, declared circumcision to be non-essential to child health; male circumcision must now be viewed in an entirely different light legally from that of an essential and necessary procedure.
	rd.business.com /index.asp?epm=s.1&bdcq=Circumcision&bdcr=1&bdcu=http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/&bdct=20080629111630&bdcp=&partner=2662601&bdcs=nwuuid-2662601-747F34F4-32EA-C7D0-F0F7-47843D69E1CC-ym (2200 words)

	eMedicine - Circumcision : Article by Carlos A Angel
		Circumcision is also recommended in male infants and toddlers who develop UTIs and children who require clean, intermittent catheterization to facilitate this procedure.
		Circumcision also decreases the likelihood of one's acquiring genital ulcerative diseases known to be independent risk factors for the transmission of HIV.
		Circumcision significantly reduces the risk of penile HPV infection in men and of cervical cancer in the female partners of male individuals who practice high-risk behaviors such as engaging in sexual activity with multiple partners.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1791.htm (3152 words)

	Deconstructing circumcision
		First, the Academy of Pediatrics issued its latest circumcision policy statement, advising, too late for most of us, that there is no real medical evidence to justify tampering with male genitals in the United States.
		The Academy says that hospital circumcision accompanied by tears and increased rates of heartbeat, blood pressure and oxygen levels should now include local anesthesia to reduce some of the surgical stress on a day-old boy.
		In U.S. hospitals, circumcision of males, ironically, is usually done by obstetrician/gynecologists, experts in the anatomy of females.
	www.post-gazette.com /healthscience/19990316cut4.asp (858 words)

	What is Circumcision?
		Background It is uncertain whether male circumcision reduces the risks of penile human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the man and of cervical cancer in his female partner.
		Circumcision status was self-reported, and the accuracy of the data was confirmed by physical examination at three study sites.
		Conclusions Male circumcision is associated with a reduced risk of penile HPV infection and, in the case of men with a history of multiple sexual partners, a reduced risk of cervical cancer in their current female partners.
	www.aish.com /literacy/lifecycle/What_is_Circumcision$.asp (1288 words)

	Neonatal Circumcision Revisited
		Benefits, harms and costs: The effect of neonatal circumcision on the incidence of urinary tract infection, sexually transmitted diseases, cancer of the penis, cervical cancer and penile problems the complications of circumcision; and estimates of the costs of neonatal circumcision and of the treatment of later penile conditions, urinary tract infections and complications of circumcision.
		The evidence the task force reviewed on the status of circumcision of newborns and the question of routine neonatal circumcision was subsequently discussed in commentaries by the chairman of the task force and by one of its members.
		Although circumcision was not routinely practised in Hunan, among the men who had been circumcised the most common reason for circumcision was the presence of a redundant prepuce or phimosis; both of these conditions were also identified as risk factors for penile cancer.
	www.cps.ca /english/statements/FN/fn96-01.htm (7741 words)

	Circumcision
		Female circumcision (also known as female genital mutilation) is usually performed for cultural and social reasons by family members and others who are not members of the medical profession, with no anesthesia.
		Some of the medical reasons parents choose circumcision are to protect against infections of the urinary tract and the foreskin, prevent cancer, lower the risk of getting sexually transmitted diseases, and prevent phimosis (a tightening of the foreskin that may close the opening of the penis).
		Circumcision should not be performed on infants with certain deformities of the penis that may require a portion of the foreskin for repair.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/circumcision.jsp (1155 words)

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