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Topic: Circumfix

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	circumfix Information Center - circumfix
		A circumfix or circumflection is an affix, a morpheme which is placed around another morpheme.
		Circumfixes contrast with prefixes, attached to the beginnings of words; suffixes, that are attached at the end; and infixes, inserted in the middle.
		In older usage, circumfix however, the present participle could be formed using the circumfix a- -ing: Gather ye rosebuds while ye may,// Old time is still a-flying (Robert Herrick).
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Linguistic_Topics_A_-_Co/circumfix.html (160 words)

	ABstract: Thomas J. Conners
		However, in circumfixed words, stress remains on the penult of the root, that is, on the antepenult of the new prosodic word in singly affixed elements (2).
		If a circumfixed root is further suffixed, the stress reanalyzes to the penult of the new prosodic word (2)—the same pattern found in roots with multiple suffixation.
		In circumfixed words which are subsequently suffixed, while both the suffix and the suffixal element of the circumfix will fall outside the proper domain of stress, together they constitute a footable sequence and can therefore receive stress (3b).
	www.ling.hawaii.edu /afla/AbConners.htm (467 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A circumfix is an affix, a morpheme which is placed around another morpheme.
		The negation in GuaranÃ is also done with circumfixes nd- -i and nd- -mo'Ã£i for future negations.
		In older usage, however, the present participle could be formed using the circumfix a- -ing: Gather ye rosebuds while ye may,// Old time is still a-flying (Robert Herrick).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Circumfix (192 words)

	zirkumfigieren - to circumfix (German to English translation glossary) Linguistics,
		Zum einen tritt das vorstehende Bezugsnomen in den Status Constructus...zum anderen nimmt das Adjektiv Suffixe an, die mit dem Genus des Bezugswort kongruieren.
		According to my linguistics text by Edward Finegan, a circumfix is a combination of a prefix and suffix, but that wouldn't apply in your situation.
		The adjective is marked with the gender of the noun (by a suffix!)
	www.proz.com /kudoz/635190 (820 words)

	Michigamea : a Siouan Language?
		The morphology is also all reasonable, except for the possessive prefix on father, which looks like a first person where a third person would be expected, and except for the formation of the negative, which is unusual, though not inconceivable.
		The match between the second, circumfixal interpretation and the second variant of the Mandan negative is particularly close.
		The suffixed elements are approximately the same in the suffixal negatives and circumfixal negatives, while the prefixal elements in the various circumfixal negatives are clearly not cognate.
	spot.colorado.edu /~koontz/michigamea.htm (603 words)

	perl.com: Apocalypse 6
		A circumfix operator is assumed to be split symmetrically between prefix and postfix.
		In this case the circumfix of four characters is split exactly in two, but if you don't want it split in the middle (which is particularly gruesome when there's an odd number of characters) you may specify exactly where the parse rule is interpolated with a special
		macro circumfix:(...) () is parsed(/.*?/ { "" }
	www.perl.com /pub/a/2003/03/07/apocalypse6.html?page=11 (1772 words)

	Circumfiks_ke--an
		Circumfix ke-...-an forms nouns from adjectives, verbs, and other classes.
		Circumfix ke-...-an also can be based on nouns, which then mean "having to do with [base]."
		Circumfix ke-...-an can be combined with NOT, which correspond with dis- or in- in English
	www.seasite.niu.edu /indonesian/tatabahasa/circumfix/Circumfiks_ke--an.htm (186 words)

	77Analyse
		However, while this is true, the IPP-effect is also absent in Scandinavian languages, in Romance languages, in Japanese, in Turkish, etc. Hence, it is not very likely that there is a 1:1 correlation between absence of IPP and head-finality, or presence of IPP and head-initiality.
		The case of head-final constructions and a prefix is provided by the Zaan dialect, spoken to the north of Amsterdam, along the river Zaan, in the province of North Holland.
		Since the Kaynian approach does not support the second half of the generalisation we could simply conclude that the second half of the circumfix generalisation is wrong.
	members.chello.nl /e.hoekstra8/77Analyse.html (5484 words)

	LINGUIST List 7.1159: Addendum to query on circumfixes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		On the surface, a circumfix is a combination of a prefix and a suffix.
		At this point, I am looking for anything that could _possibly_ be a circumfix, even if it's phonological parts are not always co-present.
		People's lack of acquaintance with the term 'circumfix' is probably because it has been largely ignored in morphological theory.
	linguistlist.org /issues/7/7-1159.html (265 words)

	What is a circumfix? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A circumfix is an affix made up of two separate parts which surround and attach to a root or stem.
		The morphological process whereby this is achieved is called circumfixation.
		The circumfix ka--an is a nominalizer and surrounds a root.
	www.sil.org /linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsACircumfix.htm (78 words)

	LING 200, Summer Session II, 2002: Lecture Notes
		That is, they go on both the front and back of a root word.
		For instance, French sentential negation is sometimes thought of as a circumfix.
		In Chickasaw, the negation is a circumfix: ik- -o that surrounds the root word.
	www.ling.umd.edu /~swf/ling200/notesmorpho1.htm (1569 words)

	Circumfix - UniLang Wiki
		A circumfix is a type of affix that consists of two parts.
		For example in the Dutch and German participium perfectum, /ge-t/ or /ge-en/ are common circumfixes.
		This page was last modified 06:38, 24 October 2004.
	home.unilang.org /wiki3/index.php/Circumfix (53 words)

	Search the lexicon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This type of affixation is referred to as parasynthesis.
		Many linguists argue that all cases of alleged circumfixation can be reduced to suffixation and concomitant prefixation (e.g.
		One objection to circumfixes is that they violate the Binary Branching Constraint.
	www2.let.uu.nl /uil-ots/lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=circumfix (98 words)

	lextools(5)
		Each morphological paradigm is introduced by the word "Para- digm" (case insensitive), followed by a bracketed name for the paradigm Paradigm [m1a] Following this are specifications of the one of the follow- ing forms: Suffix suffix features Prefix prefix features Circumfix circumfix features The literals "Suffix", "Prefix" and "Circumfix" are matched case-insensitively.
		The remaining two fields are regular expressions describing the phonological (or orthographic) material in the affix, and the features.
		The three adjacent dots, which must be present, indicate the location of the stem inside the circumfix.
	www.clsp.jhu.edu /ws99/projects/normal/lextools/lextools.5.html (2227 words)

	SourceForge.net: Hunspell features
		Affixes signed with CIRCUMFIX flag may be on a word when this word also has a prefix with CIRCUMFIX flag and vice versa.
		An interesting side-effect of multi-step stripping is, that the appropriate treatment of circumfixes now comes for free.
		Conditional affixes implemented by a continuation class are not enough for circumfixes, because a circumfix is one affix in morphology.
	sourceforge.net /docman/display_doc.php?docid=29374&group_id=143754 (3289 words)

	Tagalog grammar - Wikipedia Mirror US (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tagalog verbs are morphologically complex and take on a variety of affixes reflecting focus, aspect, mode, and others.
		Below is a chart of the main verbal affixes which consists of a variety of prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and circumfixes.
		In the chart, CV stands for the reduplicated first syllable of a rootword, which is usually the first consonant and the first vowel of the word.
	www.wiki-mirror.us /index.php/Tagalog_grammar (1868 words)

	LINGUIST List 10.680: Possession
		As in some other varieties of Arabic, its negation pattern is the use of the verbal circumfix 'ma...sh', so that 'I do not have' is 'm
		It would seem that 'kell' should not be analysed into its original component parts: Maltese speakers will have to confirm or deny this.
		However, these facts seem to show some drift towards a verbal status for this meaning in some varieties of Semitic.
	linguistlist.org /issues/10/10-680.html (513 words)

	[No title]
		for instance an INSTRUMENT-Oblique, # then Passive2 with the circumfix 'an...an(a)' or 'i...an(a)' surrounding # the verbal stem is mandatory.
		Last but not least, note that the circumfix # 'an...an(a)' or 'i...an(a)' for Passive2 typically correlates with a PARTITIVE # reading on the grammatical subject of many verbs like 'mandidy''pres-cut' # or is typically accompanied by a non-specific direct object.
		# Important note about dubious morpheme '(i)na': There has been a confusion in the published # literature between Passive1 suffix 'ina' of the circumfix 'no...ina' and the epenthetic 'na' # illustrated below in root forms such as 'hita + na', which is NEVER accompanied by any prefix # of any kind.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~cpgl0015/pargram/data/passive-testfile.txt (12010 words)

	[No title]
		# For example, a MANNER-Oblique can be promoted Subject in a construction where # we have the circumfix 'i...ana' around stem 'velom'.
		# For example, an INSTRUMENT-Oblique can be promoted Subject in a construction where # we have the circumfix 'an...ana' around stem 'anaro' or circumfix 'i...ana' around # stem 'ianar'.
		# For example, an INSTRUMENT-Oblique can be promoted Subject in a construction where # we have the circumfix 'an...ana' around the shortened version of stem 'ala(o)'.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~cpgl0015/pargram/data/epenthesis.txt (3024 words)

	A Grammar of Semelai - Cambridge University Press
		This book - the first in-depth description of an Aslian language - provides a comprehensive reference grammar of Semelai.
		Semelai intertwines two types of morphological system: a concatenative system of prefixes, suffixes and a circumfix - acquired through extended contact with Malay - and a nonconcatenative system of prefixes and infixes (including infix reduplication), inherited from Mon-Khmer.
		There are distinctive word classes - Nominals, Verbs and Expressives - the latter iconic utterances which simultaneously provide information about the predicate and its arguments.
	www.cambridge.org /aus/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521814979 (196 words)

	wotmania: feed your wheel of time addiction
		The Holy War has been consolidated and the Zauduyani have triumphed over the Orthodox after the apparently great cost of Serwë's life and Kellhus's near-death by being strapped to her on what has become called the Circumfix, a symbol of degrading death raised to the glory of a transcendence of purpose.
		The Fanim have been largely crushed and the road to Shimeh seems clear...yet there are still doubts among the Great Names.
		A work where Motive and Understanding take center stage just as much as mere characters such as Kellhus, Akka, Cnaiür, Esmi, Proyas, Conphas, and so many others from the Holy War that have sparked readers' interests from The Darkness That Comes Before and The Warrior-Prophet.
	www.wotmania.net /fantasymessageboardshowmessage.asp?MessageID=141008 (1704 words)

	[No title]
		')'; } sub circumfix { my $n = $_[0]; #print "circumfix: ", Dumper($n); if ($n->{op1} eq '(' && $n->{op2} eq ')') { return emit_parenthesis($n->{exp1}); } if ($n->{op1} eq '[' && $n->{op2} eq ']') { return '[]' unless defined $n->{exp1}; return '['.
		(exists $n->{exp1}{op1} && $n->{exp1}{fixity} eq 'circumfix' && $n->{exp1}{op1} eq '(' && exists $n->{exp1}{exp1}{list}))) { my $name = _emit($n->{exp1}); $name =~ s/^\@/\$/ unless exists $n->{exp2}{list}
		(exists $n->{exp2}{op1} && $n->{exp2}{fixity} eq 'circumfix' && $n->{exp2}{op1} eq '(' && exists $n->{exp2}{exp1}{list})
	svn.openfoundry.org /pugs/perl5/Pugs-Compiler-Perl6/lib/Pugs/Emitter/Perl6/Perl5.pm (3114 words)

	Pugs: Dereference and assignment semantics.
		proto circumfix:<${ }> (Any) --> (Scalar of Any) is rw;
		multi circumfix:<${ }> ((Scalar of Any) ::a) --> ::a is rw {...}
		That is, it applies to an argument that can yield a Scalar object when used as a rvalue.
	pugs.blogs.com /pugs/2006/01/dereference_and.html (316 words)

	IBM developerWorks : Linux : Linux on zSeries : Kernel 2.2 : Restrictions
		If you are accessing the console using x3270, then you should add the following settings to the.XDefaults file in order to get the correct code translation:
		X3270 keymap and charset settings for LINUX x3270.charset: us-intl x3270.keymap: circumfix x3270.keymap.circumfix: :asciicircum: Key("^")\n
		While VM allows you to define up to 64 virtual S/390 processors per guest machine, LINUX for S/390 currently provides support for a maximum of 32 processors only.
	www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/linux/linux390/restrictions2_2_16.html (1241 words)

	Synopsis 6: Subroutines - perl6:
		} macro circumfix:«<!-- -->» ($text) is parsed /.*?
		term:<> quote:<q> prefix:<++>; infix:<+>; postfix:<++> circumfix:<()>* postcircumfix:<()> regex_metachar:<.> regex_backslash:<w> regex_assertion:<?> regex_mod_internal:<i> regex_mod_external:<i> trait_verb:<of> trait_auxiliary:<is> scope_declarator:<my> statement_prefix:<do> statement_control:<if> statement_modifier:<if> infix_prefix_meta_operator:<!> infix_postfix_meta_operator:<=> postfix_prefix_meta_operator:{'»'} prefix_postfix_meta_operator:{'«'} infix_circumfix_meta_operator:{'»','«'} prefix_circumfix_meta_operator:{'[',']'}
		The existing operator may be specified either as a function name or as a string slice equivalent to the one that would be used in the complete function name.
	dev.perl.org /perl6/doc/design/syn/S06.html (10043 words)

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