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Topic: Circumnavigation

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	Definition of Human Powered Circumnavigation
		A basic definition of a world circumnavigation would be a route which covers at least a great circle, and in particular one which passes through at least one pair of points antipodal to each other.
		Jason is now on the return trip to his home in England on this "circumnavigation by human power," and he is demonstrating to the rest of us that a TRUE Human Powered Circumnavigation is possible.
		Transglobe was the first polar circumnavigation by surface travel, touching the two poles of the earth, which are true antipodes by definition.
	www.around-n-over.org /circumnavigation.htm (1203 words)

	Circumnavigation, Empire, Modernity, Race: "Meeting of Frontiers" Conference (European Reading Room,Library ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The naval officers sailing on the circumnavigation voyages, selected from among the best the Empire had to offer, were joined aboard their ships by some of Russia's most promising scientists.
		This was the pattern from the beginning; Ivan Kruzenshtern (1770-1846), the commander of the first Russian circumnavigation, modeled his journal on James Cook's, and looked on the famous Englishman as a role model to follow in dealing with South Pacific islanders.
		It was only after the initiation of the circumnavigation voyages that the children produced by the unions between Russians and North American Natives came to be labeled as a separate group; this new social category came to be known as kreoly (Creoles).
	www.loc.gov /rr/european/mofc/vinkovetsky.html (7114 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The route of a typical modern sailing circumnavigation, via the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal is shown in red; its antipodes are shown in yellow.
		The map on the right shows, in red, a typical sailing circumnavigation of the world by the trade winds and the Suez and Panama canals; overlaid in yellow are the points antipodal to all points on the route.
		Yacht racing therefore defines a world circumnavigation to be a passage of at least 21,600 nautical miles (40,000 km) in length which crosses the equator, crosses every meridian in the same direction and finishes in the same port as it starts.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Circumnavigation (2169 words)

	Charter Catamaran Sailing Destinations - yacht charter circumnavigation
		Neverland is built for such a cruise and equipped with everything you need for a circumnavigation, like water maker, solar energy, and refrigerators.
		Neverland has state of the art equipment and is certified for such a cruise.
		Neverlands 4 years yacht charter circumnavigation with charter oppotunities for your ultimate sailing vacation
	www.catamaran-yacht-charter.com /about-neverland/neverlands-circumnavigation.html (324 words)

	WhatIsCircumnavigation
		Probably the first yacht to circumnavigate was British schooner Nancy Dawson in the middle of nineteen century.
		During circumnavigation the time is done by our calendar system but the distance could be very different.
		The simplest way to prove that one followed the great circle is to put the plane through any point of one’s sailing, preferably through the start point, and through the center of the globe, and then to find the opposite point on that plane – the point called antipode.
	www.sevenoceans.com /SoloCircumnavigation/CircumnavigationUnderSails/WhatIsCircumnavigation.htm (787 words)

	Conquerors of the high seas
		The first circumnavigation of the globe was led by Ferdinand Magellan, who was born in Oporto, Portugal in 1480.
		The second circumnavigation of the globe was accomplished by the pirate-turned-explorer Englishman Francis Drake (1540-1596).
		Circumnavigation had become the rage, as with the Whitbread race.
	www.didyouknow.org /aroundtheworld/sailing.htm (2267 words)

	Circumnavigation Under Sails
		After Chichester's circumnavigation with one stop, only nonstop circumnavigation was left to be done and in 1968 The Sunday Times newspaper announced Golden Globe trophy for first fastest nonstop solo circumnavigation.
		Solo circumnavigation is set by nationality of the sailor and not by vessel's flag registration.
		To solo circumnavigate in trade wind region through canals and passing the antipodes is much easier to do than sailing around in "roaring forties" and passing Cape Horn.
	www.solocircumnavigation.com /CircumnavigationUnderSails/CircumnavigationUnderSails.htm (2731 words)

	The Circumnavigation
		The Circumnavigation After the OSTAR George moved his boat to New York in order to inspect the hull, mast and rigging and to refurbish its electronics (especially the autopilot).
		His intention was to sail around the globe the harder way - around the Cape Horn, but the skippers' council of the yacht club prudently decided that this was too risky for him and, especially, for the tiny boat.
		Cor Caroli's circumnavigation was nominated as world record for that route, was entered in the Guiness Book of Records's edition in 1982 and remained there for nearly 10 years!
	www.cor-caroli.hit.bg /Circumnavigation.htm (430 words)

	Expedition Planet Earth - Records
		Because a perfect circumnavigation, a flawless circle of 40,075 km is an impossibility in practical terms, a set of guidelines and parametres have been established by three different organizations defining what is required depending on the type of circumnavigation.
		A sailing yacht is restricted to the boundaries of the ocean, as a cyclist is confined to the borders of the land.
		Because the continents are not connected, a land-based circumnavigation is not continuous, but is a series of journeys connected by conventional transportation (ships or planes).
	www.expeditionplanetearth.com /record.htm (979 words)

	Circumnavigation
		A person embarking on a circumnavigation is beginning what most certainly will be a great adventure.
		A captain who has completed a circumnavigation is clearly an accomplished seaman.
		My brother, Dave, and I didn't consciously planning a circumnavigation when we set out that day although some might argue that we were in denial of our inner thoughts.
	www.columbia-yachts.com /circumnav.htm (4316 words)

	circumnavigation: Blogs, Photos, Videos and more on Technorati
		A British man kayaked, pedaled, walked, swam and skated to become the first person to circumnavigate the globe by human muscle alone.
		No, Jason Lewis was not held hostage - he was circumnavigating the globe by human power only.
		Their team has been running 24 hours a day for two months as they run the globe, going East from the United Nations in New York City.
	www.technorati.com /tag/circumnavigation (549 words)

	Expedition 360 - Definition of a True Circumnavigation
		Any other attempt at quantifying a circumnavigation inevitably involves a complicated concoction of criteria such as minimum distances, minimum number of oceans/landmasses crossed, minimum meridians crossed etc etc, and as such is inherently open to persistent manipulation and dispute.
		To understand the significance of antipodal points in a true circumnavigation one must first define something called a Great Circle: the largest circle which can be drawn on the surface of globe by a plane cutting through the sphere at its centre.
		The simplest and most effective way to prove that a circumnavigation attempt followed a Great Circle is to put the plane through any point of the prospective route and through the centre of the globe, and then to find the opposite point on that plane – the point called the antipode.
	www.expedition360.com /home/circumnavigation.htm (1013 words)

	Salon \| Books: Circumnavigation
		He understands that motivation, as essential as it is in good fiction, isn't something that can be diagrammed and dissected; usually, it's more like a flicker of motion that you catch out of the corner of your eye.
		The stories in "Circumnavigation" are set mostly in the West, often in small cities or towns.
		Lattimore's characters are stumbling toward the same thing all the rest of us are, and he knows as well as we do that the day you can hang a convenient name on it is the day you stop stumbling toward it.
	www.salon.com /books/sneaks/1997/12/04review.html (567 words)

	Sir Francis Drake
		It is full of pictures and maps charting Drake's voyage.
		This book contains lots of information on the circumnavigation, especially in the chapter entitled "The Boldness of This Low Man." This book also contains several good pictures.
		There is good information in the chapters entitled "The Circumnavigation" and "The Indies Voyage of 1585."
	www.springfield.k12.il.us /schools/springfield/eliz/SirFrancisDrake.html (826 words)

	Necho II's African Circumnavigation
		One such tale, told to us in a tantalizingly brief story by the Greek historian Herodotus, is of a sea voyage that took place during the 26th Dynasty reign of Necho II.
		Though the circumnavigation of Africa under Vasco da Gama, who sailed from Lisbon in Portugal to Calicut in India, took only ten months between 1497 and 1498, the two and a half year journey of the Phoenician ships also seems reasonable, especially considering their layover to replenish their supplies.
		It must be remembered that Herodotus' Histories is an elaborate piece of rhetorical writing, and is not an objective history, but rather a highly literary, as well as partisan, analysis of the cultural clash between the Greek and Persian cultures.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/nechoafrica.htm (1093 words)

	Circumnavigation - You have just found one crew member... - SailNet Community (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Circumnavigation - You have just found one crew member...
		I would love to become part of someone''s team for a circumnavigation, time-scale no problem as my job is extremely flexible.
		Have a pearson 10M plan on circumnavigation with a rally in 2003 need a crew member for it since single hander boats are not allowed if interested let me know
	www.sailnet.com /forums/crew-wanted/2454-circumnavigation-you-have-just-found-one-crew-member.html (201 words)

	Over Russia and Around the World - Solo Circumnavigation - Power & Motoryacht
		Cowper is the epitome of British reserve, a quiet man as polite and pleasant as you could hope for, but no publicity seeker.
		His achievement in being the first person to sail around the world in both directions—and briefly to hold the records for fastest single-handed circumnavigations, in both directions—went virtually unnoticed.
		Nor did his Northwest Passage feats in a motorboat create much interest even though he was the first person to tackle it single-handedly (albeit taking three years to do so) and the first to go around the world by that route.
	powerandmotoryacht.com /features/0202circumnavigation (460 words)

	Circumnavigation - Wikipédia
		La circumnavigation désigne la navigation en bateau autour d'un lieu, couramment une île, un continent, ou la Terre entière.
		En 2005, Bruno Peyron bat le record de la plus rapide circumnavigation du globe en 50 jours, 16 heures, 20 minutes et 04 sec.
		La première circumnavigation du continent africain a eu lieu vers l'an 600 avant Jésus-Christ, effectuée par une expédition phénicienne envoyée par le pharaon Nékao II.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Circumnavigation (330 words)

	Catalina Island Crossings and Circumnavigation
		However, a few weeks before the trip, I had the crazy idea of circumnavigating the island in one day.
		We decided to keep the one day circumnavigation a secret until the evening before doing it, because we never heard of anyone doing it in one day before and didn't want anyone to beat us to it.
		We were comfortable enough in our kayaks that we did the circumnavigation without landing.
	www.rollordrown.com /cat.html (1806 words)

	Kayak circumnavigation of Ireland
		We (Misha Hoichman and Alon Ohad) decided to circumnavigate Ireland by kayak.
		In 2005 we have completed circumnavigation of Tasmania.
		We decided therefore to devote the circumnavigation of Ireland to our fellow israeli kayakers.
	www.hoichman.com /ireland/index.html (404 words)

	Magellan's Voyage - A Narrative Account of the First Circumnavigation
		Of course, I am referring to the first circumnavigation of our planet, a feat which was performed by five Spanish ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan (i.e., Fernao de Magalhaes in Portuguese or Fernando de Magallanes in Spanish).
		He must have had an extraordinary ear for languages, because many of the words in his word list are completely recognizable as modern Cebuano words.
		It is important to remember that Magellan's voyage did not start out as the great feat of circumnavigation we all remember it for.
	www.tomandcathymarking.com /reviews/magellans_voyage.htm (3955 words)

	Alternative-Fuel Power Boat set for world circumnavigation attempt - gizmag Article
		February 16, 2007 Earthrace is a bid to break the 75 day world record for circumnavigating the globe in a powerboat, and using only renewable fuels.
		Circumnavigating the globe represents the pinnacle of powerboat challenges, and at 24,000 nautical miles, is also the world's longest race.
		A British boat, the Cable & Wireless, set the current circumnavigation record of 75 days in 1998 with earlier versions of the same Cummins engines.
	www.gizmag.com /go/6845 (664 words)

	Circumnavigation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Her successor, ALSANAL TOO, had an identical rig since the owner had an extra suit of sails; however, she was 52’ on deck and was a noted passagemaker.
		She made a circumnavigation, the average age of the crew being in the 70’s.
		At the last moment, her plans were altered from steel to ferro-cement, and she was built in Ecuador.
	www.thomasecolvin.com /circumnavigation.htm (148 words)

	2001 CAPE ANN CIRCUMNAVIGATION
		A local kayaker paddled slowly near the entrance to the Jones River, towing his young son who was fishing intently from his own little boat.
		I asked about the paddling conditions ahead and he claimed to have circumnavigated the Cape himself many times, advising us to stop at Halibut Point at the very northern tip of the Cape to enjoy the nature trails and at the town of Rockport to use the public bathrooms.
		While planning our circumnavigation I had emailed several times with the NSPN leaders, seeking advice on local conditions and inviting them to join us.
	home.earthlink.net /~taterka/Annisquam.html (1493 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Drake's Circumnavigation of the Globe (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Born circa 1540-43, Drake was the son of a staunchly Protestant yeoman farmer whose poverty drove him to sea at the age of 13, learning his trade in the difficult shoals and coastal passages of the North Sea.
		Drake then sailed west across the Pacific, visiting the Philippines and Java and purchasing valuable spices, to return via the Cape of Good Hope, alighting in Plymouth harbour on the 26th of September 1580, where he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth.
		Because Magellan had been killed in the Moluccas and not returned to Portugal, Drake became the first captain to circumnavigate the globe in his own vessel.
	www.litencyc.com /php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=294 (451 words)

	circumnavigation
		Starting our circumnavigation in January 2003 we did so far 30,000 + NM from Florida to our current location in Phuket / Thailand.
		It was a wonderful trip with lots of highlights and very few small problems we could fix underway.
		She is a hobby cook and likes things on bord nice and tidy.
	www.freewebs.com /eden-bound (1017 words)

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