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Topic: Circumvallation

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	Circumvallation - Military History Wiki
		Circumvallation is a standard military tactic of siege used in ancient and modern warfare.
		In cases where the besieging army is threatened by a field army allied to the city, the besieging army may construct a second line of fortifications between itself and the outside enemy parallel to the lines of circumvallation, known as 'lines of contravallation'.
		The circumvallation and contravallation tactic has the advantage of making it possible to redirect troops from the siege (now reinforced by the first wall of fortifications) to the defence of the besieging army itself.
	www.militaryhistorywiki.org /index.php?title=Circumvallation&redirect=no (272 words)

	Contravallation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is the process of the attacking army building a line of fortifications around the besieged city facing away from the city (to protect themselves from attacks by allies of the city's defenders and to enhance the blockade of the city) and also the resulting fortifications (known as 'lines of contravallation').
		Lines of contravallation generally consist of earth ramparts and entrenchments that encircle the besieged city and are built parallel to the lines of circumvallation that face towards the besieged city.
		The circumvallation and contravallation tactic has the advantage of making it possible to redirect troops from the siege to the defence of the besieging army itself, with defensive fortifications in either case.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Contravallation (181 words)

	circumvallation - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 11 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word circumvallation:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "circumvallation" is defined.
		CIRCUMVALLATION : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=circumvallation (126 words)

	The siege of Turin chapter 7
		The practical consequences of the council's decision were that the lines in the hills were reinforced with palisades, and that the line of circumvallation between the Dora and the Stura was reinforced and it's moat was filled with water.
		At a distance of a cannonshot, the infantry was to deploy in line, with a distance of somewhere between 300 and 400 feet between the lines, and enough distance between the 'brigades' to let the artillery and cavalry pass.
		This meant that all in all the battle for the circumvallation would be fought between 24,000 allied and 9,000 French infantry.
	www.spanishsuccession.nl /turin7.html (4274 words)

	Clan USMC "BIA Squad" -- semper fidelis
		In cases where the besieging army is threatened by a field army allied to the city, the besieging army may construct a second line of fortifications between themselves and the outside enemy parallel to the lines of circumvallation, known as 'lines of contravallation'.
		The circumvallation and contravallation tactic has the advantage of making it possible to redirect troops from the siege (now reinforced by the first wall of fortifications) to the defense of the besieging army itself.
		A siege is a prolonged military assault and blockade on a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition.
	www.freewebs.com /clanusmcbiasquad/tacticsmembersonly.htm (3213 words)

	Search Results for "Circumvallation"
		antiq.], circumvallation, merlon, battlement, glacis; casemate; buttress, abutment;...
		It was also common for besiegers to build a wall (circumvallation) around their objective to prevent sorties and a second...
		...trampled sallyport of some of the rural redoubts that form a part of the simple lines of circumvallation within which a half-armed American militia held the flower...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Circumvallation (330 words)

	Circumvallation -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Circumvallation is a standard (Click link for more info and facts about military tactic) military tactic of (The action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack) siege used in ancient and modern warfare.
		Lines of circumvallation generally consist of earth (An embankment built around a space for defensive purposes) ramparts and (An entrenched fortification; a position protected by trenches) entrenchments that encircle the besieged city.
		In cases where the besieging army is threatened by a field army allied to the city, the besieging army may construct a second line of fortifications between itself and the outside enemy parallel to the lines of circumvallation, known as 'lines of (Click link for more info and facts about contravallation) contravallation'.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/C/Ci/Circumvallation.htm (387 words)

	Circumvallation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The line of circumvallation can be used as a base for launching assults against the besieged city or for constructingfurther earthworks nearer the city.
		In cases where the besieging army is threatened by a field army allied to the city, the besieging army may construct a secondline of fortifications between themselves and the outside enemy parallel to the lines of circumvallation, known as 'lines of contravallation '.
		The circumvallation and contravallation tactic has the advantage of making it possible to redirect troops from the siege (nowreinforced by the first wall of fortifications) to the defence of the besieging army itself.
	www.therfcc.org /circumvallation-149426.html (235 words)

	GENOA - LoveToKnow Article on GENOA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The original nucleus of the city is that portion which lies to the east of the port in the neighborhood of the old pier (Mob Vecchio).
		In the 10th century it began to feel a lack of room within the limits of its fortifications; and accordingly, in the middle of the 12th century, it was found necessary to extend the line of circumvallation.
		The present line of circumvallation dates from 1626-1632, the period when the independence of Genoa was threatened by the dukes of Savoy.
	27.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GE/GENOA.htm (5111 words)

	Circumvallation
		It describes the process of the attacking army building a line of fortifications around the besieged city facing towards the city (to protect themselves from sorties by its defenders and to enhance the blockade) and also the resulting fortifications (known as 'lines of circumvallation').
		The line of circumvallation can be used as a base for launching assults against the besieged city or for constructing further earthworks nearer the city.
		In cases where the besieging army is threatened by a field army allied to the city, the besieging army may construct a second line of fortifications between themselves and the outside enemy parallel to the lines of circumvallation, known as 'lines of contravallation'.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/circumvallation (301 words)

	Siege - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The inner circumvallation, 10 miles, held in Vercingetorix's forces, while the outer circumvallation kept relief from reaching them.
		During a siege, a surrounding army would build earthworks (a line of circumvallation) to completely encircle their target, preventing food and water supplies from reaching the besieged city.
		The outermost lines, known as the lines of circumvallation, would surround the entire besieging army and protect it from attackers.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Seige (4408 words)

	Contravallation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		It describes the process of the attacking armybuilding a line of fortifications around the besieged city facing awayfrom the city (to protect themselves from attacks by allies of the city's defenders and to enhance the blockade of the city) and also the resulting fortifications (known as 'lines of contravallation').
		Lines of contravallation generally consist of earth ramparts and entrenchments that encircle the besiegedcity and are built parallel to the lines of Circumvallation that facetowards the besieged city.
		The circumvallation and contravallation tactic has the advantage of making it possible to redirect troops from the siege tothe defence of the besieging army itself, with defensive fortifications in either case.
	www.therfcc.org /contravallation-149427.html (166 words)

	Siege - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The inner circumvallation, 10 miles, held inVercingetorix's forces, while the outer circumvallation kept relief fromreaching them.
		During a siege, a surrounding army would build earthworks (a line of circumvallation) to completely encircle their target, preventing food and water supplies fromreaching the besieged city.
		The outermost lines, known asthe lines of circumvallation, would surround the entire besiegingarmy and protect it from attackers.
	www.free-web-encyclopedia.com /?t=Siege (4379 words)

	Circumvallate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		For to the verbs 'to circumvallate' and 'to lament' he has given the form of the nouns 'circumvallation' and 'lamentation.' VI But when conversely he turns his nouns into verbs, he produces such an...
		At that time, Louisville was a lady of grand circumstance, circumvallate in her charms and known for her thoroughbred horses, fine bourbon whiskey and burley tobacco.
		Circumvallate Placenta: Circumvallate placenta occurs in 1-2% of pregnancies.
	whitespot.mibsspot.com /circumvallate (1031 words)

	Uncle Dale's Old Mormon Articles: Misc. Southern States, 1800-1827
		It has generally been supposed, that these circumvallations were intended for places of defence or fortifications, and that the tumuli were erected for the burial of warriors who died in battle.
		When the circumvallations are situated on smaller streams, having but one high bank, earthen walls sometimes extend down its slope towards the water, but as these streams are narrow and fordable, the party descending, would be completely exposed to the weapons of the enemy in front.
		The celebrated circumvallation at Circleville, Ohio, is situated half a mile from the Scioto river, and one fourth of a mile from a small creek which runs on the other side.
	www.sidneyrigdon.com /dbroadhu/SO/miscsou1.htm (17805 words)

	The Napwars II - Napoleon's Military Maxims
		If your army is so strong that, after leaving before the place a body four times the number of the garrison, it is still equal to the army of relief, it may move to a greater distance than one day's march.
		If the two armies of siege and of observation, united, are equal only to the army of relief, the besieging army must remain altogether within or near its lines and employ itself in pushing the siege with all possible activity.
		No rule of war is so absolute as to allow no exceptions, and waiting for the enemy in the lines of circumvallation ought not to be condemned as injudicious in all cases.
	www.100megsfree4.com /napwars/maxims5.html (891 words)

	Jiayu Pass
		The circumvallation of the Jiayu Pass looks trapeziform and there is a thick wall built outside the western circumvallation, which makes the defense of the circumvallation stronger.
		The circumvallation is 11.7 meters high and 733.3 meters long in total.
		Outside the northern and southern circumvallation are parallel low cob walls, which are called the additional wall built for defense.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_travel/2003-09/24/content_34659.htm (541 words)

	Roman Siegecraft
		Marching forts were established and sometimes extra redoubts were created as guardposts in cases where the circumvallation was a long one.
		He had another circumvallation fourteen miles long built around the first but facing outward, with ditches and a moat fed by local streams.
		The entire reason for Caesar's extraordinary circumvallation at Alesia was the night forays and escape attempts by desperate gaul horsemen.
	www.unrv.com /military/roman-siegecraft.php (1924 words)

	Fortified Places > Sieges > Siege Warfare
		He also suggested that a garrison should be allowed to surrender with honour if a breach had been made in the walls, to save the needless bloodshed that would ensue if an assault was ordered.
		The attacking army would then construct earthwork lines surrounding the place at 2400 metres from the defences; one line facing inwards to guard against sorties from the garrison (lines of circumvallation) and one line facing outward to protect the besiegers from enemy forces that might be attempting to break the siege (lines of contravallation).
		Between the lines of circumvallation and contravallation, the supplies for the siege would be stored and the troops would camp.
	www.fortified-places.com /siege_warfare.html (732 words)

	castles_town_walls
		The Helpoort is part of the second circumvallation, started in 1350 and only completed in 1516.
		A third circumvallation - comprising artillery batteries and only a few hundred yards beyond the Helpoort - was completed during the late seventeenth century.
		A third circumvallation was added during the early-modern period.
	academic.sun.ac.za /Milacad/mil_history/castles_town_walls.htm (587 words)

	NapoleonGames.com: Games by Operational Studies Group.
		Upon the same general principle, when a place is to be besieged in presence of an enemy's army, it is necessary to cover the siege by lines of circumvallation.
		If the investing corps and army of observation are only equal when united to the relieving force, the besieging army should remain entire within, or near its lines, and push the works and the siege with the greatest activity.
		Those who proscribe lines of circumvallation, and all the assistance which the science of the engineer can afford, deprive themselves gratuitously of an auxiliary, which is never injurious, almost always useful, and often indispensable.
	www.napoleongames.com /maxim_strategy.html (2050 words)

	Hellenica - Chapter III
		Thereupon the Lacedaemonian governor, Hippocrates, let his troops out of the city and offered battle, and the Athenians, on their side, drew up their forces opposite to receive him; while Pharnabazus, from without the lines of circumvallation, was still advancing with his army and large bodies of horse.
		Meanwhile the Athenians prosecuted the siege of Byzantium; lines of circumvallation were drawn; and they diversified the blockade by sharpshooting at long range and occasional assaults upon the walls.
		Inside the city lay Clearchus, the Lacedaemonian governor, and a body of Perioci with a small detachment of Neodamodes.[4] There was also a body of Megarians under their general Helixus, a Megarian, and another body of Boeotians, with their general Coeratadas.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/lit/historical/Hellenica/chap4.html (1039 words)

	Clausewitz, ON WAR - Book VII-Chapter 17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The defence of a line of circumvallation admits of nothing but the most absolute defensive, because the circular order, facing outwards, is the weakest and most disadvantageous of all possible orders of battle, and is particularly unfavourable to any advantageous counter-attacks.
		Frederick the Great at Olmutz, 1758, and at Dresden, 1760, although he had no regular lines of circumvallation, had a system which in all essentials was identical; he used the same army to carry on the siege, and also as a covering army.
		Lastly, it is a disadvantage in lines of circumvallation, that in case of a reverse it is more difficult to save the siege train.
	www.clausewitz.com /CWZHOME/On_War/Bk7ch17.html (1201 words)

	Accuracy of prenatal sonography for detecting circumvallate placenta -- Harris et al. 168 (6): 1603 -- American Journal ...
		Accuracy of prenatal sonography for detecting circumvallate placenta -- Harris et al.
		Accuracy of prenatal sonography for detecting circumvallate placenta
		probably or definitely circumvallate by at least one sonologist.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/abstract/168/6/1603 (320 words)

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