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Topic: Cisalpine Gaul

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	Gaul. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Gaul in Italy was called Cisalpine Gaul [Cisalpine, from Lat.=on this side the Alps], as opposed to Transalpine Gaul; Cisalpine Gaul was divided into Cispadane Gaul [on this side the Po] and Transpadane Gaul.
		In Roman Gaul it often became customary to call the chief center of a tribe or the country around it by some form of the tribe’s name.
		The greatest testimony to the stability and thoroughness of the culture of Roman Gaul is the survival of the Latin language as French.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ga/Gaul.html (585 words)

	Transalpine Gaul - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Transalpine Gaul was a Roman province whose name was chosen to distinguish it from Cisalpine Gaul.
		Transalpine means "that side of the Alps", while Cisalpine would mean "this side of the Alps".
		Cisalpine Gaul was on the east of the Alps range, in the nowadays northern of Italia; while Transalpine Gaul was to the west, in the nowadays south-east of France.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transalpine_Gaul (175 words)

	Gaul
		The Gaul in Italy was called Cisalpine Gaul [Cisalpine, from Lat.=on this side the Alps], as opposed to Transalpine Gaul; Cisalpine Gaul was divided into Cispadane Gaul [on this side the Po] and Transpadane Gaul.
		In Roman Gaul it often became customary to call the chief center of a tribe or the country around it by some form of the tribe’s name.
		The greatest testimony to the stability and thoroughness of the culture of Roman Gaul is the survival of the Latin language as French.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/G/Gaul.html (501 words)

	gaul
		The region of Italy occupied by the Gauls was called Cisalpine Gaul ("Gaul this side of the Alps") by the Romans.
		He treated the Gauls generously, leaving their cities with a significant measure of autonomy, and thus secured the allegiance of Gallic soldiers in his civil wasr against Pompey in 49-45BC.
		The country was divided into four provinces:Norbonensis, Aquitania to the west and south of the Loire, Celtica (or Lugdunensis) in the central France between the Loire and the Seine, and Belgica in the north and east.
	www.geocities.com /rix_52bc/gaul.html (720 words)

	Gallia - Province of the Roman Empire
		In 390 BCE the Gauls seized and plundered the city of Rome.
		He treated the Gauls generously, leaving their cities with a significant measure of autonomy, and thus secured the allegiance of Gallic soldiers in his civil wars against Pompey in 49-45.
		The country was divided into four provinces: Narbonensis, Aquitania to the west and south of the Loire, Celtica (or Lugdunensis) in central France between the Loire and the Seine, and Belgica in the north and east.
	www.unrv.com /provinces/gallia.php (1869 words)

	[No title]
		With his defeat, however, the conquest of Cisalpine Gaul was undertaken anew, and at some time after 183 B.C.--we do not know exactly when--the whole of this vast lowland country passed into Roman administration, to become the chief province of Caesar's great triple command, and one of the most valuable parts of the empire.
		Cisalpine Gaul, at this crisis, as always both before and since, was the great and proper defence of Italy; not the Alps nor the Apennines but Cisalpine Gaul broke the barbarians, and, in so far as it could be materially saved, saved Italy and our civilisation, of which Rome was the soul.
		Ravenna strongly held gave him, as strongly held she had given every one of her masters, Italy and Cisalpine Gaul; while as the gate of the eastern sea, Ravenna was his proper means of communication with his over-lord and the eastern provinces of what was, rightly understood, the reunited empire.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/2/5/4/12542/12542.txt (17876 words)

	Conquest of Cisalpine Gaul
		This land, won from the Gauls at the battle of Lake Vadimanus in 283 BC, represented the territory known as Gallia Cisalpina, or Gaul this side (Roman) of the Alps.
		Three military colonies were established to hold the Gauls at bay; Placentia and Cremona in Insubrian territory and Mutina in that of the Boii.
		Cisalpine Gaul wouldn't be fully pacified until Hannibal's defeat; and the rest of Gallia Transalpina until the arrival of Caesar in the mid 1st century BC.
	www.unrv.com /empire/conquest-of-cisalpine-gaul.php (691 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Augustus
		The dictator had appointed him to the governorship of Cisalpine Gaul (roughly the Po Valley region of modern Italy), an appointment confirmed by the senate.
		Meanwhile, Antony was preparing to return to Cisalpine Gaul with enormous forces gained from Caesarian commanders in Transalpine Gaul.
		Antony was massing huge forces in Cisalpine Gaul and, across the Adriatic, Cassius and Brutus had taken the opportunity offered by the enmity between the Caesarian leaders to gain control of most of the eastern empire, it might be noted, with no great regard for either legality or scruple.
	www.roman-emperors.org /auggie.htm (18014 words)

	Italy Terrain and Climate
		In 42 BC Cisalpine Gaul, north of the Apennines, was added; and in the late 3rd century AD Italy came to include the islands of Terrain and Climate Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia, as well as Raetia and part of Pannonia to the north.
		In 42 BC Cisalpine Gaul, north of Economy, Geography and History the Apennines, was added; and in the late 3rd century AD Italy came to include the islands of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia, as well as Raetia and part of Pannonia to the north.
		In 42 BC Cisalpine Gaul, north of the Apennines, was added; and in the late 3rd century AD Italy came to include the islands of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia, as well as Raetia and part of Pannonia to the north.
	czech.europe-countries.com /travel/italy.htm (2151 words)

	Gaul - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 121 BC the proconsul Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus conquered a coastal strip of land connecting Cisalpine Gaul with Spain, including the settlement of Narbo (Narbonne), and organised it into the province Transalpine Gaul, thereby providing Rome with a secure land route to her Spanish provinces.
		The remainder of Long-haired Gaul was conquered by Julius Caesar in the 50s BC in a protracted series of campaigns that met fierce resistance from the Gauls, particularly during the rebellion of the Gallic leader Vercingetorix that was finally broken at Alesia in 52 BC.
		During the breakdown of the Western Empire in the fifth century, however, Gaul became the target of a series of barbarian migrations from across the Rhine; Franks and Burgundians settled in the north, and Visigoths in Aquitania.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Gaul (473 words)

	Gaul -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		The region of Italy occupied by the Gauls was called Cisalpine Gaul (“Gaul this side of the Alps”;) by the Romans.
		He treated the Gauls generously, leaving their cities with a significant measure of autonomy, and thus secured the allegiance of Gallic soldiers in his civil wars against Pompey in 49–45.
		The emperor Tiberius was obliged to suppress a rebellion of the nobles in 21
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9036214 (1280 words)

	Roman Provence - ProvenceBeyond
		Cisalpine Gaul was the area of Northern Italy conquered by the Romans in 222 BC.
		Transalpine Gaul was ravaged during the 5th century by Burgundian, Franks and Visigoths.
		Clovis the 1st [Kings, Merovingian] appeared as the king of the Franks, and in 486, he conquered the area and it became part of the kingdom of the Franks.
	www.beyond.fr /history/romanh.html (551 words)

	Cisalpine Gaul -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		After first joining the uprising led by the Carthaginian Hamilcar, an agent of Hannibal in Gaul, in 200 BC, they deserted the Insubres (q.v.) during the battle at Larius Lacus (Lake Como) in 196 BC and made their own treaty with...
		A heroic prose romance of chivalry, the Amadís of Gaul (in Spanish, Amadís de Gaula) is the tale of a chaste knight who performed incredible deeds for the love of an English princess.
		Brief biographical sketch of this celebrated Roman general, statesman, and the conqueror of Gaul, who changed the course of the history of the Greco-Roman world.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9082699 (744 words)

	Gaul on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		He is the best ancient source on Gaul, and he has immortalized its three ethnic divisions, Aquitania (S of the Garonne), Celtic Gaul (modern central France), and Belgica (very roughly Belgium).
		Alain JuppÃ© arrive jeudi au tribunal correctionnel de Nanterre Des petits patrons dÃ©nonÃ§ant un "chantage", des cadres gaul.
		Chantier de fouilles archÃ©ologiques en Gironde Des archÃ©ologues ont annoncÃ© mercredi la dÃ©couverte d'un lieu de culte gaul.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/g/gaul.asp (1250 words)

	Gaul
		Amadis of Gaul - Amadis of Gaul, Fr.
		Gaul: Roman Rule - Roman Rule By 121 B.C., Rome had acquired S Transalpine Gaul, and by the time of Julius Caesar it...
		Gaul: Effects of Roman Rule - Effects of Roman Rule Although the Romans had won political control over Gaul, they never succeeded...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0820338.html (231 words)

	HISTORY OF ROME House of Julii
		The Gauls managed to flank his rear but he managed to rout the Gauls in front of him and turned on his enemies at the rear.
		In Cisalpine Gaul, Lucius Julius the Heir led his army north of Mediolanium, against the Gauls under Cynan and Belenus, the same Gauls who defeated the Roman garrison 2yrs earlier while crossing Cisalpine.
		The garrison that held Mediolanium Cisalpine retreated to Liguria to reinforce the Capital of Segesta.
	montinola.org /pics/rome/history (4308 words)

	APA abstract:
		According to the proem, the three parts into which Gaul is divided are the regions inhabited by the Belgae, the Aquitani, and the Celtae.
		In standard usage, Gallia is the region where the Galli live, and this is recognized by Caesar when he says that the third part of Gaul is inhabited by "those who in their own language are called Celtae but in ours Galli." But the Belgae were non-Celtic, different from the Galli in language and customs.
		The parts of the world Caesar was to govern (Cisalpine Gaul and the Province) and keep an eye on (Gallia Comata) did not include Belgium.
	www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/05mtg/abstracts/Kovacs.html (610 words)

	Ravenna, A Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		With his defeat, however, the conquest of Cisalpine Gaul was undertaken anew, and at some time after 183 B.C.—we do not know exactly when—the whole of this vast lowland country passed into Roman administration, to become the chief province of Caesar's great triple command, and one of the most valuable parts of the empire.
		This impregnable city, the most southern of Cisalpine Gaul, immediately commanded the pass between Cisalpine Gaul and Italy directly that pass was threatened, and to this I say was due a good half of its fame.
		The Adriatic, upon whose western shore she stood at the gate of Italy and Cisalpine Gaul, was—and this partly because of the Roman horror of the sea—the fault between Greek and Latin, East and West.
	www.blackmask.com /thatway/books157c/ravstu.htm (18501 words)

	San Marino Maps, Routes
		In 42 BC Cisalpine Gaul, north of Alps Geography and History the Apennines, was added; and in the late 3rd century AD Italy came to include the islands of Terrain and Climate Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia, as well as Raetia and part of Pannonia to the north.
		By 264 BC all Italy south of Cisalpine Gaul was united under the leadership of Rome in a confederacy; its members were either incorporated in or allied with the Roman state.
		In 42 BC Cisalpine Gaul, north of Economy, Geography and History the Apennines, was added; and in the late 3rd century AD Italy came to include the islands of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia, as well as Raetia and part of Pannonia to the north.
	malta.europe-countries.com /travel/san-marino.htm (1709 words)

	Virgil
		By the time Virgil was born, it was part of the province called Cisalpine Gaul, which extended to the Alps and covered the Po valley where the god Silvanus, the Wood god, was very popular.
		We first hear of Cisalpine Gaul as a Roman province with a governor or military dictator appointed by Rome, not long before Virgil was born, though its government as a province seems to date from about 100 BC.
		It is not probable before the war, before the siege of Modena (Mutina) in Cisalpine Gaul in 43 BC, the campaign of Philippi and the suicide of Brutus in 42 BC, or the siege of Perugia (Perusia) and the defeat of Antony's brother in 41 BC.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/l/levi-virgil.html (10907 words)

	History of THE CELTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Romans call them Gauls, and distinguish their two nearest territories as Cisalpine Gaul ('this side of the Alps', as seen from Rome) and Transalpine Gaul ('across the Alps').
		Much of Cisalpine Gaul comes under Roman control after a campaign in 225, but the Celts here remain unreliable; a few years later many of them side with Hannibal.
		The rest of Gaul escapes the grasp of Rome until the arrival of Caesar.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa84 (746 words)

	Alps Agencies and Tours
		By 264 BC all Italy south of Cisalpine Gaul was united under the leadership of Rome in a Web Resources confederacy; its members were either incorporated in or allied with the Roman state.
		The status of the allies gradually spain alemanha america do sul portugalchanged until after the Italian, or Social, War (i.e., the war of the socii, or allies) of 90 BC, when Roman citizenship was extended to all Italy.
		In the meantime Cisalpine Gaul, which had received Roman citizenship in stages, was incorporated Leisure, Tourist Attractions and Parks documents available and will help find the document you need.
	travel.guia-portugal.com /alps.htm (2352 words)

	Italy Photos and Best Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The European country Italy Information By BC allItaly southof Cisalpine Gaul was united under the leadership of Rome in a confederacy; its members were either incorporated in or allied with the Roman state.
		In 42 BC Cisalpine Gaul, north of the Apennines, was added; and in the late 3rd century AD Italy, islands of Sicily, The European country Italy Information Corsica Italy has a great trading tradition.
		By 264 BC all Italy south of Cisalpine Gaul islands of Sicily, The European country Italy Information Corsica was united under the leadership of Rome in a confederacy; its members were either incorporated in or allied with the Roman state.
	www.geographicguide.com /travel/italy-photos-sites.htm (3382 words)

	French History Outline, The Celts in France, Caesar's conquest of Gaul and Rome in France [1000 BC - 489 AD]
		South of the Alpes, the Romans knew the Celtic territory as Cisalpine Gaul [Gaul this side of the Alpes].
		The Celtic land, to the north and to the west of the Alpes, was known as Transalpine Gaul [Gaul across the Alpes].
		Transalpine Gaul became a distinct Roman territory as a result of the campaigns of Julius Caesar.
	www.french-at-a-touch.com /French_History/history_the_celts_1000bc-150bc.htm (1471 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Next Caesar offered to resign command of eight legions and quit Transalpine Gaul if he might keep two legions and Cisalpine Gaul, or at least Illyricum and one legion, until he became Consul.
		Since the Senate refused to intervene on his behalf in a matter of such national importance, Caesar crossed into Cisalpine Gaul, where he held his regular assizes, and halted at Ravenna.
		Force was, in effect, used and the tribunes fled towards Cisalpine Gaul; which became Caesar's pretext for launching the Civil War.
	home.mira.net /~janie/dream/caesar.htm (265 words)

	Ancient Rome From the Earliest Times Down to 476 A.D By Robert F. Pennel (1890)- Chapter 31 from Nalanda Digital ...
		The Gauls were more or less civilized since they had come into contact with the Romans, but they still had the tribal form of government, like the early Romans.
		All the tribes in the northwestern part of Gaul (Brittany) except the VENETI had given hostages to Crassus, son of the Triumvir, and lieutenant of Caesar.
		Vercingetorix was kept to be exhibited in the triumph at Rome, and afterwards died in a dungeon.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/history/ancrome/chapter31.html (1924 words)

	Alps Maps and Routes
		In the meantime Cisalpine Gaul, which had received Roman citizenship in stages, was incorporated into Italy in 42 BC.
		In 42 BC Cisalpine Gaul, north of Alps Geography and History the Apennines, was added; and in the late 3rd century AD Italy came to include the islands of Terrain and Climate Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia, as well as Raetia and part of Pannonia to the north.
		In the meantime Cisalpine Gaul, which had received Roman citizenship in stages, was incorporated Leisure, Tourist Attractions and Parks documents available and will help find the document you need.
	georgia.europe-countries.com /guides/alps.htm (2275 words)

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