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	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Cisapride (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Cisapride (SIS-a-pride) is a medicine that increases the movements or contractions of the stomach and intestines.
		Cisapride stays in the body longer so the dose may be different than in younger people.
		Cisapride should be taken fifteen minutes before meals and at bedtime.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202672.html (1059 words)

	Impact of safety alerts upon prescribing of cisapride to children in New Zealand
		The DDD for cisapride, ranitidine and omeprazole was 30 mg, 300 mg and 20 mg respectively.
		It is clear that the utilisation of cisapride, mainly in the younger age group, has decreased substantially in the last couple of years but the present study indicated delay in the paediatricians’ response to the Prescriber Updates and to a greater extent the general practitioners’ response.
		The appropriateness of prescribing of cisapride in children is complicated by lack of convincing evidence of efficacy and an inability to adequately quantify the risks associated with the drug.
	www.nzma.org.nz /journal/115-1157/24 (2691 words)

	Propulsid Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Cisapride (Removed from US Market) - RxList Monographs
		Cisapride as the monohydrate is a white to slightly beige odorless powder.
		Each 1.04 mg of cisapride as the monohydrate is equivalent to one mg of cisapride.
		Propulsid is available for oral use in tablets containing cisapride as the monohydrate equivalent to 10 mg or 20 mg of cisapride and as a suspension containing the equivalent of 1 mg/ml of cisapride.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic/cisap.htm (333 words)

	Cisapride For Animals - Veterinary Use
		Cisapride is a third generation benzamide that is used in human and veterinary medicine as a motility enhancement drug.
		For example, cisapride is not generally used for the management of megaesophagus in dogs because they lack smooth muscle in the esophagus.
		At this time the effect of cisapride on gastrointestinal motility in the horse remains unclear and there does not appear to be a consensus of opinion regarding the use of prokinetic agents in the prevention of POI.
	www.wedgewoodpharmacy.com /cisapride.asp (909 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Cisapride
		Cisapride is only available in the United States to special patients who are signed up by their doctors.
		Cisapride is used to treat symptoms of nighttime heartburn in people who have not responded to other treatments.
		Cisapride usually is taken four times a day, 15 minutes before meals and at bedtime.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a694006.html (653 words)

	Position Papers - Cisapride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		On June 26, 1998 Janssen Pharmaceutica issued an announcement to physicians and patients that the labeling for cisapride was being changed to reflect increased warnings regarding the association between use of the drug and adverse cardiac events.
		Administration of cisapride with any drug that inhibits CYP3A4 such as the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin and clarithromycin (but not azithromycin) and the azole antifungals (ketoconazole, fluconazole, miconazole, and itraconazole) has the capacity to inhibit cisapride biotransformation and thus, increase cisapride plasma concentrations.
		Effects of cisapride on parameters of oesophageal motility and on the prolonged intraoesophageal pH test in infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
	www.naspghan.org /sub/cisapride.asp (3370 words)

	J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000 November;31(5):480-489. Copyright © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ...
		Cisapride is a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent that acts as a postganglionic serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonist.
		The mechanism of action of cisapride may largely be explained by an enhancement of the physiological release of acetylcholine at the level of the myenteric plexus.
		Gaviscon and carbobel with cisapride in gastro-oesophageal reflux.
	www.meb.uni-bonn.de /kinder/espghan/position_papers/panel_01.htm (5555 words)

	The Dangers of Cisapride Drug Interactions
		Subsequently, cisapride was associated with the potentially fatal arrhythmia torsades de pointes when taken with certain medications or in patients who have certain underlying conditions predisposing them to arrhythmias.
		Cisapride is metabolized primarily by the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme.
		Cisapride is contraindicated in patients with electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesmia).
	www.qtdrugs.org /consumers/01-cisapride.htm (1379 words)

	Cisapride treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux in children (Cochrane Review) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Only studies in which Cisapride was administered orally for a minimum of one week and which documented at least one of the primary outcomes were included.
		Cisapride was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the reflux index (weighted mean difference -6.49, 95%CI -10.13, -2.85), but as reflux index and clinical symptoms are poorly correlated, the clinical importance of this finding is uncertain.
		Due to reports of fatal cardiac arrhythmias or sudden death, from July 2000, cisapride was restricted to a limited access programme supervised by a paediatric gastrologist in the USA and in Europe, to patients treated within a clinical trial or safety study or registry programme.
	www.cochrane.org /cochrane/revabstr/ab002300.htm (767 words)

	Reference #100: Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of cisapride in healthy volunteers and the effect of repeated ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Reference #100: Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of cisapride in healthy volunteers and the effect of repeated administration of grapefruit juice.
		Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of cisapride in healthy volunteers and the effect of repeated administration of grapefruit juice.
		Double strength grapefruit juice (200 ml) or water was administered during cisapride dosing and 0.5 and 1.5 h thereafter.
	www.powernetdesign.com /grapefruit/references/ref100abstract.html (467 words)

	Cisapride - Drugs & Vitamins - Drug Library - DrugDigest
		Cisapride helps to control and relieve symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease such as heartburn.
		Cisapride is also used to help people with poor motility of the stomach and intestinal tract.
		For cisapride to work properly it is important to undertake other non-drug therapy.
	www.drugdigest.org /DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,152\|Cisapride,00.html (687 words)

	Texas Medicaid Vendor Drug Program, Cisapride (Propulsid®) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Cisapride is a prokinetic agent indicated for use in the management of heartburn due to gastroesophageal reflux disease.
		Cisapride has been reported to produce QT interval prolongation, torsades de pointes, cardiac arrest and sudden death in patients not receiving contraindicated medications.
		Cisapride is contraindicated for use in those patients receiving medications that prolong the QT intervalas these patients may be at risk for life-threatening arrhythmias.
	www.hhsc.state.tx.us /HCF/vdp/Criteria/cisaprid.html (1608 words)

	Virtual Hospital: PTNews:Cisapride: Review of the Investigational Limited Access Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Cisapride should not be used by patients taking drugs that may inhibit the metabolism of cisapride or drugs known to prolong the QT interval - See Table 1.
		The manufacturer states that there is some evidence that the accumulation of cisapride and/or its metabolites may be somewhat higher in patients with hepatic impairment, but the differences have not been found to be consistent.
		Cisapride should be discontinued if relief of nocturnal heartburn does not improve within four to six weeks.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/pharmacyservices/PTNews/2000/0304PTNews.html (1370 words)

	Indication Changes for Cisapride
		The rate of arrhythmia with recent cisapride use was found to be 1.1 per 1000 person-years versus 0.6 per 1000 for non-recent use.
		The rate of reports of QT-prolongation with cisapride has been higher in the US than in other parts of the world, and cisapride is now available only under a special access scheme in the US.
		Note, in particular, that cisapride is no longer approved for the treatment of constipation, and mention of this indication has been deleted from the Dosage and Administration section of the data sheet.
	www.medsafe.govt.nz /Profs/PUarticles/cisaprideInd.htm (1004 words)

	Cisapride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		If you have taken cisapride in the past and/or you suffer from serious gastrointestinal disease that is not treatable by any other means, your doctor may be able to provide the drug for you through the cisapride limited-access program.
		This program makes cisapride available only for appropriate patients who would benefit from treatment and who suffer from disorders such as gastroparesis, pseudo-obstruction, and severe chronic constipation, or severe reflux disease that is not treatable by any other means.
		An option for patients who are running out of cisapride and who have an urgent medical need, as determined by their physician, to continue therapy during the physicians application process for the limited-access protocols.
	www.iffgd.org /GIDisorders/kidsCisapride.html (935 words)

	The risks and benefits of cisapride -- CAIRNS 80 (5): 493 -- Archives of Disease in Childhood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is certainly too early to state that cisapride is unsafe in premature infants; however, there is insufficient evidence
		Lander A, Desai A. The risks and benefits of cisapride in premature neonates, infants, and children [annotation].
		Cisapride: a survey of the frequency of use and adverse events in premature newborns.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/80/5/493 (614 words)

	Interaction of Cisapride with the Human Cytochrome P450 System: Metabolism and Inhibition Studies -- Desta et al. 28 ...
		Cisapride (10 µM) was incubated with microsomes from 14 different HLMs (and one inactive HLM as a control) to test the correlation
		HPLC traces of cisapride and its metabolites (NORCIS, 3-F-4-OHCIS, and 4-F-2-OHCIS) from in vitro incubation with HLMs.
		Preechagoon Y and Charles BG (1995) Analysis of cisapride in neonatal plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with a base-stable column and fluorescence detection.
	dmd.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/28/7/789 (5284 words)

	Age-Related Differences in the Direct Cardiac Effects of Cisapride: Narrower Safety Range in the Hearts of Young ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Cisapride prolonged the corrected QT intervals in a dose-dependent manner.
		The neonatal rabbit heart developed the AV block after 0.3 µM cisapride; therefore, the effects of cisapride at 1 µM were not examined.
		Cisapride also prolonged the corrected QT intervals in a dose-dependent manner, and the prolongation was more evident in the neonate than in the adult.
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/full/53/3/493 (3571 words)

	FDA UPDATES WARNINGS FOR CISAPRIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Cisapride is a treatment for severe nighttime heartburn in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who do not adequately respond to other therapies.
		Cisapride should not be used by patients taking some of the following types of medications: anti-allergy, anti-angina, anti-arrhythmics (irregular heart rhythm), antibiotics, anti-depressants, anti-fungals, anti-nausea, anti-psychotics and protease inhibitors (anti-HIV infection).
		Cisapride was approved by FDA in tablet form in 1993, and in suspension form in 1995.
	www.fda.gov /bbs/topics/ANSWERS/ANS00999.html (536 words)

	cisapride - Digestion and digestive-related information on MedicineNet.com
		All patients taking cisapride have been advised to contact their doctors.
		Cisapride, like metoclopramide (Reglan), decreases stomach acid reflux by strengthening the lower esophagus sphincter, as well as the peristaltic muscle contractions of the lower esophagus.
		But the relationship of cisapride to these events were not clear.
	www.medicinenet.com /cisapride/article.htm (594 words)

	Cisapride
		Alcohol consumption is associated with nighttime heartburn and may interfere with cisapride therapy.
		Ingestion of red wine along with cisapride may also increase blood levels of the drug in some individuals, potentially increasing its side effects.
		In a study of healthy males, ingestion of 250 ml (about one cup) of grapefruit juice along with cisapride increased the peak blood level of the drug by an average of 68%.
	www.pccnaturalmarkets.com /health/Drug/Cisapride.htm (447 words)

	The risks and benefits of cisapride in premature neonates, infants, and children -- LANDER and DESAI 79 (6): 469 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The risks and benefits of cisapride in premature neonates, infants, and children
		Effect of cisapride on esophageal pH monitoring in children with reflux-associated bronchopulmonary disease.
		Predicting the clinical response to cisapride in children with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/79/6/469 (1306 words)

	QT Interval in Children and Infants Receiving Cisapride -- Levine et al. 101 (3): 9 -- Pediatrics
		Cisapride is a prokinetic agent that is commonly used for a variety of motility disorders including gastroesophageal reflux,
		Many patients continued cisapride treatment, but additional ECG studies were not performed after the end of the study period.
		Subcommittee: Cisapride and the attack of the P-450s.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/101/3/e9 (1407 words)

	Stereoselective Metabolism of Cisapride and Enantiomer-Enantiomer Interaction in Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: Major ...
		Cisapride is a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent that has been widely used in adults and children for the treatment of gastrointestinal
		The thickness of the arrow indicates the relative contribution of the pathway to the overall cisapride metabolism.
		Batman DN (1986) The action of cisapride on gastric emptying and the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of oral diazepam.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/298/2/508 (7484 words)

	Cisapride and Arrhythmias
		Cisapride (Prepulsid) causes QT-prolongation which may worsen to life-threatening torsade de pointes.
		Cisapride should be avoided with substances which inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4, with other agents which prolong the QT-interval, in patients with predisposing factors for arrhythmia or pre-existing QT-prolongation and in patients with hepatic failure.
		Cardiac arrhythmias and cisapride are an adverse reaction of current concern.
	www.medsafe.govt.nz /profs/puarticles/cisapride.htm (334 words)

	JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA STOPS MARKETING CISAPRIDE IN THE US (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Cisapride is a prescription drug treatment approved only for severe nighttime heartburn experienced by adult patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that does not adequately respond to other therapies.
		Patients who are currently prescribed cisapride are urged to promptly contact their health care providers to discuss alternative treatments.
		Since the drug’s approval in 1993, Cisapride’s labeling has been revised several times (most recently in January 2000, see FDA Talk Paper T00-6) to inform health care professionals and patients about the drug’s risks.
	www.fda.gov /bbs/topics/ANSWERS/ANS01007.html (365 words)

	Drug points: Bronchospasm associated with cisapride -- 311 (7018): 1472 -- BMJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		She recovered over a week after cisapride was stopped but had
		cisapride in an 18 year old patient with brittle asthma.
		It may be prudent to exercise caution when cisapride is to be used
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/311/7018/1472/b (274 words)

	Retrospective analysis of cisapride-induced QT changes in end-stage renal disease patients -- Hentges et al. 15 (11): ...
		within 1 month of cisapride use was considered as being on cisapride.
		Wiseman LR, Faulds D. Cisapride: An updated review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy as a prokinetic agent in gastrointestinal motility disorders.
		Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cisapride in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
	ndt.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/15/11/1814 (2665 words)

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