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	Ciskei - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ciskei was a Bantustan in the south east of South Africa.
		This was opposed by Gqozo and the other homeland leaders and on 7 September 1992 the Ciskei police fired into a crowd of ANC members demanding the removal of Gqozo.
		Ciskei and all of the other homelands were reincorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994, after the first post-apartheid elections.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Ciskei (516 words)

	Ciskei -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ciskei was a (Click link for more info and facts about Bantustan) Bantustan in the south east of (A republic at the southernmost part of Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1910; first European settlers were Dutch (known as Boers)) South Africa.
		Ciskei was designated as one of two homeland or "Bantustan" for (A Bantu language closely related to Zulu) Xhosa-speaking people.
		Ciskei and all of the other homelands were reincorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994, after the first post- (A social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites; the former official policy in South Africa) apartheid elections.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ci/ciskei.htm (540 words)

	Ciskei on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1961, Ciskei became a separate administrative territory and in 1972 was declared “self-governing.” During the 1970s Xhosa-speaking people were relocated to the homeland.
		In 1981, Ciskei became the fourth homeland to be granted “independence” and subsequently its residents' South African citizenship was revoked.
		Ciskei, like all of the homelands, was not recognized as an independent nation by the international community.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c/ciskei.asp (468 words)

	CISKEI. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Surrounded by the Cape Province (in the portion that is now Eastern Cape) of South Africa, it consisted of two parcels of land, the larger one bordering the Indian Ocean to the southeast.
		Even after the legal foundation of apartheid was largely struck down in 1991–92, the Ciskei government remained closely aligned with the South African government.
		South Africa took control of Ciskei in early 1994 after a coup by local police, and later that year, Ciskei and the other homelands were reincorporated into South Africa after the nation’s first all-race elections.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/ci/Ciskei.html (220 words)

	Ciskei - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Beyond the Cape frontier: Studies in the history of the Transkei and Ciskei
		The Republic of Ciskei, a nation in transition
		Ciskei: Economics and Politics of Dependence in a South African Homeland
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /ciskei.htm (543 words)

	Ciskei - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Originally, Zwelitsha served as the capital with the view that Alice would become the long term national capital.
		Under South Africa's policy of apartheid, land was set aside for fl peoples in self-governing territories.
		On 7 September 1992 the Ciskei police fired into a crowd of ANC members demanding the removal of Gqozo.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ciskei (434 words)

	South Africa - Homeland Militaries
		Ciskei and Transkei were largely Xhosa-speaking homelands in the southern coastal region that became the Eastern Cape province in 1994.
		Ciskei's president in the early 1980s, Lennox Sebe, established an elaborate security apparatus to protect his government, but members of his family and his army, nonetheless, tried on several occasions to overthrow him.
		Tensions rose as the new Ciskei government debated the reincorporation of the homeland into South Africa, and the Gqozo government was ousted in early 1994, only weeks before the historic South African national elections and the dissolution of the homelands.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-12196.html (1111 words)

	Ciskei (South African homeland)
		Ciskei was the largest unsegmented bantustan, in south eastern Cape Province (currently Eastern Cape).
		Ciskei was granted internal self-government on 1 August 1972 and achieved full "independence" from South Africa on 4 December 1981.
		Ciskei was re-incorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994 and ceased to exist as a separate political entity and the flag is no longer in use.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/za-ck.html (531 words)

	Ciskei -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bordering the Indian Ocean in the south, Ciskei is surrounded on land by South Africa.
		The Ciskei and Bophuthatswana governments rejected reincorporation until a final constitution was agreed for South Africa.
		Ciskei was separated from Transkei by a fingerlike extension of South African territory on the...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9082702?tocId=9082702&query=ciskei (642 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ciskei
		Under the Union of South Africa and after that under the Republic of South Africa, the old Cape Colony became the Cape of Good Hope Province (though it was commonly known as the Cape Province).
		Lennox Leslie Wongamu Sebe was chief minister of the Xhosa bantustan of Ciskei, and the countrys first president.
		See Also: Heads of State of Ciskei List of the Heads of State of Ciskei (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office) See Also Bantustan President of South Africa List of State Presidents of South Africa List of Prime Ministers of South Africa Governor-General of the Union of South Africa Apartheid Non-recognized nations...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ciskei (1238 words)

	South Africa: Ciskei: Ten Years on Human Rights and the Fiction of “Independence” (Human Rights Watch ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ciskei is located in the "Border region" of the Eastern Cape Province, which is one of the poorest areas of South Africa and has almost no significant industrial development.
		At a roadblock in Ciskei, CDF soldiers stopped and shot Colonel Onward Guzana, a former member of the Military Council from the early days of the Gqozo regime, and Major-General Charles Sebe, brother of the deposed president, who were allegedly returning to Ciskei to stage a coup against Gqozo's government.
		One incident that caused earlier friction was the appointment of Vito Palazzolo, a convicted criminal, as Ciskei's ambassador plenipotentiary.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1991/southafrica3 (12103 words)

	Capetown Conference on Land Tenure Issues: 11. Cocks, Michelle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1983, the Department of Agriculture of the former Ciskei, introduced a system whereby stock owners from neighbouring communal areas in the Middledrift district, where the grazing has been under pressure for some time, were allowed to graze stock on the state farms in return for grazing fees.
		As a result, most of the land belonging to the Xhosa in the area of the Ciskei was alienated and major resettlements to east of the river were effected.
		The land vests in the national government, and certificates in terms of the constitution have to be obtained in order to vest the land in the provincial government, upon which further legal mechanisms must be set in motion to delegate authority to the provincial government to dispose of the land.
	www.mekonginfo.org /mrc/html/capetown/cape11.htm (5721 words)

	Southern African National Parks - SAPARKS.COM
		This recently built capital of the Republic of Ciskei was granted Independence in 1981, and reincorporated into the new South Africa in 1994.
		Ciskei was previously one of the fl homelands, but Bisho now serves as capital of the Eastern Cape, one of the nine provinces in the new South Africa.
		The inhabitants of the former Ciskei Republic are mainly from the Xhosa and Mfengu tribes.
	www.saparks.com /tours/tour15.htm (773 words)

	THE SITUATION IN CISKEI
		The situation in Ciskei is perilously close to the edge and we would like to avoid scenes of bloody violence and conflict by taking urgent steps to restore civil and political freedom.
		The declaration of the State of Emergency in Ciskei is the culmination of months of repression which have included arbitrary arrests, assaults and armed attacks on ANC members.
		In terms of the proclamation all police officials of the Ciskei state are immune from prosecution for any acts they may have committed whilst acting in terms of the state of emergency.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/pr/1991/pr1031.html (943 words)

	AIM25: Institute of Commonwealth Studies: Ciskei General Election, 1973
		In 1961, Ciskei became a separate administrative territory and in 1972 was declared "self-governing.
		In September 1992, Ciskei police fired on a crowd of African National Congress demonstrators, killing 28 and wounding several hundred.
		Scope and content/abstract: Papers on the Ciskei General Election of 21 February 1973 comprising election posters; election manifestos of P T Guzana, J N Ntahele, I L Sangotsha and [Lennox L Sebe]; policy statement by the Ciskei Chief Minister, Justice Thandatha Jongilizwe Mabandla and questionnaire to candidates from Stanley B G Kaba, Press representative.
	www.aim25.ac.uk /cgi-bin/search2?coll_id=4627&inst_id=16 (353 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Ciskei
		The CISKEI, part of the Cape Colony/Province since 1834, was selected as the homeland of the Xhosa people.
		The Ciskei was established as an administrative entity in 1961, given SELF-GOVERNMENT in 1972 and nominal independence in 1981.
		Internationally, the Ciskei and the other 'independent' homelands (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda) were regarded as South African puppets and not recognized.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/southafrica/ciskei.html (325 words)

	Lenox Sebe
		In 1968 he assumed educational portfolio in the Ciskei Territorial Authority.
		On 05 December Sebe became the president of Ciskei with Rev. W.M Xaba as his Vice President.
		The Ciskei National Assembly bestowed the title of the President for Life on Sebe in 1983.
	home.intekom.com /southafricanhistoryonline/pages/people/sebe-l.htm (464 words)

	Volume TWO Chapter FIVE
		In Ciskei and Venda, an attempt was made to achieve economies of scale by combining policing, defence, intelligence and correctional functions into single joint forces.
		Ciskei Minister of Justice, David Takane, denied knowledge of this, but did acknowledge that the vigilantes were operating with official endorsement.
		Ciskei declared a state of emergency in the Peelton area and violence and bulldozing of rebels’ houses followed.
	www.niza.nl /trc/2chap5.htm (18829 words)

	banc
		Kasrils, a member of the ANC's national executive committee in 1992, was testifying for the prosecution in the murder trial of former Ciskei soldiers Vakele Mkosana and Mzamile Gonya.
		Kasrils said he was part of a reconnaissance group which drove ahead of the march and found a broken section of fence on the north-east of the stadium.
		Kasrils said when he was deputy defence minister in 1996 he had encouraged the former Ciskei troops to apply for amnesty in connection with the shootings.
	www.dispatch.co.za /2001/10/30/easterncape/BANC.HTM (683 words)

	Capetown Conference on Land Tenure Issues: 02. Abrahams, Gemey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The first is that of unraveling the land tenure issues so that there is some equity of tenure rights across the municipality, the other is how to address the administrative issues so that the local municipality, which now comprises a mosaic of areas, can coherently govern its area of jurisdiction into the next century.
		The area was administered by the Department of Bantu Administration and later the Ciskei Department of Internal Affairs and Land Tenure, from a local office in Dimbaza, near Bisho.
		There does not appear to be any specific former Ciskei legislation that can be used in its place, making it almost impossible to legally upgrade this form of tenure at present.
	www.mekonginfo.org /mrc/html/capetown/cape02.htm (4171 words)

	Medical letter writing action: South Africa: Extrajudicial execution of nurse/community leader Jeanette Mahongo
		It appears that the Ciskei security police were directly involved in the murder, and that Sister Mahongo was the victim of an extrajudicial execution.
		She was also pressured by Ciskei officials to stop her efforts to obtain development funds for the community.
		As a nominally independent "homeland", Ciskei has a head of state (Chairman of the Council of State) and government departments responsible for running the "homeland's" day-to-day affairs.
	www.amnestyusa.org /countries/south_africa/document.do?id=D6CBC48A9E433456802569A600603882 (1590 words)

	[No title]
		The Ciskei Police and the South African Police would liaise on their equal level, but from Intelligence levels we will also liaise and then from time to time come together as a total group, and discuss the total situation as such.
		There is a long tragic incident that happened there, that resulted in Colonel Hugo leaving the Ciskei for Transkei, later being charged for the theft of money, and he left the Ciskei and the Military Intelligence of the CDF was without a head.
		We were appointed in the Ciskei Defence Force as contractual members, at a much reduced salary and we continued to get the Ciskei Defence Force off the ground that year.
	www.doj.gov.za /trc/hrvtrans/bisho2/nel.htm (7905 words)

	Joshua Oupa Gqozo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In March 1990 Gqozo staged a coup in Ciskei in the absence of the Ciskei Chief Minister Lennox Sebe.
		The new government under Gqozo and executive committee comprised of four members announced the suspension of the constitution and the abolition of the office of the presidency.
		In February 1991 the head of Ciskei’s Defence Force, Brigadier Aaron Jamangile was arrested after he was accused of leading another abortive coup.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/people/gqozo-j.htm (750 words)

	trc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		EAST LONDON -- Seventeen former Ciskei policemen were granted amnesty by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's amnesty committee for taking hostage 50 of their seniors at the Ciskei Police College in Bisho in March 1994.
		This objective was supported by a significant number of inhabitants of Ciskei as well as a number of political organisations including the ANC alliance.
		The committee argued that although it was a given fact that the first democratic elections would be held in the country on April 27, 1994, Gqozo was resisting the holding of elections in Ciskei at the time.
	www.dispatch.co.za /1999/07/08/easterncape/TRC.HTM (368 words)

	Asist - ASIST - Employment
		For the project in the Ciskei, two local institutions were available to provide modular training skills necessary for the project.
		However, during subsequent meetings it became clear that discussions on training at national level were pointing towards splitting up the country into certain geographic areas and appointing the various training centres to operate within their allocated region.
		The non- accredited institution clearly felt that, as they were located in the Ciskei and the other institution's head office was not, any training needs should be carried out by themselves.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/employment/recon/eiip/asist/papers/pap1995/pap9513.htm (992 words)

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