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Topic: Cispadane Republic

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Cisalpine Republic

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	Cisalpine Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The flag of the Cisalpine Republic was the Transpadane Republic vertical Italian tricolour, with the square shape of the Cispadane Republic
		The Cisalpine Republic consisted of roughly the former Duchy of Milan, those portions of the Republic of Venice west of the Adige River, the Duchy of Modena, the Papal Legations, and the Piedmontese province of Novara.
		Formally, the Cisalpine Republic was an independent state allied with France, but the treaty of alliance stated the effective subalternity of the new republic to its ally.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cisalpine_Republic (799 words)

	Cispadane Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cispadane Republic (Italian: Repubblica Cispadana) was a short-lived republic located in Northern Italy, founded in 1796 with the protection of the French army, led by Napoleon Bonaparte.
		On 16 October 1796, a congress was held in Modena, formed by representatives from the provinces of Modena, Bologna, Ferrara and Reggio Emilia.
		On 9 July, the Cispadane Republic combined with the Transpadane Republic to form the Cisalpine Republic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cispadane_Republic (189 words)

	Italy on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Remaining independent were the Papal States, the declining republics of Venice, Genoa, and Lucca, and the kingdom of Sardinia (see Sardinia, kingdom of), created in 1720 by the union of Piedmont, Savoy, and Sardinia under the house of Savoy.
		The Cispadane and Transpadane republics, established in 1796, were united (1797) as the Cisalpine Republic, recognized in the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797).
		In 1802 the Cisalpine Republic, comprising Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, was renamed the Italian Republic; in 1805 it became the kingdom of Italy (enlarged by the addition of Venetia), with Napoleon as king and Eugène de Beauharnais as viceroy.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Italy_History.asp (5682 words)

	Cisalpine Republic
		By the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797), Austria recognized the republic, to which were added the Venetian territories W of the Adige (including Bergamo and Brescia), the duchy of Mantua, and the formerly Swiss Valtellina.
		The republic was in fact subject to France, and its constitution was based on the French model.
		In 1802 it became the Italian Republic and in 1805, with the addition of Venetia, the Napoleonic kingdom of Italy.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0812305.html (262 words)

	Cisalpine Republic -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		French République Cisalpine, Italian Repubblica Cisalpina, republic formed by General Napoleon Bonaparte in June 1797 in conquered territories centred in the Po River valley of northern Italy.
		The new republic excluded both Geneva, which was annexed to France (April 1798), and the three provinces of Valtellina, Chiavenna, and Bormio, which went to the Italian Cisalpine Republic.
		The Cisalpine Republic was changed to a monarchy, and he himself was crowned king of Italy with the famous “iron crown” of Lombardy.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9082700 (793 words)

	Footnotes to History- C
		Cisalpine Republic- The Cisalpine Republic was formed in June of 1797 by Napoleon, merging the earlier puppet states of the Cispadane and the Transpadane Republics.
		Cospaia, Republic of- In 1440, Pope Eugene IV sold a district in the northern Papal States to the Republic of Florence.
		Counani, Republic of- In 1886, a long-standing border dispute between Brazil and French Guiana was settled by arbitration, awarding the contested area to Brazil.
	www.buckyogi.com /footnotes/natc.htm (6093 words)

	8. Italy during the French Revolution. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		A series of conferences in Italy to write the constitution of a Cispadane (south of the Po) Republic.
		The Cispadane Republic was merged into the Cisalpine Republic (1797: Milan, Modena, Ferrara, Bologna, Romagna).
		Austrian and Russian troops entered Italy and the republics met with resistance throughout the countryside.
	www.bartleby.com /67/746.html (195 words)

	Heraldry in Pre-Unification Italy
		The Republic of Genoa lasted until 1797; it was replaced by the Ligurian Republic (1797-1805) which kept the flag, and briefly revived in December 1814 before article 86 of the treaty of Vienna gave Genoa to the kingdom of Sardinia.
		In 1848, the tricolor became the flag of the kingdom of Sardinia (with the arms of the house of Savoie in center) and in 1860 that of the kingdom of Italy.
		In the wake of the French invasion, a Anconine Republic was proclaimed in Ancona on November 19, 1797.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/italy2.htm (5752 words)

	The History Of The Italian Flag
		This flag was adopted on January 7, 1797 and had the red at the top, the white in the middle, charged with the coat of arms, and the green at the bottom.
		On July 17, 1797 the Cispadane and the Transpadane Republics were united into the Cisalpine Republic, which adopted the Tricolore, known today as the official Italian flag.
		In 1802 the Cisalpine Republic became the Italian Republic and on August 20, 1802 a new flag was adopted.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalianFlag/HistoryOfItalianFlag.htm (511 words)

	Napoleon the life, the military campaigns, the misteries
		The agreement foresaw that Austria entered in possession of the territories of the Republic of Venice, while the Lombardy, large part of the Emilia and Romagna and the territories of the Cispadane Republic were united in the Cisalpine Republic.
		The Cispadane republic and the birth of the tricolor flag
		The Republic, after having denied with the coup d'ètat the principle of the representative and democratic government, entered resolvedly, on international level, on the way of the imperialism and it stamped on “the people's right to decide on its own”, that it had solemnly affirmed in 1790.
	www.geocities.com /iturks/html/napoleon_1.html (3165 words)

	Cispadane Republic (1797) (Italy)
		The revolt in Modena-Reggio took effect on 26 August 1796 and the Republic of Reggio (later Emiliana Republic) was proclaimed.
		The Cispadana federation was created (Congress of 16-18 October) and later became Republic on 28 December 1796.
		Cispadana and Transpadana were merged (and also the province of Novara was merged) and the Cisalpina republic was created on 30 June 1797.Cisalpina adopted flag on 11 May 1798.
	flagspot.net /flags/it-cispa.html (380 words)

	French European Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Cisalpine Republic, capital Milan, created after Napoleon defeated the Austrians in northern Italy in 1796, combined Cispadane and Transpadane and existed from 1797 to 1802.
		After, it became the Republic of Italy, which lasted until 1805 and was them was converted into the kingdom of Italy, incorporating Venice, with Napoleon himself as king.
		The ancient bishopric of Valais was attached to the Helvetian Republic from 1798 to 1802, after which it was "independent" to 1810, when it was annexed by France.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /f/frenchEuropeanEmpire.html (450 words)

	FLAG OF ITALY FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The flag was mantained until 1802, after the republic was renamed ''Repubblica Italiana'' (Italian Republic); in 1802 a new square flag was adopted, with a red field carrying a white rhombus and a green square in the middle of the white rhombus.
		In 1849, ''Repubblica Romana'' (Roman Republic) adopted the Italian tricolour with (on the war flag) a double fl 'R' on the white stripe.
		The curent version is a squared blue flag, with in the middle the flag of the Italian Republic (Napoleonic), with the golden coat of arms of Italy on the green square.
	www.bellancas.com /flag_of_Italy (1267 words)

	Napoleon
		This, the Cisalpine Republic, was to based on the French model (notably the constitution of An III, that is, that written by the Directory).
		It comprised all of Lomabrdy north of the river Po, the ex-Cispadane Republic south of that river (Modena, Ferrara, Bologna and the Romagna).
		In July 1800, Marescalchi was appointed representative of the Cisalpine Republic in Paris.
	www.napoleon.org /en/reading_room/biographies/files/marescalchi_melzi.asp (1171 words)

	Cisalpine Republic: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		[follow hyperlink for more...]), the Transpadane Republic and the province of Novara (Novara: novara is a city of piedmont, in north-west italy, to the west of milan....
		The Cisalpine Republic consisted of roughly the former Duchy of Milan (Duchy of Milan: the duchy of milan was a state in northern italy from 1395 to 1797....
		The republic was occupied by Austrian (Austrian: A native or inhabitant of Austria) forces in 1799, and restored June 2 1800 after the Battle of Marengo (Battle of Marengo: more facts about this subject).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/cisalpine_republic (497 words)

	flag of Cisalpine Republic (1797) (Italy) flags, Fahnen, Flaggen, FOTW bei Nationalflaggen.de (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Cisalpine Republic used a vertical tricolour green-white-red (11 May 1798).
		Transpadana were merged (and also the province of Novara) and the Cisalpina republic was created on 30 June 1797.
		On january 1802 it took the name of Italian Republic (later, 1805, Kingdom of Italy (1805-1814)).
	www.nationalflaggen.de /flags-of-the-world/flags/it-cisal.html (146 words)

	Italian Republic (1802-1805) (Italy)
		In 1805 the Italian Republic became Kingdom of Italy and a golden eagle was added to the flag.
		Extract from the records of the decisions of the President of the Italian Republic.
		Znamierowski [zna00] shows on p.118 the flag used by the Italian Republic between 1802 and 1805.
	www.atlasgeo.net /fotw/flags/it-itrep.html (612 words)

	Kingdom of Italy (1805-1814) (Italy) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Transpadana were merged (and also the province of Novara was merged) and the Cisalpina republic was created on 30 June 1797.
		The flag of the state was NOT change during the short (1805 - 1814) kingdom of Italy.
		Italian Republic (1802-1805) and used the same flags beside Napoleon standard as King of Italy which was charged with his "eagle" un the centre.
	www.buschauer.dynip.com /fotw/flags/it-kng05.html (165 words)

	CHAPTER III. - ITALIAN CAMPAIGNS: TREATY OF CAMPO FORMIO.
		It was the appointment of Napoleon Bonaparte to the command of the latter force, in the spring of 1796, that first centred the fortunes of the Republic in the land beyond the Alps.
		With what degree of sincerity Bonaparte himself acted may be judged from the circumstance that, while he harangued the Cispadanes on the necessity of Italian union, he imprisoned the Milanese who attempted to excite a popular movement for the purpose of extending this union to themselves.
		The public articles of the treaty declared that there should be friendship between the French and the Venetian Republics; that the sovereignty of Venice should reside in the body of the citizens; and that the French garrison should retire so soon as the new Government announced that it had no further need of its support.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Europe/00000014.htm (7957 words)

	flag of Italy - Sport Flags flags
		Previous President's flag (blue with the coat-of-arms of the Republic in gold).
		That blue colour is the livery colour of the House of Savoy, and therefore for the Kings of Italy 1861-1946.
		Cispadane Republic's flag adopted by Massimiliano Rosolino silver medalist as lucky charm.
	www.flags-of-the-world.net /flags/it@.html (766 words)

	Directory (political) - Universipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1797 Bonaparte finished the conquest of northern Italy and forced Austria to make the treaty of Campo Formio (October), whereby the emperor ceded Lombardy and the Austrian Netherlands to the French Republic in exchange for Venice and undertook to urge upon the Diet the surrender of the lands beyond the Rhine.
		Notwithstanding the victory of Cape St Vincent, the United Kingdom was brought into such extreme peril by the mutinies in the fleet that she offered to acknowledge the French conquest of the Netherlands and to restore the French colonies.
		The puppet republics established by the French in Italy collapsed, and Suvorov defeated the French army on the Trebbia as it retreated from Naples.
	www.pillnow.net /university/Library/French_Directory (3973 words)

	Burke: Select Works of Edmund Burke, Vol. 3, Letters on a Regicide Peace, Front Matter: Library of Economics and Liberty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Meanwhile, the Duke of York was besieging Dunkirk; and the existence of the Republic depended on the defence of the Iron Frontier.
		Prussia was to leave in the hands of the French, pending a general pacification, all her possessions on the left bank of the Rhine: for these she was to be indemnified out of the rich fund of the Ecclesiastical Sovereignties.
		The republic was "one and indivisible": the sovereignty resided in the universality of French citizens.
	www.econlib.org /LIBRARY/LFBooks/Burke/brkSWv3c0.html (17561 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> tr:Modena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the 18th century Rinaldo d'Este (died in 1737) was twice driven from his city by French invasions, and Francesco III d'Este (1698-1780) built many of Modena's public buildings, but the Este pictures were sold and wound up, many of them, in Dresden.
		Ercole III (1727-1803) died in exile at Treviso, having refused Napoleonic offers of compensation when Modena was made part of the Napoleonic Cispadane Republic.
		His only daughter, Maria Beatrice d'Este, married Ferdinand of Austria, son of Maria Theresa, and in 1814 their eldest son, Francis IV, Duke of Modena, received back the estates of the Este.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/tr:Modena (1264 words)

	Republics of Russia articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Union of Soviet Socialist Republics UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS [Union of Soviet Socialist Republics] (USSR), Rus.
		It was established in 1922 and dissolved in 1991.
		Dagestan Republic DAGESTAN REPUBLIC [Dagestan Republic], constituent republic (1999 pop.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Republics+of+Russia (246 words)

	A Chronology of World Political History (1701 - 1800 C.E.)
		On.7.9 of the same year, the Transpadane Republic, the Cispadane Republic and Modena were united as the Cisalpine Republic.
		On.6.23 the army of Sanfedisti despatched by Sicily toppled the Parthenopean Republic and Naples was reoccupied by Sicily.
		Nominally under Osmanli protection, the Republic was in practice controlled by Russia.
	www.geocities.com /kfzhouy/Chron/Chron11e.html (7366 words)

	Italian Unification
		An insurrection in 1848 caused pope Pius IX to flee Rome and a republic was proclaimed.
		Roman Republic declared; Ferdinand IV enters Rome (later retaken by French); Abdication of Charles Emmanuel IV of Savoy.
		Successful revolution in Milan; Venice proclaimed a Republic; Charles Albert [Piedmont and Sardinia] invades Lombardy; Tuscan forces invade Lombardy; Naples constitution denied; Union of Venetia and Piedmont declared, soon overthrown; Battle of Custozza, Charles Albert defeated.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalyHistory/ItalianUnification.htm (1463 words)

	"B" European Cities quiz -- free game
		This Italian city was made capital of the so called Cispadane Republic after Napoleon´s occupation in 1796.
		It was a significant member of the Hansa League in the 13th century.
		This city is the second largest of the Czech Republic.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=113173&origin= (380 words)

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