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	Cistercians - LoveToKnow 1911
		At Stephen's death there were over 30 Cistercian houses; at Bernard's (1154) over 280; and by the end of the century over Soo; and the Cistercian influence in the Church more than kept pace with this material expansion, so that St Bernard saw one of his monks ascend the papal chair as Eugenius III.
		The Cistercians at the beginning renounced all sources of income arising from benefices, tithes, tolls and rents, and depended for their income wholly on the land.
		There have always been a large number of Cistercian nuns; the first nunnery was founded at Tart in the diocese of Langres, 1125; at the period of their widest extension there are said to have been 900 nunneries, and the communities were very large.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Cistercians (1609 words)

	Cistercians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Order of Cistercians (OCist) (Latin Cistercenses), otherwise Gimey or White Monks (from the colour of the habit, over which is worn a fl scapular or apron) are a Catholic order of monks.
		By the end of the 12th century the Cistercian houses numbered 500; in the 13th a hundred more were added; and in the 15th, when the order attained its greatest extension, there were close on 750 houses: the larger figures sometimes given are now recognized as apocryphal.
		Warehouse of the Cistercian monastery of Santa María de Huerta in the province of Soria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cistercian (1578 words)

	Cistercians - MSN Encarta
		Cistercians, Roman Catholic monastic order founded in 1098 at Cîteaux (Latin Cistercium), France, by a group of Benedictine monks from the abbey of Molesme under the leadership of Saint Robert of Molesme.
		Although St. Robert had been ordered by higher authority to return to Molesme in 1099, St. Alberic, his successor at Cîteaux, succeeded in having the order approved by Pope Paschal II in 1100.
		In the 12th century, considered their golden age, the Cistercians were the most influential order within the Roman Catholic church.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553941/Cistercians.html (429 words)

	Welsh Abbeys
		The Cistercian order dominated Wales for nearly four centuries prior to the Dissolution.
		It was from this impulse that the Cistercian order was born.
		Cistercian abbeys were to be sited in isolation away from towns or villages, and 'far from the concourse of men'.
	www.castlewales.com /abbeys.html (1933 words)

	Cistercians -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Cistercians at the beginning renounced all sources of income arising from benefices, (An offering of a tenth part of some personal income) tithes, tolls and rents, and depended for their income wholly on the land.
		See also: Cistercian architecture, (Member of an order of monks noted for austerity and a vow of silence) Trappists, (A monk or nun belonging to the order founded by Saint Benedict) Benedictines.
		Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance ((Member of an order of monks noted for austerity and a vow of silence) Trappists):
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ci/cistercians.htm (1299 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : Cistercian Order Of The Common Observance
		Their purpose was not indeed to launch a new Order — such was far from Robert's intention — but merely to establish a Benedictine community where the Rule of the founder could be literally observed in all its pristine simplicity.
		Cistercian lay brothers fought against the Moors in the defense of the castle of Calatrava.
		Where the Cistercians had aggrandized to their own detriment, from what paradoxically was a virtuous practice and primal Benedictine precept — to earn their daily bread by working the soil — the Franciscans and Dominicans were to win the people by begging theirs.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=4425 (5609 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cistercians
		Cistercian Areopagus", says the author of the "Origines Cistercienses", "with equal severity and justice kept watch over the observance of the Rule of St. Benedict, the Charter of Charity and definitions of the preceding Chapters." The collection of statutes published by Dom Martene informs us that there was no distinction of persons made.
		Cistercians of the seventeenth century, whose mitigation was approved by Alexander VII in 1666.
		Cistercian Congregation of Austria and Hungary was formed in 1859 by the monasteries of Austria which had escaped from the Revolution and submitted to the President General of the Order of Cîteaux.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03780c.htm (10223 words)

	No. 1311: The Cistercians
		The Cistercians were a strict branch of the Benedictine order who fled worldly commerce to live "remote from the habitation of man." Under St. Bernard, they achieved that life by setting up economic independence based on high technology.
		By the middle of the12th century the order rode the cutting edge of hydropower and agriculture.
		Cistercian monasteries were, in reality, the best-organized factories the world had ever seen -- versatile and diversified.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi1311.htm (469 words)

	The Military Ordert of Alcantara
		Too far from Calatrava, it was proposed that the Order of Saint Julian should be granted the town, with the Master of Saint Julian having a right to participate in the election of the Master of Calatrava to whom he would be subordinate.
		Unfortunately, like the other military orders, the knights of Alcántara were inevitably drawn into the civil wars between the Kings of Aragón, Castille, León and Navarre, despite the fact that they were in breach of their vows only to take up arms against the infidel.
		In 1411 the knights obtained permission from the anti-pope Benedict XIII to adopt an identical badge to that of the Order of Caltrava but in dark green; this has remained the badge of the Order; the cross may be suspended from a ribbon or sewn on the left breast.
	www.chivalricorders.org /orders/spanish/alcantar.htm (1173 words)

	Cistercian order - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Cistercian order (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ruins of Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire, one of the largest and best-known Cistercian monastic houses in England.
		The arrival of the Cistercian order in the 12th century, with its policy of settlement in waste land and creed of physical labour as holy work, had a great impact on the British landscape.
		Roman Catholic monastic order established at Cîteaux in 1098 by St Robert de Champagne, abbot of Molesmes, as a stricter form of the Benedictine order.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Cistercian%20order (201 words)

	Vocational Informationk
		The Cistercian Order was founded in France in the year 1098.
		Probably the Order’s most lasting contribution are the Cistercian spiritual writers, the most illustrious of whom is Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, Cistercian Abbot and Doctor of the Church.
		Cistercian monasteries of the Common Observance are world-wide and quite diverse in their apostolates.
	www.monksonline.org /vocationalinformation.html (2978 words)

	MONASTICISM
		In the order of Grammont the choir brothers complained that the lay brothers attempted to interfere in spiritual matters, such as the hours for masses, and when not heeded, cut off the supplies.
		The new orders founded from this time on were more for the purpose of service to others than to give an opportunity to the members to secure their own salvation by a life of retirement from the world, devoted to contemplation and prayer.
		This is evident from the statements of individual monks, and especially from the reforms repeatedly ordered by the chapters of the various orders.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Monast.html (4602 words)

	[No title]
		One of these early Cistercians, St Bernard, has indeed become so well known for his holiness, and his work for the Church of his time, that his fame tends to eclipse a whole litany of quite outstanding contemporaries of his in the Order.
		Fortunately in more recent years these men and their writings have been rediscovered and provide for the Cistercians of today, as well as for many others, a teaching on the Mysteries of Christ Jesus and his Mother Mary that is both rich and solid h content, and attractive in style.
		That the Cistercians should have reached Ireland in the early twelfth century, in St Bernard's own lifetime, will probably come as a surprise to many, and the story of how it came about is a delightful one.
	members.lycos.co.uk /jloughnan/farch1.htm (826 words)

	The Military Order of Calatrava
		Meanwhile the Cistercians themselves tried to reassert their authority over the Order, demanding successfully in 1187 that the Master of the knights only be elected with the approval of the Cistercian Abbot of Morimond, in Burgundy.
		The Order had some sixteen priories and fifty-six commanderies and from 1540 their vows were modified to parallel those of the other Orders, permitting them to marry, while in 1652 a fourth vow was added to defend and sustain the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception (as in Santiago).
		The badge of the Order is a red Greek cross with the letter M (for Mary) in ornate script as fleurs de lys, making the four arms; it is either worn sewn on the left breast or is represented as a gold red enameled cross hung from a red ribbon around the neck.
	www.chivalricorders.org /orders/spanish/calatrav.htm (2594 words)

	Cistercian Monks, Abbots and Abbeys in the Languedoc and Medieval France
		The Order of Cistercians (Latin Cistercienses) is an "enclosed" Roman Catholic order of monks.
		Cistercians represented a compromise between the Benedictine system, in which each abbey was autonomous and isolated, and the Cluniac system which was completely centralised with the abbot of Cluny the only superior in the whole organisation.
		Cistercian churches were often constructed away from centres of population, often in remote valleys near streams.
	www.languedoc-france.info /120502_cistercians.htm (2333 words)

	Who we are / Come and join us
		THE ABBEY OF THE PHILIPPINES is a monastery of the Cistercian Order that is located on the island of Guimaras, separated from the large city of Iloilo on Panay island, by a strait of the Sulu Sea.
		The primary role of Cistercian life is to seek union with God and to witness to His holiness and His desire for the salvation and sanctification of all persons and to unite all peoples in their adherence to Him through their faith in Christ and his Catholic Church.
		Cistercian monasticism is a form of Benedictine monastic life, being based on the Rule of St. Benedict as interpreted by the twelfth century monks at Citeaux, France.
	www.ourladyofnewhelfta.com /OLP/history.php (812 words)

	The Participation of Lay Faithful in the Cistercian Family
		The 1996 General Chapter of the Cistercian Order of the Strict Observance had mentioned in a vote that they should be involved in that celebration, and they were even mentioned in the letter that the Pope wrote to the Cistercian Family on that occasion.
		The early Cistercian communities, like all the monastic communities of the time, had a "familia", that is a small group of hired workers, distinct from the lay brothers, who were integrated into the community life.
		Therefore, the Cistercian vocation is never the vocation to a so-called "Cistercian spirit" it is the vocation to a local community or to the Cistercian spirit as it is embodied in the life of a local community.
	www.users.skynet.be /scourmont/Armand/wri/cist_laity-eng.html (1748 words)

	Open Directory - Society: Religion and Spirituality: Christianity: Denominations: Catholicism: Orders: Men's Orders: ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Abbey of Gethsemani - Trappist, Kentucky - An abbey of the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance founded in 1848 and known for the fruitcakes and cheese the monks produce.
		Holy Cross Abbey - Berryville, Virginia - A monastery of the Cistercian Order of the Strict Observance sheltered by the Blue Ridge Mountains in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.
		Joseph's Abbey - Spencer, Massachusetts - A monastery of the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance, which was founded in Nova Scotia in the 19th century, transferred to Rhode Island in 1900, and moved to Spencer, MA, in 1950.
	www.dmoz.org /Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Denominations/Catholicism/Orders/Men%27s_Orders/Benedictines/Trappists/Monasteries (1340 words)

	Insight Page on the Cistercian Order (one)
		It was a six page constitution which inter alia laid out the relationship between the Cistercian houses and their abbots, set out the obligations and duties inherent in these, and ensured the accountability of all the abbots and houses to the underlying themes of charity and living according to the rule of Benedict.
		Whilst nowadays one looks at Cistercian abbey sites with admiration for their "natural" beauty and proximity to water, it's worth remembering that when they were first colonised by the white monks they were mostly dank cold unwanted tracts of poor quality forest or undrained marshes.
		The lay brothers had separate dormitory and eating facilities, usually on the west side of the cloister (a small bit of which was also dedicated for their use as they were not allowed to mingle with the proper or "choir" monks in the large cloister).
	www.paradoxplace.com /Insights/Cistercians/Cistercians.htm (1647 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Order of Citeaux; Cistercians
		Previous attempts at reform in monasteries of the Order of Cluny had met with little success when Saint Robert with twenty companions, retired to Citeaux in 1098 to adopt a more severe regimen and restore the gravity and simplicity proper to monastic ceremonies.
		The order numbered 350 abbeys in 1152, of which 54 were in England where the first foundation had been made at Waverly, 1129.
		During the decline (1342-1790) the order was split by the dissensions of those who countenanced abuses and the reformers who rose to combat them.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd06131.htm (355 words)

	The Cistercian Order
		The Monks of Caldey Abbey belong to the Order of Reformed Cistercians, an offshoot of the Benedictine order, founded in 1098 by St Robert, Abbot of Molesme in France.
		He and his followers were concerned that the Benedictine order had become too worldly and so founded a new abbey at Citeaux (Cistercium), near Dijon, with the intention of restoring the original purity of the Rule of St Benedict.
		Cistercians are often referred to as Trappists, deriving from a particularly austere Cistercian Abbey at La Trappe in Normandy.
	www.caldey-island.co.uk /cistercian.htm (269 words)

	Saint Joseph's Abbey
		At first, the monastery was known simply as the "new monastery" but eventually took the name of the property, Cistercium or Cîteaux, which, in turn, gave rise to the name of the Cistercian Order itself.
		The description of the Order's history depends largely on the accounts of Lekai, The Cistercians and Bouton, Histoire as well as the more recent publication of the early texts of the Order in Waddell, Narrative and Legislative Texts.
		The Order continued to evolve throughout the centuries and is still, as it were, a work in progress.
	www.spencerabbey.org /cistercian.html (1035 words)

	Eberbach Monastery and the Cistercians
		The Eberbach Monastery was an abbey of the Cistercian Order
		In 1098 the Cistercians evolved as a reform movement of the Benedictine Order.
		The driving force for the new order was the intent to return to the observance of the original strict monastic rules of St. Benedict, who had a major influence on the lifestyle of Western monks.
	www.klostereberbach.de /html_english/7_history/cistercians.html (402 words)

	The Knights Templar \| The Cistercians \| www.templarhistory.com
		Like the Templars the Cistercian order was free of taxes and tithes and were expert at all manner of farming, industry and commerce.
		But as complex as their system of water and waste management was, the order was simple to the core when it came to ornamentation.
		So rich were the Cistercians that they gave a year's supply of wool as a means to finance the ransom of King Richard I, who was captive in Germany.
	www.templarhistory.com /cistercians.html (743 words)

	A Cistercian Synaxis
		It was felt to be a quite appropriate name for the meeting of Cistercian women and men that took place at the Abbey of Cîteaux from March 17 to 19, 1998, just before the celebration of the 9th centenary of the foundation of that abbey, on March 21st.
		The "Cistercian Synaxis" was a gathering of monks and nuns belonging to all the branches of the Cistercian family.
		In fact it is to the "Cistercian family", even without mentioning any Order or Congregation in particular, that Pope John Paul II addressed a letter on the occasion of the 9th centenary of the foundation of Cîteaux.
	users.skynet.be /bs775533/Armand/wri/synaxis_eng.htm (1570 words)

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