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Topic: Citizens Commissions of Inquiry

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	Truth Commissions Digital Collection: U.S. Institute of Peace
		The commission was established on December 29, 1990 to investigate crimes committed during the eight-year rule of Hissein Habre and was chaired by Chad’s chief prosecutor Mahamat Hassan Abakar.
		The commission’s report on "serious acts of violence" since 1980 entitled "From Madness to Hope: the 12-Year war in El Salvador: Report of the Commission on the Truth for El Salvador," was released on March 15, 1993 at the United Nations.
		The commission is mandated to produce a report on human rights violations since the beginning of the conflict in 1991 and issue recommendations to facilitate reconciliation and prevent a repetition of past violations.
	www.usip.org /library/truth.html (4150 words)

	[No title]
		The decision to set up a Commission is given to the Government which "shall define the matter which is to be the subject of the inquiry" (art.2), while for the appointment of chairman and members the law entrusts the President of the Supreme Court.
		Commissions of Inquiry are today part of the social and juridical custom of the country, and an efficient weapon in the hands of the individuals versus the power.
		In both the Commissions the President of the Supreme Court was the chairman; both the commissions presented conclusions which were accepted and the recommendations made operative by the Government (the Labor Party Government in the first case, and the Likud Party in the second).
	members.tripod.com /~CuomoE/commin2.html (1325 words)

	Truth Commissions
		As truth commissions have become more common and have gained more adherents, they have been argued to have alternative, inherent benefits of their own and should not be seen as simply a second best option to criminal prosecution.
		Truth commission advocates argue that calling perpetrators to account, even in a weaker venue like a truth commission, reveals the vulnerability of those once in power and knowing these acts have been firmly denounced is empowering to the general public.
		Truth commission experiences have certainly been compared, but if one is interested in trying to identify what impact the commission itself has had, it would seem important to include transitional societies that did not conduct truth commissions as well.
	www.beyondintractability.org /essay/truth_commissions/?nid=1380 (7549 words)

	Adalah: Historical Background
		In November 2000, the Israeli government, headed by then-Prime Minister Ehud Barak, announced the establishment of a three-member Commission of Inquiry ("the Commission"), in accordance with the Commissions of Inquiry Law (1968).
		The mandate of the Commission is to investigate the clashes between the security forces and Arab and Jewish citizens, which culminated in the death and injury of Israeli citizens starting from 29 September 2000.
		Along with the establishment of the Commission, the February 2001 direct election of MK Ariel Sharon as Prime Minister was another pivotal moment for the Palestinian minority.
	www.adalah.org /eng/backgroundhistory.php (1963 words)

	Columnists \| Yes, minister, you must use the Commissions of Inquiry
		Since commissions of inquiry are indeed necessary, we should not only have more of them but also expand their scope.
		By the time the inquiry ends and gives its recommendations, there would have been so many arguments and varying viewpoints that we would not remember what they were investigating in the first place.
		Commissions of Inquiry should not be used as diplomatic ways to divert public attention from issues.
	www.eastandard.net /hm_news/news.php?articleid=1143960267 (755 words)

	Global Teen \| Real Teens \| Real Issues \| Real Politics - The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1977) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		(2) Citizens of the USSR are obliged to observe the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws, comply with the standards of socialist conduct, and uphold the honor and dignity of Soviet citizenship.
		It is the duty of every citizen of the USSR to respect the national dignity of other citizens, and to strengthen friendship of the nations and nationalities of the multinational Soviet state.
		Citizens of the USSR are obliged to concern themselves with the upbringing of children, to train them for socially useful work, and to raise them as worthy members of socialist society.
	globalteen.net /library/constitutions/the_union_of_soviet_socialist_republics_(1977).html (10410 words)

	Royal Commissions Of Inquiry And Statutory Tribunals
		The proceedings of a Commission are not subject to the ordinary rules of evidence and judicial procedure.
		Commissions are unfettered by such rules because of the nature of the inquiries they are called upon to undertake and also because their decisions are not final.
		Commission proceedings should never be regarded as a substitute for judicial proceedings and as such should be resorted to in exceptional situations.
	www.ourcivilisation.com /cooray/rights/chap12.htm (1735 words)

	Toolbox: 23. War Crimes Tribunals/Truth Commissions
		Commissions of inquiry and truth commissions investigate and publish war crimes and genocide.
		Truth commissions require impartiality and good faith, independence from politics, adequate resources and information to ensure a full investigation, fast implementation, a specific and limited time frame of operation, and a mandate that includes the power to make recommendations for serious consideration.
		The Commission was in part established to "assist the transition to national reconciliation." All the military officers identified in the Commission’s report were retired from service within a short time after the Commission issued the report.
	www.caii.com /CAIIStaff/Dashboard_GIROAdminCAIIStaff/Dashboard_CAIIAdminDatabase/resources/ghai/toolbox23.htm (5406 words)

	The Sikh Times - News and Analysis - Inquiry Commissions Aren't Courts of Law
		One is an inquiry into the crimes in Gujarat in Feb. and Mar. 2002: the killing of 60 Indians on that train in Godhra and the massacre of a thousand or more Indians that followed throughout the state.
		That is, apart from what is common to every such inquiry in India: they meander along at taxpayer-paid glacial speeds, cope with deliberate delays, are forced to ask for repeated extensions, eventually produce reports that nobody reads and governments refuse to act on, and are then forgotten.
		The first inquiry connected with the 1984 massacre was when police officer Ved Marwah headed a committee to investigate the role of the police in the massacre.
	www.sikhtimes.com /news_010403a.html (1375 words)

	Organizing Veterans Through War Crimes Documentation, Tod Ensign
		We all felt that such commissions could be valuable in both organizing Vietnam veterans against the war and to advance the larger struggle to end the war.
		One of my first jobs, as the commission's only lawyer, was to investigate the legal implications of veterans publicly admitting to criminal acts which they had witnessed or participated in.
		For some, testifying before a citizens commission was the first political act of their lives.
	lists.village.virginia.edu /sixties/HTML_docs/Texts/Narrative/Ensign_War_Crimes.html (2511 words)

	SSRN-The European Democracy and the Parliamentary Commissions of Inquiry by Elisabeth Vallet
		This is why, among its control powers, the EP gained the right to form temporary commissions of inquiry to investigate alleged contraventions of Community law or alleged misadministration in the application of Community law.
		Parliamentary Committees of inquiry are usually part of the balance of powers and a key institution of the democratic regime: they indeed allow a real control of the power, which is itself always tempted by arbitrariness.
		Vallet, Elisabeth A., "The European Democracy and the Parliamentary Commissions of Inquiry".
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=620702 (596 words)

	"Wartime and Postwar Dutch Attitudes Toward the Jews: Myth and Truth" by Manfred Gerstenfeld
		In 1997 it instituted four commissions of inquiry to investigate the looting of Jewish property during the war and restitution afterwards.
		The Kordes Commission, which dealt with the LIRO bank, demonstrated in its final report an understanding of how cold the treatment of the remaining Jews by Dutch postwar governments had been, and recommended that payments now be made to the Jews for several wrongs.
		Most of the commission members are former board members of banks or insurance companies; thus they can hardly be considered impartial and fit to supervise an independent inquiry into institutions from which they have received money in the past.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/vp412.htm (4720 words)

	141 Citizens’ Aide
		The citizens’ aide/ombudsman may also inquire into an agency’s policy, practice or procedure if the citizens’ aide/ombudsman has reason to believe improvements can be made to the policy, practice or procedure which lessen the risk that objectionable administrative actions will occur.
		2C.18, the citizens’ aide/ombudsman shall by April 1 of each year submit an economically designed and reproduced annual report to the general assembly and to the governor concerning the activities and work performed during the preceding calendar year.
		2C.22, any person who willfully obstructs or hinders the lawful actions of the citizens’ aide/ombudsman or any member of the staff, or who willfully misleads or attempts to mislead the citizens’ aide/ombudsman or a member of the staff in the course of an inquiry or investigation, shall be guilty of a simple misdemeanor.
	www.legis.state.ia.us /ACO/IAChtml/141.htm (5799 words)

	ippr - Institute for Public Policy Research
		We appoint citizens at random to sit on juries.
		But the government, in keeping with the spirit of the inquiry, is remaining neutral on the issue.
		It is appropriate that ordinary people should make constitutional decisions - constitutions, after all, provide the terms on which citizens regulate the power of their representatives - and a British House of Citizens could have a special mandate to scrutinise constitutional matters.
	www.ippr.org.uk /articles/index.asp?id=1467 (663 words)

	The Commissions of Inquiry
		This act (who took the place of the old and insufficient Special Commission Act 1888) established for the first time indipendent, and free from politics, commissions, whose members are not part of the political establishment, and who are enpowered by judicial powers.
		A special Royal Commission on Tribunals, pointed out, in 1966, that the custom of appointing judges, as members of the Tribunal, should be linked to a legislative provision, as well as the statement that the Chairman have to be a person of high reputation and prestige.
		Barile underscores also that the basic decision whether a Committee of Inquiry should be set up or not, can never be taken by a minority votation, which should actually be the mostly interested in the creation, and whose interest should the Committee protect.
	members.tripod.com /~CuomoE/commin.html (1551 words)

	Office of the Commissioners of Inquiry for Environment and Planning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Commission of Inquiry reports are openly available to the public under NSW planning legislation.
		To undertake Inquiries commissioned by the Minister for Planning consistent with legislative requirements, public participation objectives and the principles of natural justice and fairness.
		To ensure Inquiries are commenced, conducted and reported in a minimum time while having proper regard to the issues.
	www.coi.nsw.gov.au (261 words)

	Mayors demand phone inquiry - The Boston Globe
		Four Massachusetts mayors are filing a complaint with the state department that oversees telecommunications companies, part of a national campaign by the American Civil Liberties Union to demand information on whether the nation's largest security agency has gained access to private phone records.
		As part of its campaign, the ACLU is urging citizens to support the group's formal demand to the FCC, asking regulators to punish phone companies that are illegally turning over records.
		``Massachusetts has historically been a place where citizens have been willing to stand up to abuses of power and to demand that the rule of law be followed," she said.
	www.boston.com /news/local/articles/2006/05/25/mayors_demand_phone_inquiry (808 words)

	Irwin Cotler
		A noted peace activist, he has been a leader in the movement for arms control, and helped develop “Peace Law” as an area of both academic inquiry and legal advocacy; as well, Irwin Cotler has been engaged – both as scholar and participant observer – in the search for peace in the Middle East.
		He is the only Canadian elected to the Paris-based Académie universelle des cultures (1993), and the first recipient of the Justice Walter Tarnopolsky Memorial Medal awarded jointly by the Canadian Bar Association, the Canadian Judges Association, the Canadian Association of Law Teachers, and the International Commission of Jurists (1994).
		In September 1999, Irwin Cotler became the first academic ever to receive The Medal of the Bar of Montreal in recognition of his “outstanding contribution to the cause of justice”; more recently, became the first recipient of the Martin Luther King Jr.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/cotler.html (638 words)

	Azerbaijan Election Watch
		About nine thousand commission members with deliberative votes and observers of the Musavat Party took part in the elections to the Parliament of the Republic of Azerbaijan, which was held on November 5.
		According to the joint inquiry held by the Influential "Turan" News Agency and the "Adam" sociological inquiry centre on the day of election in front of the polling stations the Musavat Party has left the New Azerbaijan Party behind.
		The process of entry of election records to the County Election Commissions from the polling stations has been stopped, false records have been compiled with the participation of the representatives of the executive power.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/election/azerbaijan/aew110600.shtml (750 words)

	John Forbes Kerry Timeline
		Many at Yale had noticed that Kerry, already on his way to becoming a commissioned officer in Vietnam, was critical of the war and the use of American military might against communist regimes.
		CCI co-sponsored its first “commissions of inquiry” in Toronto and Annapolis MD, and began providing accounts of war crimes to the press.
		Jane Fonda made her infamous visit to Hanoi, where she made numerous radio broadcasts to American and South Vietnamese military personnel encouraging mutiny and desertion, while repeatedly claiming that the United States is committing war crimes in Vietnam.
	www.archive-news.net /Kerry/JK_timeline.html (9840 words)

	CBC News Indepth: Canadian Government
		Parliament passed an Inquiries Act in 1868, a similar act was passed in 1880, then in 1912 the two acts were combined into the Inquiries Act in use today.
		The second most expensive commission, and the second longest, was the one into reproductive technologies, which met from October 1989 to November 1993 and cost $30 million.
		Also the Massey Commission on the Arts that laid down the foundations of our cultural policy, the Royal Commission on the Status of Women that set standards for sexual equality, and the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism that redefined Confederation as an equal partnership between English and French.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/cdngovernment/inquiries.html (973 words)

	FindLaw's Writ - Mariner: The Military Commissions Act of 2006 A Short Primer
		And note, in assessing the provision's scope, that the definition of "unlawful enemy combatant" is not limited to aliens (even though U.S. citizens cannot be tried by military commissions, and are not covered by the bill's habeas-stripping provisions).
		As the text of the bill explains, the military commissions that it authorizes are regularly constituted courts, "affording all the necessary 'judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples' for purposes of common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions." That is, if saying so is enough to make it so.
		Military commissions consist of at least five commissioned military officers, and are presided over by a military judge.
	writ.news.findlaw.com /mariner/20061009.html (1938 words)

	1984 Delhi Massacre: Justice Denied
		The plight of the commissions is as deplorable as that of survivors of the riots.
		An interim report was not made mandatory; the Commission was asked to make a decision as and when it deemed it fit.
		ost people, who have been deposing before the commission, admit they are doing so only out of a sense of duty to their family members who died in the riots.
	www.sikhspectrum.com /022005/justice_nk.htm (1029 words)

	November 2006
		The recent Military Commissions Act of 2006 is an absolute abomination being perpetrated, not only upon America, but also upon the world, by an evil government, for evil and sinister purposes.
		One example of this is the recent "Military Commissions Act of 2006", which is an absolutely blatant affront to the Constitution, to the People of this Nation, to the principles upon which America theoretically stands and to the world.
		The fraud that America is, now is being recognized by the vast majority of American Citizens, who are apparently awakening from their imposed slumber and slavery perpetrated upon them by this evil government, which you serve and by whom you are handsomely paid for your silence and your complicity.
	www.citizensoftheamericanconstitution.org /november_2006_Newsletter1-2.htm (2319 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: John Kerry's Trail of Treachery by WinterSoldier.com
		February, 1970 -- CCI co-sponsors its first "commissions of inquiry" in Toronto and Annapolis MD, and begins providing accounts of war crimes to the press.
		The CCI turns to planning a National Veterans Inquiry in Washington, D.C. in early December.
		Fonda then flies to London where according to the book "Citizen Jane" she alleges American atrocities that include "applying electrodes to prisoners' genitals, mass rapes, slicing off of body parts, scalping, skinning alive, and leaving 'heat tablets' around which burned the insides of children who ate them.'"
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=12920 (2721 words)

	A long and winding road to get an inquiry result - Letters - Opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Doing anything, which might have cost tens of millions of dollars, is thereby avoided by the simple expedient of holding a commission for probably less than 1 per cent of the cost of the solution to a problem that didn't need solving and which probably wouldn't have worked anyway.
		Before this inquiry, chaired by Gary Nairn, MP, the NSW Government showed no inclination to develop or fund bushfire management plans in national parks, where many of the fires originated.
		After the findings of the inquiry were released, a new-found sense of responsibility and urgency seemed to come over the State Government.
	www.smh.com.au /news/letters/a-long-and-winding-road-to-get-an-inquiry-result/2005/06/20/1119250924749.html (2394 words)

	Human Rights Watch: United States: Immigration/Treatment of Non-Citizens
		Under legislation approved ten years ago, non-citizen residents of the U.S. who commit certain categories of crimes are deported after they serve whatever sentence the courts impose for their offenses.
		Thousands of U.S. citizens and their foreign same-sex partners face enormous hardships, separation and even exile because discriminatory U.S. immigration policies deprive these couples of the basic right to be together, Human Rights Watch and Immigration Equality said in a report released today.
		Senators are urged to consider his troubling record on the misuse of immigration laws and the material witness statute, and to conduct a full inquiry into recent reports that Mr.
	www.hrw.org /doc/?t=usa_noncitizens (1224 words)

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