
	Where results make sense

Topic: Citric acid cycle

Related Topics

Krebs cycle

Acid

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Ketoglutaric acid

Oxidative phosphorylation

Citric acid

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Carboxylic acid

Succinic acid

Glycolysis

Metabolic pathway

Cellular respiration

Ketone bodies

Calvin cycle

Citrate

	Citric Acid Cycle Reactions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Acetyl CoA, whether from glycolysis or the fatty acid spiral, is the initiator of the citric acid cycle.
		The reactions for the citric acid cycle are shown in the graphic on the left.
		This reaction is catalyzed by citric acid synthetase.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/611citricrx.html (946 words)

	Citric Acid Cycle
		Citric acid goes through a number of steps (shown as the circle in the center of this diagram) and then recombines with acetyl CoA to make more citric acid which goes through the same cycle of steps again.
		After you've looked at the citric acid cycle, which is also known as the TCA cycle and the Krebs cycle, as it is represented in different sources, select the one that presents you with the clearest presentation of what happens at each step.
		That citric acid molecule undergoes quite a number of changes and those changes involve giving off carbon dioxide at two points and giving off pairs of hydrogen atoms with electrons at four points.
	dl.clackamas.cc.or.us /ch106-06/citric.htm (1525 words)

	BIOCHEMISTRY I - CITRIC ACID CYCLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The cycle was elucidated by Hans Krebbs in 1937.
		The citric acid cycle is the final, common pathway for the oxidation of fuel molecules such as amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates.
		Citric acid cycle reactions occur in the mitochondrial matrix and on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~ggray/CHE3364/b1c20out.html (1154 words)

	SparkNotes: The Citric Acid Cycle: Terms
		Acontinase - The citric acid cycle enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction that converts citric acid to isocitrate with the release of water.
		Fumarase - The citric acid cycle enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction that converts fumarate to L-malate with the release of water.
		Over the course of a series of reactions, the citric acid is broken back down into two CO molecules and oxaloacetate, allowing for the cycle to being again while producing ATP and a number of coenzymes.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/cellrespiration/citricacidcycle/terms.html (775 words)

	citric acid cycle
		An important energy-generating metabolic pathway, also called the Kreb's cycle, which occurs inside mitochondria and is capable of producing enough ATP to run all the cell functions.
		The cycle begins with a glucose molecule, which during the process of glycolysis is stripped of some of its hydrogen atoms, transforming the glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
		All in all, the Kreb's cycle is capable of generating from 24 to 28 ATP molecules from one molecule of glucose converted to pyruvate.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/citric_acid_cycle.html (328 words)

	Citric Acid Cycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Citric Acid Cycle Intermediates: Chime images of the reactions in the pathway.
		Citric Acid Cycle Summary Class handout on the reactions in the pathway.
		The enzymes that participate in the citric acid cycle are found in the mitochondrial matrix.
	www.nitorig.net /lec32.html (510 words)

	Citric acid cycle intermediates as ligands for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors : Nature
		Citric acid cycle intermediates as ligands for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors
		The intermediates of the citric acid cycle are present at micromolar concentration in blood and are regulated by respiration, metabolism and renal reabsorption/extrusion.
		The finding that intermediates in the citric acid cycle are GPCR ligands should facilitate the understanding of molecular links of the citric acid cycle to metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetes, and the design of novel drugs with GPR91 and GPR99 as molecular targets.
	www.nature.com /uidfinder/10.1038/nature02488 (3597 words)

	title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Pyruvic acid from glycolysis (after its conversion to acetic acid and its combination with vitamin B5 to form Acetyl-CoEnzyme A) is used to activate and speed up the citric acid cycle.
		Citric acid is synthesized using Oxaloacetic acid and acetic acid.
		Oxaloacetic acid is converted to Citric acid, this a repetition of step 1, so the cycle starts again.
	my.cybersoup.com /biochemistry/citriccycle.html (356 words)

	Citric Acid Cycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The citric acid cycle (CAC) is also known as the Krebs cycle.
		The citric acid cycle begins with the 6-carbon citric acid which is regenerated each cycle by combining acetyl CoA (2-carbon) with oxaloacetate (4-carbon).
		The citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of mitochondria
	home.earthlink.net /~dayvdanls/CR_CAC.htm (149 words)

	Citric Acid Cycle
		That energy is extracted and the organic acids are broken down and released as CO through the citric acid acid cycle.
		glycolysis occurs in the cytosol, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
		citric acid is converted to isocitrate; which is oxidized in a decarboxylation reaction-producing alpha-ketoglutarate (5 C) and CO and reducing NAD
	www.esf.edu /efb/course/EFB325/lectures/citricacid.htm (1068 words)

	Citric acid cycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The sum of all reactions in the citric acid cycle is:
		The citric acid cycle begins with the oxidation of pyruvate produced during glycolysis.
		At the end of each cycle, the four-carbon oxaloacetate has been regenerated, and the cycle continues.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Citric_acid_cycle (946 words)

	CHE 415 - General Biochemistry I - Lecture 21, Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		9) The initiating reaction of the Citric Acid Cycle is the condensation of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA by the enzyme citrate synthase to form citric acid, with citryl CoA as an enzyme-bound intermediate.
		10) Citrate is isomerized as the next step in the Citric Acid Cycle to form isocitrate; the isomerization involves moving the hydroxyl from the center carbon atom to one of the adjacent methylene groups, through a dehydrated intermediate called cis-aconitate.
		This is the first removal of CO from the substrate within the Citric Acid Cycle, and the second overall (the first being the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase).
	people.uis.edu /efish1/Che415/Lectur21/lectur21.htm (1975 words)

	Citric Acid Cycle Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The diagram at the left puts the citric acid cycle into perspective as the most important part of metabolism.
		As the cycle proceeds, 2 carbons are converted into two CO molecules at steps 5 and 6.
		In the citric acid cycle, there is only one reaction which indirectly produces an ATP and this is at step 7.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/612citricsum.html (485 words)

	BioCarta - Charting Pathways of Life
		The Krebs cycle, also called the citric acid cycle, is a fundamental metabolic pathway involving eight enzymes essential for energy production through aerobic respiration, and, like glycolysis, arose early in evolution.
		One source of the acetyl-CoA that enters the Krebs cycle is the conversion of pyruvate from glycolysis to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase.
		As the cycle proceeds, the Krebs cycle intermediates are oxidized, transferring their energy to create reduced NADH and FADH2.
	www.biocarta.com /pathfiles/krebPathway.asp (466 words)

	citric acid cycle
		Krebs identified the citric acid cycle in 1937 by noting that small quantities of organic acids such as succinate, malate or citrate stimulated oxygen uptake by minced pigeon breast muscle.
		The Krebs cycle enzymes are soluble proteins located in the mitochondrial matrix space, except for succinate dehydrogenase, which is an integral membrane protein that is firmly attached to the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it communicates directly with components in the respiratory chain.
		Krebs cycle intermediate concentrations depend on the activity of ancillary enzymes, which add material to the cycle from amino acid or carbohydrate sources, or alternatively remove intermediates for use in biosynthetic reactions.
	www.bmb.leeds.ac.uk /illingworth/metabol/krebs.htm (1238 words)

	The Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle
		The overall reaction for the citric acid cycle is:
		In addition to their roles in generating ATP, the citric acid cycle also plays an important role in the flow of carbon through the cell by supplying precursor metabolites (def) for various biosynthetic pathways (see Fig.
		The citric acid cycle begins when Coenzyme A transfers its 2-carbon acetyl group to the 4-carbon compound oxaloacetate to form the 6-carbon molecule citrate (see Fig.
	student.ccbcmd.edu /~gkaiser/biotutorials/cellresp/cac.html (388 words)

	Citric Acid Cycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		AKA the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle or the Krebs Cycle.
		The Citric Acid Cycle is one of 3 stages of cellular respiration.
		Each turn of the cycle oxidizes 1 pyruvate, so it takes 2 turns to completely oxidize 1 glucose.
	people.unt.edu /~hds0006/tca/index.htm (126 words)

	The chemical logic behind... the citric acid cycle
		In the first reaction of the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA attacks oxaloacetate, yielding citrate, in an aldol addition.
		Its hydrolysis will be the only step in the citric acid cycle where direct production of ATP (or equivalent) occurs.
		Succinate is first oxidized to fumarate, by the succinate dehydrogenase complex (also known as complex II), which is present in the amtrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
	www2.ufp.pt /~pedros/bq/tca.htm (409 words)

	Aerobic Metabolism I: Citric Acid Cycle and Electron Transport
		The citric acid cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that eventually completely oxidize organic substrates, such as glucose and fatty acids, to form CO O, and the reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH
		In addition to its role in energy generation, the citric acid cycle also plays an important role in several biosynthetic processes, such as gluconeogenesis, amino acid synthesis, and porphyrin synthesis.
		The glyoxylate cycle, found in plants and some fungi, algae, protozoans, and bacteria, is a modified version of the citric acid cycle in which two-carbon molecules, such as acetate, are converted to precursors of glucose.
	highered.mcgraw-hill.com /sites/007231592x/student_view0/chapter9 (406 words)

	Cycle Tour 2007
		The only opportunities left for South Africans to still participate on 11 March ‘07 – will be to purchase either a Corporate Bond or to enter via the Substitutions process.
		The Cycle Tour is a 109km cycling expedition around some of the most beautiful scenery the world has to offer.
		It is with great pride that we will host the 30th Cape Argus Pick 'n Pay Cycle Tour in 2007 with the continued loyal support of all the cyclists and our sponsors and partners.
	www.cycletour.co.za (321 words)

	Botany online: Basic Metabolism - Glycolysis - Citric Acid Cycle
		It accounts for the major portion of carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation and produces at the same time a number of biosynthetic precursors.
		Acetyl-CoA (activated acetic acid) is on one hand the starting compound of the fatty acid synthesis and on the other hand can the activated acetic acid be coupled to oxaloacetate.
		This coupling is the first reaction of the citric acid cycle.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e19/19c.htm (964 words)

	Krebs cycle — FactMonster.com
		Krebs cycle, series of chemical reactions carried out in the living cell; in most higher animals, including humans, it is essential for the oxidative
		The name citric acid cycle is derived from the first product generated by the sequence of conversions, i.e.,
		and in the algae, the citric acid cycle is modified to a form called the glyoxylate cycle, so named because of the prominent intermediate, glyoxylic acid.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0828225.html (453 words)

	Citric Acid Cycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The oxidation of glucose continues in the Krebs cycle.
		The 2-carbon fragment of acetyl CoA attaches to the 4-carbon molecule oxaloacetate in the first reaction of the cycle.
		The yeild from the citric acid cycle (per turn).
	members.tripod.com /~nymets270/krebs.html (239 words)

	PDBs for Biochemistry: The Krebs Cycle
		The citric acid cycle is also called the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the Krebs cycle.
		Two carbons enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA and two carbons leave as CO In the course of the cycle, four oxidation-reduction reactions take place to yield reduction potential in the form of three molecules of NADH and one molecule of FADH
		The Protein Data Bank, maintained by the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics is an archival database of the three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates.
	chemistry.gsu.edu /glactone/PDB/Proteins/Krebs/Krebs.html (322 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)