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Topic: Citrus aurantium

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Citrus

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	Citrus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Citrus is a common term and genus of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, originating in tropical and subtropical southeast Asia.
		Citrus is sometimes used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Common Emerald, Double-striped Pug, Giant Leopard Moth, Hypercompe eridanus, Hypercompe icasia and Hypercompe indecisa.
		Citrus trees grown in tubs and wintered under cover were a feature of Renaissance gardens, once glass-making technology enabled sufficient expanses of clear glass to be produced.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Citrus (788 words)

	Citrus aurantium L. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The study of use of medicinal plants by 802 ambulatory patients in Puerto Rico revealed that Citrus aurantium was used as a sedative by 39% of patients and for gastrointestinal disorders by 17%.
		The accumulation of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) which caused death of millions of trees grafted on sour orange in a progeny derived from the cross between Citrus aurantium and Poncirus trifoliata, both resistant to CTV isolate T-346 was genetically analyzed by quantitative trait loci.
		The genetic analysis of virus-plant interaction in the family derived from Citrus aurantium after a citrus tristeza virus chronic infection showed the segregation of five types of interaction, which is not compatible with the hypothesis of a single gene controlling resistance.
	www.herbmed.org /Herbs/Herb178.htm (2696 words)

	Bitter orange - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The bitter orange, refers to a citrus tree (Citrus aurantium) and its fruit.
		Many varieties of bitter oranges are used for their essential oil, which is used in perfume and as a flavoring.
		It is used as grafting stock for citrus trees, in marmalade, and in the liqueurs triple sec and curaçao.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bitter_orange (248 words)

	PermaSlim is a mild fat burner with Citrus Aurantium, Green tea extract and vitamin B12
		Citrus Aurantium, a mild fat burning formula, Vitamin B6 and B12, along with Green Tea extract are combined in a proprietary synergistic blend to enhance your body's ability to achieve and maintain optimal health.
		Thus though citrus alkaloids appear to be at least as thermogenic as the Ephedrine alkaloids, they are clearly gentler than the latter and do not cause the minor side effects associated with use of Ma huang (nervousness, agitation, palpitations, increases in blood pressure).
		By contrast, research shows that the amines found in Citrus Aurantium extract make minimal contact with the α and ß-1 and ß-2 receptors, but exert their adrenergic effects by acting exclusively on ß-3 receptors to stimulate lipolysis and increase resting metabolic rate.
	www.souzaoenterprises.com /Perma.html (1821 words)

	Synephrine: Is chih-shih (zhishih) toxic? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A wide variety of citrus materials containing synephrine are used in Chinese medicine and have generally been regarded as non-toxic; indeed, synephrine is used as a marker for chemical identification and relatively high synephrine content is a measure of herb quality.
		Citrus species, such as chenpi, zhishi, zhiqiao, and qingpi, are typically prescribed by Chinese physicians in the amount of 3-9 grams per day, which is a dosage range similar to that for ma-huang.
		On the other hand, using the citrus substances in traditional Chinese herbal medicine, or their similar use in European herbal medicine (Citrus aurantium is mentioned in the German Commission E reports), should not be discouraged by these results.
	www.itmonline.org /arts/syneph.htm (3650 words)

	Orange
		Up to that era, citrus fruits were valued by Europeans mainly for medicinal purposes, but the orange was quickly adopted as a luscious fruit and wealthy persons grew it in private conservatories, called orangeries.
		Citrus red mites (purple mites) and Texas citrus mites, common in summer, disfigure the surface of the fruit and the foliage mainly in the winter and during droughts.
		Citrus quarantine laws are very strict with a view to preventing the introduction and spread of pests and diseases, and failure to comply with these laws can have disastrous consequences.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/morton/orange.html (7762 words)

	Citrus Aurantium (Advantra Z) Fat Burner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Synephrine is the main "active" compound found in the fruit of a plant called Citrus aurantium, marketed under the brand name Advantra Z. The fruit is also known as zhi shi (in traditional Chinese medicine), and as green orange, sour orange and bitter orange in other parts of the world.
		As it stands now, citrus aurantium extract exists as one of the most exciting things to come along in the weight loss field in a very long time.
		Citrus aurantium can be found in many Cortisol Blockers like CortiSlim or Cortisyn.
	www.hcamax.com /html/citrus_aurantium__advantra_z__.html (450 words)

	Citrus aurantium - Supplements
		The effects of synephrine alone or in combination with other ingredients such as kola nut and guarana (both are caffeine sources) or with salicylates such as white willow (a natural form of aspirin) generally fall into the category of acting as a mild stimulant.
		Until more studies are conducted on the safety, pharmacology and efficacy of citrus aurantium as a thermogenic supplement, it should be treated as an ingredient with mild stimulant properties and should be avoided by individuals with cardiovascular concerns such as hypertension.
		The effects of Citrus aurantium and its active ingredient N-methyltyramine on the cardiovascular receptors.
	www.supplementwatch.com /supatoz/supplement.asp?supplementId=87 (819 words)

	Citrus aurantium : by Ray Sahelian, M.D., citrus aurantium benefits citrus aurantium for weight loss
		CITRUS AURANTIUM extract by Ray Sahelian, M.D. Citrus aurantium is commonly referred to as bitter orange.
		Citrus Aurantium Summary by Ray Sahelian, M.D. At this point, the safety of citrus aurantium is still being evaluated, and although it appears to be safer than ephedra, it still carries risks in high doses.
		Citrus aurantium, an agent containing beta agonists, has been reported to aid in weight loss in two studies and increase thermogenesis, at least to some extent, in three studies.
	www.raysahelian.com /citrusaurantium.html (1563 words)

	Supplements A to Z - Real Muscle Building and Fitness SOLUTIONS
		Because Citrus aurantium or, more specifically, its most active ingredient, synephrine, is a stimulant, similar to caffeine and ephedra, research suggests it may have similar effects in terms of providing an energy boost, suppressing appetite, and increasing metabolic rate and calorie expenditure.
		The effects of Citrus aurantium in combination with other ingredients, such as kola nut and guarana (which are caffeine sources) or HCA may improve its actions as a mild stimulant.
		Citrus aurantium and ephedra are considered chemical cousins, but their effects on the body are quite different.
	www.realsolutionsmag.com /supplements/supplements.aspx?nid=146 (1057 words)

	Citrus Aurantium vs. Ephedra
		These speculations, which seem to be based on the assumption that the alkaloids in Citrus aurantium extract behave identically to those found in Ephedra, are pertinently unfounded and untrue.
		The alkaloids from Citrus species are biologically and physiologically distinct from those found in Ephedra, and possess properties that are not shared with the Ephedra alkaloids.
		Consequently, the Citrus alkaloids have no effects on the central nervous system (CNS; in lay language, they do not give a "buzz") and since the CNS actions of the Ephedra alkaloids are responsible for at least some of the reported Ephedra side effects, the Citrus alkaloids are entirely incapable of causing similar side effects.
	www.numed.biz /site/525252/page/170246 (856 words)

	Citrus (Orange, Lemon, Lime, Grapefruit, Naartjie genus)
		The genus Citrus is native to southeast Asia, occurring from northern India to China and south through Malaysia, the East Indies and the Philippines.
		Citrus fruits are high in vitamin C, flavonoids, acids and volatile oils.
		Many citrus species and varieties are not cultivated for producing fresh edible fruit but are sour and used for other purposes: oil is extracted from freshly open flowers (e.g.
	www.museums.org.za /bio/plants/rutaceae/citrus.htm (1031 words)

	Citrus Aurantium Extract for weight lose (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Citrus aurantium L, belonging to the family Rutaceae, is widely distributed in China.
		Synepherine is the main active compound found in the fruit of Citrus aurantium, which is effective in providing the energy boost (caloric expenditure), aiding the expulsion of wind, warming the stomach, improving the appetite, and increasing metabolic rate.
		Citrus aurantium is theorized to stimulate fat metabolism without the negative cardiovascular side effects experienced by some people using Ma Huang.
	www.vorras.net /chemicals/?read=4596 (679 words)

	Lean System 7 Review - iSatori Lean System 7 Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Citrus aurantium has a rare combination of 5 amines: synephrine, N-methyltyramine, hordenine, octopamine, and tyramine, which "stimulates beta-3 cell receptors" that could lead to increase in your metabolic rate without affecting heart rate or blood pressure.
		I should point out that the biggest benefit of Citrus aurantium is that several compound found in Citrus aurantium are structurally similar to ephedrine and act as stimulants, but these do not appear to have the same negative side effects of ephedrine.
		Citrus aurantium is very much hyped, alot of how it works are still theories and speculation, and lacks thorough scientific research.
	www.xenadrine-stacker-hydroxycut-review.com /fat-burners-diet-pills/lean-system-7-review.htm (692 words)

	Citrus Aurantium
		Studies show that Citrus Aurantium may be as effective as Ma Huang, but without the side effects.
		Citrus Aurantium is the first compound that is nearly as effective as Ma Huang, but with reduced potential negative side effects to the cardiovascular and central nervous system.
		The amines (nitrogen-containing compounds) in Citrus Aurantium are not as lipophilic (fat-soluble) as those in Ma Huang, so do not readily cross the blood-barrier.
	www.cortisyn.com /html/citrus_aurantium.html (367 words)

	Nutritional Supplement Facts for Citrus Aurantium
		Citrus aurantium appears to work by way of its active compound called synephrine, which is a bit like ephedra (a caffeine-like chemical found in a lot of weight loss and performance products).
		Citrus aurantium is often included in formulas with kola nut and guarana (which are caffeine sources) to synergistically assist in thermogenesis.
		Citrus aurantium is sometimes combined with Garcinia cambogia (HCA) to increase thermogenic effects.
	www.nutros.com /nsr-0202v.html (1523 words)

	Bitter Orange, advantra z, citrus aurantium, zhi shi extract, alternative to ephedra, synephrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		While foods and medicinal herbs derived from Citrus species have been used, and continue to be used, for a variety of food purposes and for their health benefits, they have not previously been identified as herbs or plants which have value in the treatment of weight problems or for improving physical performance and fitness.
		The main adrenergic amines (alkaloids) of the citrus extract, Advantra Z®, are synephrine and N-methyltyramine, which act almost wholly indirectly and are active by mouth.
		The better tolerance of the Citrus alkaloids is thought to be because they do not pass so readily into the brain, and may target fat cells rather more specifically.
	www.exercisedrops.com /bitter_orange.htm (1244 words)

	Citrus Aurantium
		I principi attivi contenuti nell’estratto di Citrus aurantium frutto immaturo (in particolare la sinefrina) mostrano una ATTIVITA’ TERMOGENICA SELETTIVA e sono inoltre capaci di migliorare la performance psico-fisica e migliorare il rapporto fra massa magra e massa grassa.
		L’apporto massimo di sinefrina non deve superare i 30 mg/die, corrispondenti a circa 800 mg di citrus aurantium titolato al 4% in sinefrina
		In corrispondenza di precisi stadi di maturazione il frutto del Citrus aurantium contiene una combinazione di amine andrenergiche (sinefrina, N-metilsinefrina, hordenina, octopamina e tiramina) che aumenta l'attività metabolica, aumentando la b-ossidazione dei grassi.
	www.caigua.it /aurantium.htm (568 words)

	Citrus Aurantium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Citrus Aurantium, a fruit commonly known as bitter orange, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat chest congestion and indigestion, stimulate gastrointestinal function and improve circulation and liver function.
		Citrus Aurantium is widely used for stimulating the breakdown of fat, by causing the release of noradrenaline (a stress hormone) at beta-3 receptor sites creating chemical reactions that increase fat breakdown.
		Beta-3 receptors in the body increase the rate at which fat is released from the body stores (lipolysis) and increase resting metabolic rate (thermogenesis) Physical activity will increase this thermogenic effect and further enhance the thermogenic effect of Citrus Aurantium towards healthyand permanent weight loss.
	www.globalnutrients.net /herbal_powders_index_CitrusAurantium.htm (122 words)

	Citrus Aurantium Synephrine Effects
		The key to Citrus Aurantium's Synephrine effectiveness is its ability to stimulate Beta-3 receptors without negatively affecting Alpha-1, Alpha-2 and Beta-2 receptors.
		The unique composition of adrenergic amines in Citrus Aurantium causes the release of adrenaline and nonadrenaline - most likely in the vicinity of Beta-3 receptors sites, which are found primarily in adipose tissue and the liver.
		The alkaloids in Citrus Aurantium appear to be gentler and as thermogenic than those in Ma Huang.
	www.cortisyn.com /html/citrus_aurantium_synephrine_ef.html (414 words)

	Citrus Aurantium is a safe thermogenic product
		Zhi shi is the immature dried fruit of Citrus Aurantium, commonly referred to as bitter orange.
		The citrus fruit extract contains a family of organic compounds that promotes the use of energy substrates, stimulates metabolic processes, increases the solubility of fats, and can act as a mild appetite suppressant.
		It is believed that the absence of these side effects and the mild nature of Citrus Aurantium alkaloids result because they do not readily pass into the brain and because they may more specifically target fat cells.
	www.souzaoenterprises.com /CitrusAurantium.html (800 words)

	Citrus Aurantium, Herbal Weight Loss Ingredient, Ephedra Substitute, May Have Risks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		People taking “ephedra-free” weight loss products that contain the herb Citrus aurantium, or Seville orange, may be doing more harm to their body than good, according to a new review published by Georgetown University Medical Center researchers.
		“C. aurantium has many of the same potential deleterious cardiovascular effects as ephedra, and it also potentially affects the metabolism of other drugs,” said Adam Myers, PhD, professor of physiology and co-author of the review.
		As part of the Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Master’s Program they help guide at Georgetown, Myers, Fugh-Berman, and their colleagues are focused on training scientists to address the research gaps in CAM, educating health care practicioners on the benefits and risks of CAM, and promoting critical, interdisciplinary thinking.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=12590 (658 words)

	'No proof' of potential citrus aurantium dangers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A review article suggested earlier this week that the use of citrus aurantium, or seville orange, as a substitute to ephedra may do more harm than good to help people lose weight, but voices in the supplements industry suggest these assertions are unfounded.
		When epehdra was around citrus aurantium wasn't very popular because it wasn't as strong as ephedra, but after the ban on this supplement we saw a 100 percent increase in sales of seville orange products,” he said.
		The Canadian Intellectual Property Office granted a patent for citrus aurantium to be used for the regulation of appetite, body weight and athletic function.
	www.nutraingredients-usa.com /news/news-NG.asp?id=54469 (654 words)

	New diet pill -- new health risks
		Citrus aurantium is an alpha-agonist, which means it has effects on blood vessels.
		Synephrine, the active ingredient in citrus aurantium, is chemically similar to a drug used in nasal decongestants and also to treat dangerously low blood pressure in people with shock.
		Citrus aurantium shouldn't have effects on the heart, yet studies have shown arrhythmias in rats, which suggests there may be other components in the plant that also have as yet unknown effects on the human body.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2002/07/21/MN166169.DTL (982 words)

	Aromalves : L’analyse des Triangles : {Citrus Aurantium} (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Citrus Aurantium peut donc être représenté comme la femme mûre, expériementée, équilibrée.
		Citrus Aurantium sait faire la part des choses : ne pas exiger l’impossible, rester dans le domaine du concret, et ne pas se laisser aller à des émotions par trop violentes.
		Citrus Aurantium n’est pas du genre à se laisser aller, ou à glisser dans la dépression noire.
	www.aromalves.com /article.php3?id_article=76 (711 words)

	Citrus Aurantium (Synephrine) Lawsuit Overview - Find Trial Lawyers and Attorneys with Experience in Citrus Aurantium ...
		Citrus Aurantium, also known as synephrine, is a herbal stimulant similar to ephedra.
		Citrus Aurantium extract comes from a fruit and is also known as green orange, sour orange, and bitter orange.
		A September 2004 report published in Experimental Biology and Medicine says citrus aurantium may cause adverse health effects and is not an effective weight loss aid.
	www.injuryboard.com /view.cfm/Topic=1230 (404 words)

	Welcome to The Supplement Research Foundation
		Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange or zhi shi) is an herb that contains the active ingredient synephrine (it also contains other potent compounds like octopamine and tyramine).
		There is definitely more research on ephedrine and caffeine combinations for fat loss but one good study published in the Current Therapeutic Research journal in 1999 showed that a combination of citrus aurantium extract, caffeine and St John’s Wort caused significant body fat loss in overweight healthy adults.
		Other research has looked at the thermogenic properties of compounds found in citrus aurantium including synephrine and the results are very promising.
	www.tsrf.com /supplements/supplements_citrus.htm (180 words)

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