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	Civic Democratic Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Civic Democratic Party (Czech: Občanská demokratická strana - abbreviation: ODS) is a eurosceptic, right-wing political party in the Czech Republic.
		The party was founded in 1991, after the Civic Forum split, by Václav Klaus and it is currently led by Mirek Topolánek.
		In the 2002 elections, it became the second largest party in the Chamber of Representatives, with 58 of 200 seats.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civic_Democratic_Party (234 words)

	History of the Czech Republic
		The democratic elements, led by President Eduard Benes, hoped the Soviet Union would allow Czechoslovakia the freedom to choose its own form of government and aspired to a Czechoslovakia that would act as a bridge between East and West.
		Civic Forum found, however, that although it had successfully completed its primary objective--the overthrow of the communist regime--it was ineffectual as a governing party.
		In the election of June 1992, Klaus's Civic Democratic Party won handily in the Czech lands on a platform of economic reform.
	infotut.com /geography/Czech-Republic (1654 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Europe
		As anticipated, Civic Forum and Public Against Violence won landslide victories in their respective republics and gained a comfortable majority in the federal parliament.
		Currently, the ruling coalition comprises the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), the Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA), the Christian Democratic Party (KDU-CSL), and the splinter Christian Democratic Party (KDS).
		With the disintegration of the communist economic alliance in 1991, Czech manufacturers lost their traditional markets among former communist countries to the East, some of whom still owe the former Czechoslovakia sizable debts.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/eur/czechrepublic9407.html (3989 words)

	Civic Democratic Alliance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Civic Democratic Alliance (Czech: Občanská demokratická aliance, ODA) is a small, almost defunct liberal party in the Czech Republic, currently led by Jiřina Nováková.
		ODA was established in 1991 by a group of intellectuals as a conservative-liberal party, based on ideas often expressed in The Salisbury Review.
		Attempts to merge with another party or parties to form a strong liberal group have thus far failed (as of 2004).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civic_Democratic_Alliance (271 words)

	East European Constitutional Review
		Civic Democratic Alliance (CDA), a party that had failed to put down organizational roots and had become embroiled in party-finance scandals of its own, did not cross the 5 percent threshold for parliamentary representation.
		Any alliance with them would imply that CSDP is somehow still tied to the old regime, a perception that would definitely undermine its effort to appeal to the average Czech voter.
		During the Czechs’ previous democratic period, all major parties participated in a series of broad coalition governments, dividing between them the various ministries, and rendering the opposition minuscule and marginal.
	www.law.nyu.edu /eecr/vol7num3/constitutionwatch/czech.html (1678 words)

	Freedom in the World 1998-99: Czech Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In June parliamentary elections, the Social Democrats (CSSD) led by Milos Zeman won the most seats and formed a minority government with the support of former Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus, who had resigned in late 1997 amid allegations of financial improprieties in his Civic Democratic Union (ODS).
		In November, the government collapsed after the Christian Democrats and the Civil Democratic Alliance left the ruling coalition amid the ODS's admission that it had received a substantial donation from a businessman who had recently acquired a large stake in a steel firm privatized by the Klaus government.
		In November elections for 27 seats in the 81-member Senate, candidates for the four-party coalition led by the Christian Democrats and the Freedom Union won in 13 districts.
	www.freedomhouse.org /survey99/country/czech.html (853 words)

	Czech Republic. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The leading political parties are the Civic Democratic Party, the Social Democratic party, the Christian Democratic party, and the Civic Democratic Alliance.
		In 1994 it became an associate member of the European Union (it became a full member ten years later), in 1995 it was admitted to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and in 1999 it joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
		In 2004, after the Social Democrats made a poor showing in the European Parliament elections, Spidla only narrowly survived a party no-confidence vote, and subsequently resigned as prime minister.
	www.bartleby.com /65/cz/CzechRep.html (907 words)

	Major Czech Political Parties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) is the descendent of the Social Democratic party formed in 1878 and is the only pre-communist social democratic party in Eastern Europe to have successfully regained its reputation.
		In 1990, the Social Democrats failed to reach the five percent threshold and thus, was not represented in Parliament.
		The Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) was also founded in 1989 and achieved parliamentary representation until 1998, when it decided to refrain from participating in elections to prevent fragmentation of the democratic right, throwing its constituents to the ODS and the Freedom Union.
	www.unc.edu /courses/2002spring/rues/230/001/czech/czepar.html (560 words)

	[No title]
		Zieleniec, whose dramatic departure from ODS and the government served as the prelude to a fall of the Klaus Cabinet in November 1997, defeated ODS Senator Zdenek Klausner in the Prague 4 election district with 52 per cent of the vote.
		Civic Democratic Party (ODS) candidates won 185 seats and the party won the most votes in seven regions.
		The second-best showing was by the Four-Party Coalition (Christian Democrats, the Freedom Union, the Civic Democratic Alliance and the Democratic Union) with 171 mandates and the most votes in five regions.
	carolina.cuni.cz /archive-en/Carolina-E-No-394.txt (3537 words)

	ČSSD: Czech Social Democratic Party
		This was negotiated between the social democrats and Civic Democratic Party after the elections, when became clear that it was beyond the capacity of right spectre to run the country.
		The social democratic government managed to turn the downward trend of the economy and drew closer the state administration to the standards of the Union.
		The Treaty of accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union was signed in Athens on 16th April 2003 and the accession of the Czech Republic was confirmed by referendum, held on 13th and 14th June 2003.
	www.cssd.cz /vismo/dokumenty2.asp?id_org=422010&id=34972 (1658 words)

	Radio Prague - News
		The Christian Democratic Party has called on the Civic Democratic Alliance to merge with the Freedom Union or be excluded from talks on the upcoming parliamentary elections.
		He added that the Civic Democrats have no political agenda that pertained to the Czech Republic's needs and therefore compensated for it with nationalistic messages that harmed the country.
		The Civic Democratic Alliance, however, has rejected the offer, saying that it was unfair and would result in the party's forced liquidation.
	www.radio.cz /en/news/15961 (667 words)

	Czech Republic Human Development Report 1996 - Chapter 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Chief among them are the two "civic" parties the ODS (Civic Democratic Party) and the ODA (Civic Democratic Alliance) the Christian party, KDU_SL (Christian Democratic Alliance Czechoslovakian Popular Party), and on the leftwing the Social Democrats (_SSD) and the Communists (KS_ and KS_M) or in the coalition Left Block (LB).
		The biggest political force, with which no party could compete, was the Civic Forum; it represented the polar opposite of the former Communist regime and was at the same time regarded as the victor in the Velvet Revolution.
		In the process of democratization there has been a division of union organizations; despite this the Czech Republic has the greatest centralization of the union movement in post-communist countries, obviously influenced by the relative wealth of the major central organ.
	www.undp.org /rbec/nhdr/1996/czech/chapter1.htm (5113 words)

	CZECH REPUBLIC: COUNTRY COMMERCIAL GUIDE - 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The coalition government is led by the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), a conservative, free-market oriented party whose leader, Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus, is the chief architect of the country´s economic reform.
		The ODS and its coalition partners - the Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) and the Christian Democratic Union (KDU-CSL) - are right-of-center parties advocating policies that are broadly pro-business, and have remained in power despite pushing through tough economic reforms.
		The main opposition party, the Social Democrats (CSSD), succeeded in consolidating the center-left of the political spectrum, and has continued to gain in popularity.
	www.mac.doc.gov /tcc/data/commerce_html/countries/Countries/CzechRepublic/CountryCommercial/1998/ThePolitical.html (508 words)

	Radio Prague: Press Review
		The visit of Czech Foreign Minister Jaroslav Sedivy to Brussels, the Canadian and Danish parliaments' ratification of Czech NATO membership, and the emerging funding scandal of the Civic Democratic Alliance are the main headlines in the newspapers today.
		The Christian Democrats and the ODA had left the former ruling coalition because of their disagreement with the funding of their partner - the ODS.
		If the Christian Democrats stick to the same principles now and if the Civic Democratic Alliance's funding proves controversial, it would be logical if Christian Democrat ministers then handed in their resignation to Premier Tosovsky, Marcel Pok writes in today's ZEMSKE NOVINY.
	archiv.radio.cz /english/press/4-2-98.html (535 words)

	Czech Republic (04/05)
		The center-left Social Democrats (CSSD) emerged in first place in the 2002 elections and were able to form a government with a narrow parliamentary majority in a left-center-right three-party coalition.
		Former Prime Minister Klaus' Civic Democrats (ODS) and the Communists went into opposition.
		Prime Minister Vladimir Spidla led the government from 2002 through June 2004; he was replaced in August 2004 by Stanislav Gross, who continued to lead a three-party coalition government with a one-vote majority until he resigned on April 25, 2005.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/c/47441.htm (4351 words)

	CNN - 2nd party abandons Czech prime minister's coalition - November 29, 1997
		The small Civic Democratic Alliance announced it was quitting, hours after the Christian Democrats pulled out, saying their four ministers -- including the key defense minister -- would withdraw from the Cabinet.
		He added that the Czech Republic and his Civic Democratic Party do not "stand or fall" with his presence.
		The comment was taken by some to mean he was considering resigning as both prime minister and party leader.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9711/29/czech.politics (677 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Zhelyu Zhelev on 1 June was clearly defeated by Union of Democratic Forces Deputy Chairman Petar Stoyanov in primaries aimed at determining a joint presidential candidate of the anti-Socialist opposition, Bulgarian media reported.
		Members of the Socialist Party, the Social Democrats, and the Democratic Alliance began a hunger strike on 31 May to protest alleged manipulations and irregularities during the parliamentary elections on 26 May. Parliamentary candidates from all over Albania participate in the protest which the parties are holding in their respective headquarters in Tirana.
		Candidates from the ruling Democratic Party are likely to win in all districts due to the opposition boycott.
	www.b-info.com /places/Bulgaria/news/96-06/jun03.omri (1871 words)

	ICL - Czech Republic Index
		Other parties are the KDU (Christian Democratic Union) of Josef Lux and the very successful CSSD (Czech Social Democratic Party) which now holds 61 seats and received the speaker of parliament post for party leader Milos Zeman.
		The Czech Republic concluded a Europe-Agreement with the EU.
		July 1996: General elections bring strong gains of Social Democrats (61 of 200 seats); Vaclav Klaus (Civic Democrats) starts his second term as Prime Minister with a coalition of three conservative parties, altogether only holding 99 seats.
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/ez__indx.html (566 words)

	The Czech Political Party System, Democracy, and the 1996 Elections
		The clientelist form, while itself stable, may undermine popular support for the democratic system by its constant use of material incentives which suggest that democracy is about payment for services rather than political choice.
		The three parties widely characterized as on the right of the political spectrum have continued in coalition, while the two parties characterized as being on the left of the spectrum have remained in opposition.
		By 1991 the largest o f these, Civic Forum (OF) had split into five smaller party groupings of various size, the largest of which were the Civic Movement (OH) and the Civic Democratic Party (ODS).
	www.cla.wayne.edu /polisci/kdk/papers/avcr1996.htm (6622 words)

	Okno Group - Environmental policy briefs - Czech Rep.
		Social Democrat leader Milos Zeman and his arch-rival Vaclav Klaus of the center-right ODS agreed that the CSSD would form a minority government with Mr.
		Outgoing minister Martin Bursik told journalists in mid-July that he considered his biggest victory the fact that the environment ministry has "stopped cowering in the corner" and is taken seriously even in issue areas outside its traditional realm, such as energy and transport policy.
		Skalicky led the Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) party, which had been part of the governing coalition with former premier Vaclav Klaus' Civic Democratic Party but had turned into a rival to Mr.
	www.okno.com /env/policy/envpolicy-cz.html (1749 words)

	[ RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Civic Democratic Party (ODS) candidate and former Premier Vaclav Klaus received 85 votes among deputies and 33 votes among senators.
		Social Democratic Party (CSSD) candidate and former Premier Milos Zeman was eliminated from the race after the first round of the 24 January ballot (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 24 January 2003).
		Christian Democratic Movement (KDH) and parliamentary speaker Pavol Hrusovsky said in 25 January that he does not expect a split in the governing coalition as a result of the current crisis over allegations that security services bugged Alliance for a New Citizen (ANO) leaders' telephones, CTK reported.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2003/01/3-CEE/cee-270103.asp?po=y (2905 words)

	Czech the News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Prime Minister Klaus' Civic Democratic Party (ODS) has emerged as the winner of the elections to the House of Deputies of the Czech Parliament, which took place on May 31 and June 1, 1996.
		The electorate of the winning Civic Democratic Party was largely composed of businessmen (54 % of them voted for ODS) and residents of large towns (52 %), according to the data polled by the Infas and Factum agencies.
		The opposition Czech Social Democratic Party (CSSD), the surprising runner-up, was mostly favored by miners (40% of them), members of the army and police (38%), workers (32%), people employed in heavy industry (32%) and men between 45 and 59 years (30%).
	www.mzv.cz /washington/newslet/czn0696.htm (5606 words)

	92051: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary: Recent Developments
		Meeting before 12 prospective alliance members in Prague on March 20, 1996, U.S. Secretary of State Christopher affirmed that NATO enlargement was "on track." Christopher stated that no nation should ever again be consigned to a buffer zone or relegated to another nation's sphere of influence.
		However, the center-left Social Democratic party (CSSD) led by Milos Zeman, which emphasized continuing social problems in the country, appeared to narrow the gap between it and the ODS in the week priors to the vote.
		The opposition Social Democrats came in second place with 26.4% of the vote (61 seats), representing a substantial increase in their standing from the last elections.
	www.fas.org /man/crs/92-051.htm (7895 words)

	UK Independence Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Of the 24 seats in the European Parliament assigned for the Czech Republic, the main opposition Civic Democratic Party (ODS) is expected to win the most (33 percent, according to a survey in February by the Centre for public opinion study).
		The leading figures of the ODS hope they will manage to make a similar deal with the EPP to that of the British conservatives which will allow them to pursue their eurosceptic agenda whilst remaining within the group.
		The ruling social democrats (CSSD) are running second in the polls (15 percent).
	www.ukip.org /abc_news/gen12.php?t=1&id=524 (560 words)

	[ RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Civic Democratic Alliance Chairman Michael Zantovsky told CTK on 1 February that his party will run in the June elections independently or in a coalition with other formations than those in the Four Party Coalition.
		He said Kalousek is responsible for losses of hundreds of millions of crowns in the Defense Ministry while he was deputy minister, and that Pilip is responsible for the scandals surrounding the financing from foreign accounts of the Civic Democratic Party, of which he is a former member.
		Former Finance Minister Brigita Schmognerova, who was recently forced to resign by her own Party of the Democratic Left (SDL), announced on 31 January that she has resigned from the party, CTK and AP reported.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2002/02/3-CEE/cee-010202.asp?po=y (2422 words)

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