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Topic: Civil Constitution of the Clergy

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	The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
		The superior and directing vicars shall be required to be present with the young ecclesiastics of the seminary at all offices of the cathedral parish, and to perform therein all duties with which the bishop or his first vicar shall see fit to entrust them.
		The vicars of cathedral churches, together with the superior and directing vicars of the seminary, shall constitute the customary and permanent council of the bishop, who may perform no act of jurisdiction with respect to the government of the diocese and the seminary until he has deliberated therewith.
		Proclamation of those elected shall be made by the president of the electoral assembly, in the church where the election was held, in the presence of the people and the clergy, and before beginning the solemn mass which is to be celebrated on such occasion.
	sourcebook.fsc.edu /history/civilconstitution.html (2833 words)

	Civil Constitution of the Clergy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Even before the Revolution and the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the Catholic Church in France (the Gallican Church) had a status that tended to subordinate the Church to the State.
		On November 27, 1790, still lacking the king's signature on the law of the Civil Constitution, the National Assembly voted to require the clergy to sign an oath of loyalty to the Constitution.
		Pope Pius VI Response to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, April 13, 1791.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy (1572 words)

	Constitution - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Countries that adopt constitutions usually do so by a process of ratification.The process by which a country adopts a constitution is closely tied to the historical and political context driving this fundamental change.
		Possibly the most common usage of 'constitution' is to describe a single, written, fundamental law that defines how a nation or a subdivision is governed, legislation is passed, power and authority are distributed, and how they are limited.
		The United States Constitution of 1787 (ratified 1789), heavily influenced by the (by then considerably modified) Magna Carta, plus the writings of Polybius, Locke, Montesquieu, and others, is often considered the oldest codified constitution, and in any case remains the oldest such document still in effect.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /constitution.htm (1513 words)

	French Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		2.3 From the abolition of feudalism to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
		From the abolition of feudalism to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
		The Civil Constitution of the Clergy, passed on July 12, 1790 (although not signed by the king until December 26, 1790), turned the remaining clergy into employees of the State and required that they take an oath of loyalty to the constitution.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/f/fr/french_revolution_1.html (3993 words)

	Civil Constitution of the Clergy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Even before the Revolution and the Civil of the Clergy the Catholic Church in (the Gallican Church) had a status that tended to the Church to the State.
		On November 27 1790 still lacking the king's signature the law of the Civil Constitution the Assembly voted to require the clergy to an oath of loyalty to the Constitution.
		Pope Pius VI Response to the Civil of the Clergy April 13 1791.
	www.freeglossary.com /Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy (1507 words)

	French Revolution Readings #1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On the 12th of July, 1790, the Civil Constitution of the Clergy reduced papal authority over the constitution of the French Catholic clergy to a mere right to be informed of local election results, thus shifting the authority over the selection of clergy to local electors, who would be sworn to support the revolutionary agenda.
		The "official word from Rome" that Louis XVI supposedly needed to refuse to officially sanction the Civil Constitution of the Clergy was delayed by an evaluative and diplomatic process by the clergy.
		Pope Pius VI Response to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~rpekarek/fresp1.html (879 words)

	Civil Constitution of the Clergy - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is often erroneously stated that this law confiscated the Church's French land holdings or banned monastic vows.
		On July 28, September 6, and December 16, 1790, Louis XVI wrote letters to Pius VI, complaining that the National Assembly was forcing him to publicly accept the Civil Constitution, and suggesting that Pius VI appease them by accepting a few selected articles to.
		However, violence on all sides continued, and on November 29,1791, the Legislative Assembly, which had replaced the National Constituent Assembly, decreed that the refractory priests be arrested.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy (1534 words)

	Civil Constitution
		On July 12 1790, the National Assembly passed the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, fundamentally altering the internal structure of the Catholic Church in France and the relationship between Church and State.
		About half of the lower clergy and only a small number of bishops took the oath of loyalty to the French Constitution, as required by the National Assembly in a separate piece of legislation.
		(Note that Provision XXI in Title II requires an oath to be taken at a bishop's ceremony of consecration.) In April of 1791, the Pope condemned the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
	history.hanover.edu /courses/excerpts/111civil.html (1092 words)

	EUH Documents
		Hence arose the first obligations of civility even among savages; and every intended injury became an affront; because, besides the hurt which might result from it, the party injured was certain to find in it a contempt for his person, which was often more insupportable than the hurt itself.
		His descendants took still more upon them, in proportion to their distance from him; the more obscure and uncertain the cause, the greater the effect: the greater the number of idlers one could count in a family, the more illustrious it was held to be.
		is destined to fuller enjoyment; and hence, as a consequence of the physical constitution of the human species, to an increase of the population.
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~velez/frdoc1.html (13717 words)

	Encyclopedia: Civil Constitution of the Clergy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		French Revolution from the abolition of feudalism to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
		The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the French monarchy
		"Constitution Civile du Clerge"), passed July 12, 1790 during the French Revolution, subordinated the France to the French government.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Civil-Constitution-of-the-Clergy (1634 words)

	Non-juror - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In British history, the non-jurors were those who refused to swear allegiance to William and Mary in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution.
		They included Anglican clergy who were deposed for their refusal, resulting in the Nonjuring schism; they also included a number of laypersons.
		In regard to French history, non-jurors refer to those members of the Roman Catholic clergy during the French Revolution who refused to swear an oath of allegiance to the state under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Non-juror (217 words)

	How far had the Constituent Assembly changed France by October 1791?
		Louis was forced to accept the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and, when opposition began to grow, he was forced to sign an order insisting that every priest take an oath of loyalty to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (November 1790).
		In March and April 1791 the Pope denounced the Civil Constitution, the Declaration of Rights and the Revolution: the split was to last until the Concordat of 1801.
		In rural areas, which were conservative and Catholic, the Civil Constitution of the Clergy was condemned, but in urban areas (especially Paris) where deism had a stronghold, the National Assembly's actions were praised.
	www.coursework.info /i/12977.html (718 words)

	Civil Constitution of the Clergy bei eLexi - das Onlinelexikon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Civil Constitution of the Clergy bei eLexi - das Onlinelexikon
		[1] The Assembly passed the Civil Constitution on July 12, 1790, two days before the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille.
		The Augsburg Confession (1530) is the primary confessional document of the Lutheran faith.
	www.elexi.de /en/c/ci/civil_constitution_of_the_clergy.html (1671 words)

	French Revolution from the abolition of feudalism to the Civil... - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		French Revolution from the abolition of feudalism to the Civil...
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	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Revolution_from_the_abolition_of_feudalism_to_the_Civil... (69 words)

	French Revolution chronology
		At first sympathetic to a constitutional monarchy, and progressively supportive of the sans-culottes and the Commune of Paris, Marat's fiery texts raged against both aristocrats and those who argued for egalitarian distribution of property.
		Adoption of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
		A new constitution, known as the Constitution of the Year VIII (the fourth since 179 1) is proclaimed and submitted for approval in a plebiscite.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/gbrown/hist462/resources/chrono.htm (5200 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Augustin Barruel
		He likewise wrote a number of pamphlets against the civil oath demanded from ecclesiastics and against the new civil constitution during 1790 and 1791.
		While some are of the opinion that Barruel's work attributes to the secret societies many evil deeds for which they are not responsible, all admit that his exposition of their principals and the logical consequences flowing from them is the work of a powerful mind.
		Barruel, indeed, seems to have been the first to portray clearly the necessary consequences to civil government, to the Church, and to the social order that must result from the atheistic oathbound associations that had acquired such tremendous power on the continent of Europe.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02310a.htm (1057 words)

	[No title]
		Note: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is commonly confused with a document dealing with the redistribution of Church lands.
		The Civil Constitution of the Clergy, having been passed in 1790, has effectively alienated the Catholic population of France by forcing a schism between those swearing allegiance to the state and those swearing allegiance to the Pope.
		Civil Constitution of Clergy in Question There is currently a move to revoke the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~nfelson/documents/Feuillant_Newspaper.doc (3920 words)

	Civil Constitution Of The Clergy Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Looking For civil constitution of the clergy - Find civil constitution of the clergy and more at Lycos Search.
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	www.fburg.com /search/encyclopedia/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy (1782 words)

	UCD US History: Twenty Significant Events in the French Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Decrees by the Assembly reinforcing the Civil Constitution of the Clergy; oath-taking of the clergy
		Letter from Pius VI to Cardinal de Lomenie objecting to his Nov. 25, 1790 letter claiming taking the Oath of the Clergy could be taken with excuse of lack of mental assent; Pius VI objected to the violation of canon law and the public scandal.
		Louis XVI to Varennes undermines confidence among revolutionary leaders that a constitutional monarchy is workable.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~rpekarek/frchrona.html (1066 words)

	French Revolution Civil Constitution of the Clergy
		ven before the Revolution and the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the Catholic Church in France (the Gallican Church) had a status that tended to subordinate the Church to the State.
		Thus, the changes brought about in the Civil Constitution of the Clergy were as much at the expense of the monarchy as that of the papacy.
		On November 27, 1790, still lacking the king's signature on the law of the Civil Constitution, the National Assembly voted to require the clergy to sign an oath of loyalty to the Constitution.
	www.bonjourlafrance.net /france-facts/france-history/french-revolution-civil-constitution-of-the-clergy.htm (1595 words)

	The Civil Constitution of the Clergy, 1790
		ARTICLE I. Each department shall form a single diocese, and each diocese shall have the same extent and the same limits as the department.
		In view of the salary which is assured to them by the present constitution, the bishops, parish priests, and curates shall perform the episcopal and priestly functions gratis.
		ARTICLE I. The law requiring the residence of ecclesiastics in the districts under their charge shall be strictly observed.
	history.hanover.edu /texts/civilcon.htm (824 words)

	Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Bonal, Bishop of Clermont, and some members of the Right requested that the project should be submitted to a national council or to the pope.[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13009a.htm], but did not carry the day.
		[http://history.hanover.edu/texts/civilcon.htm An English-language translation of excerpts from the text of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.]
		[http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~rpekarek/cccresp.html Pope Pius VI Response to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, April 13, 1791.]
	q-basic.xodox.de /Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy (1547 words)

	Information About Civil Constitution of the Clergy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The law of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (Fr.
		"Constitution Civile du Clerge"), passed July 12, 1790 during the French Revolution, subordinated the Roman Catholic Church in France to the French government.
		It is often erroneously stated that this law confiscated the Church's French land holdings or banned monastic vows.
	www.911-realestatelaw.com /civil_constitution_of_the_clergy.html (140 words)

	Clergy For Fairness
		The purpose of this website is to organize clergy members and religious leaders who strongly oppose any attempt to write discrimination into the United States Constitution or state constitutions.
		Clergy for Fairness was successful in collecting over 2,200 signatures from concerned clergy members and religious leaders opposed to the Federal Marriage Amendment.
		Some argue that a constitutional amendment is necessary to ensure that clergy and faith groups will never be forced to recognize marriages of same-sex couples against their will.
	www.clergyforfairness.org (683 words)

	Mirabeau French revolution statesman Tennis Court Oath
		Mirabeau led the delegates to a near-by Tennis Court where he participated prominently in the drafting of the so-called Tennis Court Oath whereby the Assembly refused to disband before the framing of a constitution for the governance of France.
		Mirabeau was a supporter of a constitutional monarchy and tried to reconcile the reactionary court of Louis XVI with the increasingly radical forces of the Revolution of 1789 and 1790.
		Mirabeau's was partly successful in efforts to establish a system of constitutional monarchy by securing for the Crown the right of declaring peace and war, he also fought hard, if largely unsuccessfully, to maintain the absolute royal veto.
	www.age-of-the-sage.org /historical/biography/mirabeau.html (953 words)

	Civil Constitution Of The Clergy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He strongly believed in upholding the "civil and human...
		under the guise of the church's canons and constitution.
		do after he has deposed all these clergy is stop...
	www.wikiverse.org /civil-constitution-of-the-clergy (1557 words)

	The French Revolution and the Church II
		Pius VI (papacy, 1775-99) issued encyclical Charitas, condemning the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
		The military situation, however, was highly successful both abroad and in the civil war.
		The dislocating experiences of revolutionary religion and the embittered history of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy provided foundations for the future: for the Catholic Church's largely hostility attitude to democratic and popular movements and for the public association - especially amongst the bourgeousie - of the clergy with political reaction.
	www.etss.edu /hts/hts3/notes6.htm (534 words)

	Civil Constitution of the Clergy -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		French Constitution Civile Du Clergé (July 12, 1790), during the French Revolution, an attempt to reorganize the Roman Catholic Church in France on a national basis.
		Under the influence of Great Britain it was decided that the territories would be united in a single state with the old republic of the United Provinces, thus to constitute a better barrier against French expansion than that of 1715.
		The clergy and many devout Roman Catholics had withdrawn their support from the Revolution because of the laws against the church.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9082755 (837 words)

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