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Topic: Civil Force (Hong Kong)

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	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Economic History of Hong Kong
		Hong Kong’s economic and political history has been primarily determined by its geographical location. The territory of Hong Kong is comprised of two main islands (Hong Kong Island and Lantau Island) and a mainland hinterland.
		Hong Kong was profoundly affected by the disastrous events in Mainland China in the inter-war period.
		The economic development of Hong Kong is unusual in a variety of respects. First, industrialization was accompanied by increasing numbers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) rather than consolidation. In 1955, 91 percent of manufacturing establishments employed fewer than one hundred workers, a proportion that increased to 96.5 percent by 1975.
	eh.net /encyclopedia/article/schenk.HongKong (824 words)

	Hong Kong Judicial Assistance
		HONG KONG CENTRAL AUTHORITY: The Hong Kong Central Authority for requests under the Hague Evidence Convention is the Chief Secretary for Administration of Hong Kong SAR, Central Government Offices, Lower Albert Road, Hong Kong, tel: (011) (852) 8102954.
		If application is made directly by local Hong Kong counsel, rather than in the form of a model letter of request from the American court to the Hong Kong central authority, the application must be made ex parte and must be supported by an affidavit made in Hong Kong to which the application is attached.
		The Hong Kong court must be satisfied that the evidence requested will be obtained for the purposes of civil proceedings which either have been instituted before the requesting court or where institution before that court is contemplated.
	travel.state.gov /law/hong_kong_legal.html (2166 words)

	Hong Kong (09/06)
		Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with an overall density of some 6,380 people per square kilometer.
		The Hong Kong Government and the Legislative Council are currently engaged in a public consultation process intended to lead to changes in the mechanism for choosing the Chief Executive and forming the Legislative Council and move toward the "ultimate aim" of universal suffrage as prescribed by the Basic Law.
		Hong Kong is an independent customs territory and economic entity separate from the rest of China and is able to enter into international agreements on its own behalf in commercial and economic matters.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2747.htm (2830 words)

	Civil Force - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Civil Force (Chinese: 公民力量) is a community alliance in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.
		Lau was defeated by Emily Lau Wai-hing in the 1991 and 1995 elections of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo).
		In 2003, due to the pro-Government stance of DAB especially on the issue of implementing Article 23 of the Basic Law, the popularity of Lau, being a member of the DAB, was affected, and the Civil Force performed not as good in the 2003 District Council elections.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civil_Force_(Hong_Kong) (294 words)

	Hong Kong Independence Movement (HIM) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		HONG Kong has appointed judge Woo Kwok-hing as its first Commissioner of Interception of Communications - a title that is causing as much grim mirth as the commission itself is causing angst among the city's frustrated democrats.
		Hong Kong (AsiaNews/Agencies) – Gao Siren, director of the central government's liaison office, said that a referendum on universal suffrage was a “challenge to the country's political and constitutional system”.
		Hong Kong’s Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa also said that the proposed referendum was “inappropriate, inconsistent with established legal procedures, impractical and misleading to the public”.
	independenthongkong.tripod.com /HIM (3864 words)

	Hong Kong debates 'spying law' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Hong Kong's Legislative Council has begun final readings of a bill to regulate the government's use of phone tapping and covert surveillance.
		Hong Kong first got a government spying law almost 10 years ago, in the last days of the British administration.
		Civil rights defenders believe the law is open to abuse by government.
	www.jonesreport.com /articles/020806_hong_kong_spying.html (292 words)

	Hong Kong prepares for trade-talk unrest - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune
		HONG KONG With less than a week remaining until the start of the World Trade Organization ministerial meeting here, Hong Kong is like a city preparing for a siege.
		Hong Kong officials have refused to release details of their immigration screening procedures for the conference, except to say that they are working with law enforcement agencies in other countries and would observe human rights and allow protests.
		Peter Yam, director of operations for the Hong Kong police, said that a government risk assessment of the event was "medium" for terrorist incidents, but "high" for threats to public order, a category that includes rioting and vandalism.
	www.iht.com /articles/2005/12/09/news/hong.php (547 words)

	History of Hong Kong
		This move was hastened by the civil war in China during the 1920s and by the Japanese invasion in the 1930s, when Chinese capitalists fled to the safer confines of the colony.
		Hong Kong's existence was threatened again when the Communists came to power in China in 1949 and during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s.
		Hong Kong has suffered fallout from Asia's economic crises in the late 1990s, and has experienced rising unemployment, falling property prices and close to zero growth.
	www.pacificislandtravel.com /asia/hongkong/about_destin/history.html (691 words)

	CNN.com - 100,000 set for Hong Kong rally - Jun. 30, 2003
		Organizers say Tuesday's march is set to be the biggest demonstration in Hong Kong since its return to Chinese rule and is likely to overshadow official celebrations marking the sixth anniversary of the territory's return from British sovereignty.
		Hong Kong's legislature is required to pass the bill under Article 23 of the territory's post-colonial constitution known as the Basic Law.
		Polls show a vast majority of Hong Kong residents oppose Article 23 and believe that Chief Executive Tung -- appointed by Beijing to lead the territory -- as well as a compliant, largely un-elected legislature are simply not listening to public opinion.
	cnn.com /2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/06/30/hk.protest/index.html (800 words)

	Hong Kong and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
		As the means by which the ICCPR is entrenched in domestic Hong Kong law, the Bill of Rights Ordinance renders the Covenant's provisions justiciable in Hong Kong's courts, enabling individuals to seek redress for the violation of their rights.
		Hong Kong's TVB recently disclosed, for instance, that their reporters have been arrested by Chinese authorities on more than ten occasions.
		Further exposing the precarious future of freedom of expression in Hong Kong was Director of the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office Lu Ping's recent statement in an interview with CNN that the press must not advocate "two Chinas"after the handover next year.
	hrw.org /research/hongkong/iccpr.htm (5371 words)

	Hong Kong :: China Digital Times (CDT) 中国数字时代
		Hong Kong's central banker on Thursday challenged his Chinese counterparts to increase the pace and scope of financial liberalisation, urging them to allow mainland investors to purchase Hong Kong securities and permit renminbi bond issuance in the territory.
		Hong Kong is headed for political gridlock after a huge rally on Dec. 4 in favor of greater democracy for the city.
		Hong Kong was braced yesterday for its biggest security operation since the handover from British rule in 1997 as thousands of international protesters began flying in to try to derail the World Trade Organisation summit later this week.
	chinadigitaltimes.net /hong_kong (7862 words)

	Will Civil Liberties in Hong Kong Survive? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The existing Hong Kong law that is relevant to these matters has to be thoroughly reviewed, and foreign legislative models have to be researched into by way of comparison.
		The law of sedition in Hong Kong was draconian, as illustrated in 1952 in The Crown v Fei Yi-ming and Lee Tsung-ying [1952] 36 HKLR 133.
		The existing Hong Kong law in this regard is contained in the Official Secrets Ordinance, which was enacted in June 1997 and is basically a copy of the relevant British legislation.
	www.oycf.org /Perspectives/19_123102/CivilLibertiesHongkong.htm (3562 words)

	Navy, Coast Guard, Air Force SAR Teams Train in Hong Kong SAREX 2006
		The Hong Kong Search and Rescue Exercise (SAREX), sponsored by Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) Civil Aviation Department (CAD), is an annual exercise that focuses on understanding the procedures necessary to locate and rescue those lost at sea and to continually train civilian and military personnel of the participating nations in increasing disaster responsiveness.
		In addition to the joint training conducted by the Air Force, Coast Guard and Navy units, the ability to work with the air controllers and aircraft from Hong Kong’s CAD was an integral part of the exercise.
		Civil aviation and military personnel from China, the United States, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Vietnam and Thailand observed the two-day exercise.
	www.news.navy.mil /search/display.asp?story_id=26380 (887 words)

	How Hong Kong Can Help You Unlock China's Treasure Chest
		Hong Kong offers a favorable and fairly simple tax regime with low salary taxes (standard rate of 16%) and corporate profits taxes (17.5%), property tax (primary revenue for government), and estate duty (which is likely to be abolished in 2005).
		Hong Kong also hosts some of the most active trade shows in the world, where buyers and sellers are free to conduct business in a dynamic environment dedicated to success.
		Hong Kong is the testing grounds for such products and, upon those products proving themselves, the distribution channel for delivering those goods to the Chinese consumers.
	www.escapeartist.com /OREQ13/Hong_Kong.html (1533 words)

	China's Plans for Hong Kong Jeopardize Basic Civil Liberties
		Hong Kong was acquired by Britain in 1842, when it was ceded in perpetuity by China as a base for Britain's trading ventures.
		Many Hong Kong citizens, particularly journalists, human rights organizations, and democratic party leaders, are concerned, however, about the steady encroachment on rights and freedoms that the PRC has already initiated.
		This Preparatory Committee is composed of 57 mainland Chinese and 93 Hong Kong residents.
	www.wcl.american.edu /hrbrief/v4i3/hngkng43.htm (1936 words)

	Hong Kong Civil Service - China-related Topics HM-HP - China-Related Topics
		He heads the Civil Service Bureau (CSB) of the Government Secretariat and is responsible to the Chief Executive of Hong KongChief Executive (CE) for civil service policies as well as the overall management and development of the civil service.
		To achieve the aim of a civil service which is biliterate (Chinese languagesChinese and English languageEnglish) and trilingual (generally conversant in spoken Cantonese languageCantonese, English and Standard MandarinPutonghua), language proficiency in Chinese and English is also required.
		In accordance with the Basic Law of Hong KongBasic Law, new recruits appointed on or after July 1, 1997 must be permanent residents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, save for certain specified exceptions.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Hong_Kong_Civil_Service (2172 words)

	APEC: E-com Legal Guide to Hong Kong
		Hong Kong’s rules for determining whether a contract has been formed are essentially the same as those in Australia and other jurisdictions whose legal systems are derived from that of the United Kingdom.
		In Hong Kong, we would highlight liability for content as an issue that should receive special consideration, especially where the content is held on a server in Hong Kong or the web site owner has a presence in Hong Kong.
		Two areas of civil liability that are not easily contained by national borders are defamation and infringement of copyright.
	www.bakerinfo.com /apec/hongkong_main.htm (5215 words)

	classical music - andante - hong kong philharmonic names civil servant as executive director
		The Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra has named Paul Leung, a 55-year-old retired government official, as executive director.
		In his 32 years of civil service, in both the British and post-handover Hong Kong administration, Leung served in a wide spectrum of governmental posts, from transport to trade.
		The appointment of a retired civil servant as the chief executive is a departure from precedent for the Philharmonic.
	www.andante.com /article/article.cfm?id=21109 (569 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Asia-Pacific \| Hong Kong debates 'spying law'
		Last Updated: Wednesday, 2 August 2006, 05:57 GMT 06:57 UK
		There are 5.5m of them - but where do they all live?
		An assessment of the state of Iraq's army and police forces
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/5237192.stm (388 words)

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