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Topic: Civil Guard (Spain)

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	Spain - MSN Encarta
		Spain maintains an all-volunteer professional army; military conscription was abolished in 2001.
		Spain’s American and European empires lasted in various forms until the early 19th century, when they largely disappeared in the wake of the French Revolution (1789-1799) and the Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815).
		Spain’s mineral riches drew Mediterranean trade from the earliest times, and many Mediterranean peoples established colonies in the southern and eastern parts of the Iberian Peninsula.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575057_9/Spain.html (1735 words)

	Spain HISTORY
		Spain's continental power was ended by wars with England, the Netherlands, and France in the 17th century and by the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14), which also established the Bourbon (Borbón) dynasty in Spain.
		Abroad, imperial Spain lost most of its dominions in the Western Hemisphere as a result of colonial rebellions in the first half of the 19th century; Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines were lost as a result of the Spanish-American War in 1898.
		Spain joined NATO in 1982, but the membership question became so controversial that a referendum on it was held in March 1986; about two-thirds of the electorate voted, and 53% chose continued NATO membership.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe/Spain-HISTORY.html (2234 words)

	FREE In-depth report - The Civil Guard - Spain
		The persistence of reactionary tendencies was underscored by the participation of a senior officer of the Civil Guard, Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Tejero Molina, in the dramatic coup attempt of 1981, backed by nearly 300 guardsmen who made prisoners of cabinet ministers and deputies of the Cortes (see The Military in Political Life, this ch.).
		Most members of the Civil Guard were housed with their families on compounds that formed part of the stations from which they operated.
		In addition to its rural police functions, the Civil Guard was to be responsible for firearms and explosives control; traffic policing on interurban roads; protection of communication routes, coasts, frontiers, ports, and airports; enforcement of environmental and conservation laws, including those governing hunting and fishing; and interurban transport of prisoners.
	www.exploitz.com /Spain-The-Civil-Guard-cg.php (787 words)

	Spain and Peacekeeping Operations. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Spain increased the number of military observers to nine officers with the implementation of UNAVEM II.
		Spain's most important role has been in Central America, where it participated from the beginning in specifying the ONUCA (United Nations Observation Group in Central America) with the dual mission of verifying the security agreements between the countries of the region and monitoring the ''Contra'' demobilization process in Nicaragua.
		Although this is not a peacekeeping operation, Spain is actively involved in preparations for a referendum on self-determination for the Sahara.
	www.sispain.org /english/foreign/europe.html (374 words)

	INCSR 1996: SPAIN
		Spain is a party to the three UN drug conventions including the 1988 UN Convention and is a member of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs.
		Spain is first in the EU in cocaine seizures, second in hashish seizures, and fourth in heroin seizures.
		Spain is not a significant diverter of precursors.
	www.hri.org /docs/USSD-INCSR/96/Europe/Spain.html (1744 words)

	Concluding Observations - CCPR - Spain - Concluding observations adopted up to December 31, 2003
		One member inquired whether Spain had ratified and was applying the European Convention on Human Rights and the protocols thereto and whether Spain had accepted or intended to accept the international rules on the right of petition and the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights.
		The exclusion of persons from the civil service by reason of their opinions would be contrary to the principle of equality under the Constitution and the only grounds for such exclusion would be conviction for a criminal offence.
		Spain's linguistic minorities were frequently in the majority in regions where their languages were spoken, for example, in the Catalan, Basque and Galician regions.
	www.bayefsky.com /html/spain_t4_ccpr.php (13817 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Spain seizes 800 kg cocaine on fishing boat
		Spain's Civil Guard on Thursday seized 800 kg of cocaine in a fishing boat and arrested its 15-member crew, Spanish officials said.
		The Civil Guard officers, who carried out the raid together with the the Spanish Customs Service and Portugal's Judicial Police, intercepted the boat Nuevo Salmon as it was heading for the Galicia coast.
		The Civil Guard detected the route the boat was taking and asked for help from the Customs, which sent a boat to the location some 200 miles (320 km) east of Cape St. Vincent, and from the Portuguese police, who sent a reconnaissance plane.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /200603/17/eng20060317_251457.html (215 words)

	spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Spain has long claimed Gibraltar, a narrow peninsula on the south coast, which was taken by a British-Dutch fleet in 1704 and became a British colony under the Treaty of Utrecht (1713).
		Spain's continental power was ended by wars with England, the Netherlands, and France in the 17th century and by the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14), which also established the Bourbon (Borbón) dynasty in Spain.
		Spain joined NATO in 1982, but the membership question became so controversial that a referendum on it was held in March 1986; about two-thirds of the electorate voted, and 53% chose continued NATO membership.
	cms.westport.k12.ct.us /cmslmc/foreignlanguages/spain/spain.htm (11921 words)

	Civil Guard - Spanish Intelligence Agencies
		The Civil Guard was formerly grouped into six zones, matching the six army regions, each commanded by an army brigadier general.
		Numerous cases of torture and ill treatment were attributed to members of the Civil Guard, especially in the handling of suspected Basque dissidents.
		The persistence of reactionary tendencies was underscored by the participation of a senior officer of the Civil Guard, Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Tejero Molina, in the dramatic coup attempt of 1981, backed by nearly 300 guardsmen who made prisoners of cabinet ministers and deputies of the Cortes.
	www.globalsecurity.org /intell/world/spain/guard.htm (794 words)

	Spain to pass on doping report to authorities \| Breaking news \| Guardian Unlimited Sport (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lissavetsky explained that doping itself was not a criminal offence in Spain and said it was not clear if any cyclists named in the report would be called to appear before the investigating judge.
		He also said that he would consult legal advisors to see if he would be permitted to send a copy of the report to the French government without undermining the legal rights of the cyclists involved.
		The scandal erupted last month after the Spanish Civil Guard raided a number of addresses to find large quantities of anabolic steroids, laboratory equipment used for blood transfusions and more than 100 bags of frozen blood.
	sport.guardian.co.uk /breakingnews/feedstory/0,,-5921446,00.html (438 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Spain and Senegal in migrant deal
		Spain and Senegal have agreed a series of measures to curb illegal migration to the Canary Islands.
		Spain's Canary Islands are a tempting destination for many Africans, and at least half of almost 30,000 illegal arrivals in 2006 have been Senegalese.
		But Spain will only be able to offer contracts to a fraction of those looking for work, so gaining a visa will still be a lottery and illegal journeys by land and sea will not be ended, they say.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/6208744.stm (506 words)

	USATODAY.com - Threat remains a year after terror attacks in Madrid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The 46-member Civil Guard counterterrorism unit will be more than doubled by the end of the year.
		Spain's proximity to Morocco — 8 miles of water separate the countries along parts of the Strait of Gibraltar — has made it a main route into Europe for terrorists.
		Spain has been fighting the Basque Fatherland and Liberty group (ETA), which seeks an independent homeland in northern Spain and southwestern France, for four decades.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-03-09-madrid_x.htm (1354 words)

	TUSPAIN - Weekly News from Spain February 17 - 25, 1997,
		During a conference in Granada, the magistrate indicated that the use of the "Spanish State" euphemism or the affirmation that Spain is a "Nation of nations" is a scheme designed to manipulate the language and blur the outlines of the constitutional order.
		Spain has blocked the proposal presented to allow South Africa to become a partial member of the African, Caribbean and Pacific group (ACP) of the European Union.
		Spain is seeking a commitment from Pretoria for a separate fishing agreement with the EU and also dislikes the planned import of South African wines and spirits on the group of 15 nation's market.
	www.tuspain.com /news/news23.htm (1426 words)

	The Raw Story \| Officers in Spain's Civil Guard calls for demilitarization
		Officers in Spain's Civil Guard calls for demilitarization
		The calls were for members of the Guardia Civil to be incorporated
		Civil, over 150 years old and equally under the interior ministry and
	rawstory.com /news/2007/Officers_in_Spain_s_Civil_Guard_cal_01212007.html (143 words)

	Center for the Study of Sexual Minorities in the Military \| UCSB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Spain is to allow members of its Civil Guard to live with gay partners in staff barracks.
		The Civil Guard was founded by fascisist dictator Francisco Franco.
		Now that Spain is run by a constitutuonal monarch, the Civil Guard act as a quasi-military force, fighting international crime.
	www.gaymilitary.ucsb.edu /PressClips/02_1107_GayDotCom.htm (113 words)

	Spain
		As a result of losses and lessons learned in the Rif War, Spain determined that tanks were needed in order to suppress the rebellion.
		Spain and these tankers would learn from this failure and form the Spanish Armor Corps - one of the finest armor forces in the world.
		The Bilbao was produced in two series, the first of 36 vehicles were supplied to the 18 assault guard companies, and a second series of 14 supplied to the cavalry "Grupo de auto ametalladoras - canon" reduced to 12 in August 1936 as 2 were returned to Sestao's factory.
	mailer.fsu.edu /~akirk/tanks/spain/spain.html (1766 words)

	Spain: Deportations to Morocco Put Migrants at Risk (Human Rights Watch, 13-10-2005)
		On October 6, Spain expelled at least 70 people from the enclaves to Morocco, on the basis of an ad hoc bilateral agreement, and is seeking to reactivate a 1992 agreement with Morocco that allows it to return people of any nationality to Morocco if they entered Spain illegally from that country.
		Spain has an obligation under both national and international law to ensure that all those on its territory who wish to apply for asylum are given the opportunity to do so.
		Spain and Morocco have an obligation not to send people to countries where they would face the risk of persecution or torture, or where their lives would otherwise be at risk.
	hrw.org /english/docs/2005/10/13/spain11866.htm (906 words)

	Madrid Bombers Linked to Spanish Security Service
		THE man accused of supplying the dynamite used in the al-Qaeda train bombings in Madrid was in possession of the private telephone number of the head of Spain’s Civil Guard bomb squad, it emerged yesterday.
		The telephone number of Señor Sánchez Manzano was contained in a Civil Guard dossier handed to Juan del Olmo, the investigating judge, at the National Court in Madrid.
		The number was written on a piece of paper found in the possession of Carmen Toro, the wife of Señor Suárez Trashorras.
	prisonplanet.tv /articles/june2004/062104madridbombers.htm (202 words)

	Spain
		Spain and Andorra are both highly developed and stable democracies with modern economies.
		The ETA threat against the tourist industry was renewed this year when tour operators in Spain and foreign companies that include Spain in their holiday offers received a letter stating that tourist facilities would continue to be ETA targets during 2004.
		It is a legal requirement for motorists travelling to or transiting Spain to carry (in all vehicles) two red warning triangles to be placed, in the event of an accident or breakdown, in front of and behind the vehicle.
	www.spain.com /Spain/spain.html (5124 words)

	Spero News: Senegal, Spain - joint patrols to stem migration
		Spain is providing a helicopter, a plane and a patrol boat to support the endeavor.
		Spain has already provided 20 pick-up trucks, 50 motorcycles, 50 computers, 50 infrared goggles and 50 walkie-talkies to help Senegalese gendarmes, police and marines patrol the coast.
		Although Spain’s civil guard will be able to detain migrants, Senegalese authorities are responsible for establishing identity and making arrests.
	www.speroforum.com /site/print.asp?idarticle=5163 (452 words)

	Spain heightens fence at African enclave \| Special reports \| Guardian Unlimited
		The six mile-long frontier has sensor pads, movement detectors, spotlights, infrared cameras and is patrolled by the Spanish civil guard.
		Pitched battles with civil guard and army units from the notoriously tough Spanish Legion have seen rubber bullets fired at close range, according to immigrants and NGOs, while the Moroccans are accused of using bayonets and shotguns.
		Spain began to double the height of the outer fence days ago, but said the job would take weeks.
	www.guardian.co.uk /spain/article/0,2763,1575438,00.html (474 words)

	Guardia Civil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was founded in 1844 by Queen Isabel II of Spain after the First Carlist War to assure the occupation in the newly created border zone at the Pyrenees and to stem the growing concerns in rural areas of banditry.
		The symbol of the Guardia Civil consists of a crown, a sword and a fasces.
		Antonio Tejero Molina, along with a few other members of the Civil Guard, attempted a coup d'etat by holding the lower house of the Cortes hostage during its vote of investiture on Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo as Prime Minister of Spain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guardia_Civil_(Spain) (469 words)

	Pilar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nuestra Señora del Pilar (Spanish for "Our Lady of the Pillar") the name given to Virgin Mary for her appearance in Spain, whose shrine (Nuestra Señora del Pilar Basilica) is in Zaragoza, Spain, by the river Ebro.
		In it, she was atop a column or pillar, which was being carried by angels.
		Our Lady of the Pillar is celebrated on 12 October and is the patron virgin of Spain, Hispanics, the hispanicized City of Zamboanga in The Philippines, and the Civil Guard of Spain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar (265 words)

	CNN.com - ETA blamed for grenade attack - Oct. 12, 2002
		Parliament has voted to ban the Batasuna party, which Spain says is an integral part of ETA, and a judge has suspended the party's political activities for at least three years.
		Last month a booby trap bomb blamed on ETA killed one civil guard and wounded four others in Navarre, a province claimed by Basque nationalists as part of a greater homeland.
		The Guardia Civil, the target of the last two fatal attacks blamed on ETA, was used by former dictator General Franco to repress Basque nationalism during his rule from 1939 to 1975.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/europe/10/12/spain.basque (345 words)

	EmergencyNet News Summary of Terrorist Events Involving Spain and the ETA: 01 Oct 2000 to 25 Nov 2000
		As was reported on Tuesday, suspected members of ETA fired grenades at a Spanish Civil Guard police barracks in the Basque region, slightly wounding one police officer.
		Since then he has fought expulsion to Spain and was staying at a hotel in the central Creuse region of France, where he was not supposed to leave without notifying the police.
		A security guard and a street cleaner were taken to a local hospital with minor injuries.
	www.emergency.com /2000/Spain11-2000.htm (2408 words)

	Spain - THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
		North-central Spain and the Carlist strongholds in Navarre and Aragon rallied to the army.
		For example, the anarchist UGT militia and the Assault Guards (the urban police corps established by the Republic to counterbalance the Civil Guard--Guardia Civil--the paramilitary rural police who were generally considered reactionary) crushed the army garrison in Barcelona.
		Negrin realized that Spaniards in Spain could not win the war, but he hoped to prolong the fighting until the outbreak of a European war, which he thought was imminent.
	countrystudies.us /spain/21.htm (1545 words)

	CNN.com - Spain hunts 'detonator bag' man - May 28, 2004
		Also on Friday, Spain's Cabinet moved to improve cooperation between police agencies in the fight against terrorism by creating the National Center for Anti-Terrorist Coordination, spurred by the attacks, Interior Minister Jose Antonio Alonso said.
		Spain's cabinet voted Friday to create the National Center for Anti-Terrorist Coordination to gather and evaluate information with the aim of "preventing terrorism to the extent humanly possible," Alonso said at a nationally televised news conference following the weekly cabinet meeting.
		The center to be staffed by officers from the National Police and the Civil Guard -- Spain's two main police agencies -- will provide support for these agencies rather than becoming a third operational agency in the fight against terrorism, Alonso said.
	www.cnn.com /2004/WORLD/europe/05/28/spain.warrant (638 words)

	Amnesty International Report 2002 - Europe - SPAIN
		She was arrested in Hernani, Guipúzcoa, in March on suspicion of belonging to an armed group and involvement in a series of killings, and taken to the Civil Guard headquarters in Madrid.
		Unai Romano was arrested by Civil Guards in Vitoria-Gasteiz in September and subsequently transferred to Civil Guard headquarters in Madrid.
		Eleven National Police officers and three Civil Guards who had been convicted of torture were included in a mass award of pardons to mark the millennium.
	web.amnesty.org /web/ar2002.nsf/eur/spain!Open (2036 words)

	Spain's Civil Guard investigates a German doctor linked to doping scandal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		MADRID, Spain (AP) - Spain's Civil Guard is investigating whether a German doctor provided performance-enhancing drugs to a Spanish sports doctor at the centre of a major doping scandal.
		The doctor works at a hospital in a small town of Germany, Civil Guard spokesman Guillermo Esteban said Monday.
		A Civil Guard police report on the investigation named more than 50 cyclists.
	www.cbc.ca /cp/sports/060731/s073126.html (284 words)

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