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Topic: Civil Rights Act of 1871

	Civil Rights Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Civil Rights Act of 1866 aimed to buttress Civil Rights Laws to protect freedmen and to grant full citizenship to those born on U.S. soil except Indians.
		Civil Rights Act of 1871 was also known at the time as the "Ku Klux Klan Act" because one of main reasons for its passage was to protect southern fls from the KKK by providing a civil remedy for abuses then being committed in the south.
		Civil Rights Act of 1991 provided for the right to trial by jury on discrimination claims and introduced the possibility of emotional distress damages, while limiting the amount that a jury could award.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civil_Rights_Act (313 words)

	Civil Rights Act of 1871 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Civil Rights Act of 1871, now codified and known as 42 U.S.C., is one of the most important federal statutes in force in the United States.
		The Klan Act was originally passed because Republican governors in the South during Reconstruction were unwilling or unable to act against violence by the Ku Klux Klan.
		Although some provisions were ruled unconstitutional in 1882, the Force Act and the Klan Act have been invoked in later civil rights conflicts, including the 1964 murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner; the 1965 murder of Viola Liuzzo; and in Bray v.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/42_U.S.C._%C2%A7_1983 (759 words)

	civil rights. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The term is broader than “political rights,” which refer only to rights devolving from the franchise and are held usually only by a citizen, and unlike “natural rights,” civil rights have a legal as well as a philosophical basis.
		In the United States civil rights are usually thought of in terms of the specific rights guaranteed in the Constitution: freedom of religion, of speech, and of the press, and the rights to due process of law and to equal protection under the law.
		The 1866 act was of dubious constitutionality and was reenacted in 1870 only after the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ci/civilrig.html (620 words)

	Civil Right Acts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The first two acts gave fls the rights to be treated as citizens in legal actions, particularly to sue and be sued and to own property.
		These rights were also guaranteed by the 14th Amendment (1868) to the Constitution, which conferred citizenship on the former slaves; and the 15th Amendment (1870), which declared it illegal to deprive any citizen of the franchise because of race.
		The Civil Rights Act of 1875 further guaranteed fls the right to use public accommodations, but this legislation was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1883.
	www.rlc.dcccd.edu /annex/COMM/english/mah8420/CivilRightsActs.htm (350 words)

	Civil Rights
		The term "civil rights" refers to the set of public policies designed to insure that people are treated fairly by society.
		The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a far-reaching, even visionary piece of legislation, and it remains the foundation of national policy on the rights of minorities.
		In the 1960s, many in the civil rights movement came to believe that it was not enough to strike down laws requiring racially segregated schools.
	web.utk.edu /~scheb/civilrights.html (8382 words)

	[No title]
		And we have held that "a State is responsible for the discriminatory act of a private party when the State, by its law, has compelled the act." \i Adickes v.
		So broad is the state's power that the courts of Pennsylvania have upheld its restriction of freedom of expression of a licensee on the ground that in doing so it merely exercises its plenary power to attach conditions to the privilege of dispensing liquor which a licensee holds at the sufferance of the state.
		Here by contrast beyond the act of licensing is the continuing and pervasive regulation of the licensees by the state to an unparalleled extent.
	paralegaltech.com /placement/employers/conLawCrimProc/courseware_samples/SubstantiveFundamentalRights_MooseLodgeNo107Vsrvis.doc (7616 words)

	UNITED STATES CODE, TITLE 42, SECTION 1983 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The wording of the Civil Rights Act of 1871 was given much time and effort, along with sufficient learned knowledge and understanding as to the impact upon the State judicial system and its judges and other officials along with the input of the Congressional Judiciary Committee.
		To the Plaintiffs, being denied basic fundamental rights to substantive as well as procedural due process and equal protection under the laws, starting with denial of effective assistance of counsel and being forced/coerced into not having a relationship with their children, is in violation of the Family Law Act itself.
		The vested right to act as a judge who has sworn to an oath to uphold and defend the Constitution and adjudicate all matters fairly and to act "under color of law", does not grant a judge to act as an "outlaw".
	christianparty.net /gorish.htm (5076 words)

	EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e et seq.
		The Civil Rights Act of 1871, 42 U.S.C. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000d, et seq.
		The Civil Rights Acts of 1871, 42 U.S.C. The Civil Rights Act of 1866, 42 U.S.C. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, Public Law 99-603.
	www.kcba.org /WLPM/toc18.html (243 words)

	Legal Affairs Column - April 1999 [ACN]
		The Civil Rights Act of 1991 reversed a portion of a Supreme Court decision that held that Section 1981's protections were limited to discrimination in contract formation, and did not extend to on-the-job racial harassment.
		But, and this is important, neither a state, an entity considered to be an "arm of the state," or a state official acting in his or her official capacity may be sued for damages under the Civil Rights Act of 1871.
		For that matter and of personal interest, a suit for damages against a state official in his or her official capacity is deemed to be actually another way of suing the state, since a judgment against a public servant in his or her official capacity would impose liability on the state he or she represents.
	www.ipmaac.org /acn/apr99/legal.html (1789 words)

	National Civil Rights Museum - About the Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Between 1866 and 1875, Congress passed several civil rights acts to enforce the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, allowing the federal government to impose heavy penalties for violations.
		The Civil Rights Act of 1866: This act granted fl citizens equal rights to contract, to sue and be sued, to marry, travel, and own property.
		The Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871: This act was intended to protect fl citizens against intimidation by illegal action, such as by the KKK, in cases where states could not, or would not, provide protection.
	www.civilrightsmuseum.org /gallery/civilrights.asp (319 words)

	Other Civil Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		To eradicate slavery as set forth in the 13th Amendment, Section 1981 was originally enacted as Section 1 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
		After ratification of the 14th Amendment, Section 1981 was reenacted in 1870 as the Civil Rights Act of 1870.
		Those who have the power to prevent or aid in preventing the commission of civil rights wrongs, but neglect or refuse to do so are liable.
	www.robertslaw.org /other.htm (398 words)

	FIN 342 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A. The U.S. Civil War raged from the shelling of Fort Sumter, in the Charleston S.C. harbor, on April 12, 1861 to the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia by Robert E.
		The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was the first (major?) civil rights act passed in the U.S. It passed over President Johnson’s veto.
		The Civil Rights Act of 1871 was intended to prohibit discrimination based upon race by state and local governments.
	www.sba.muohio.edu /wineswa/fin342class38.htm (931 words)

	Research Starters: Civil Rights
		The first two acts gave African Americans the rights to be treated as citizens in legal actions, particularly to sue and be sued and to own property.
		The Civil Rights Act of 1871 made it a crime to deny any citizen equal protection under the law by means of "force, intimidation or threat." The act of 1875 further guaranteed fls the right to use public accommodations, but this legislation was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1883.
		These efforts culminated in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination in employment and established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
	teacher.scholastic.com /researchtools/researchstarters/civilrights/article13.htm (340 words)

	Title 42 USC Section 1983 Information
		The idea behind the Bill of Rights was to enumerate rights that belong to all citizens; rights which cannot be infringed upon by the government; rights which cannot be trampled upon by the majority.
		Everyone has the right to speak their mind or to be free from cruel and unusual punishment, even if they hold a very unpopular position or are a member of an unpopular minority.
		These suits are filed in the civil division of the federal court having jurisdiction over the prisoner, and all allege a violation of the inmate's civil rights in one form or another.
	familyrights.us /info/law/title42sec1983 (2173 words)

	FindLaw Legal News
		Because 1 of the Civil Rights Act does not state expressly that municipal corporations come within its ambit, it is finally necessary to interpret 1 to confirm that such corporations were indeed intended to be included within the "persons" to whom that section applies.
		Moreover, 2 of the 1871 Act as passed, unlike 1, prosecuted persons who violated federal rights whether or not that violation was under color of official authority, apparently on the theory that Ku Klux Klan violence was infringing the right of protection defined by Coryell.
		County of Alameda, 411 U.S. (1973), petitioners asserted that "the County was vicariously liable for the acts of its deputies and sheriff," id., at 696, under 42 U.S.C. In rejecting this vicarious-liability claim, 411 U.S., at 710, and n.
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /scripts/printer_friendly.pl?page=us/436/658.html (15895 words)

	No. 97-1472: Haddle v. Garrison - Amicus (Merits)
		Blackstone distinguished generally between rights of person and rights of property, which he referred to as "rights of things." The former are rights that the individual obtains by virtue of his personhood.
		Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1871 (popularly known as the Ku Klux Klan Act) in response to widespread lawless activity and resistance to federal authority in the South.
		Congress enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1871 precisely because it believed that a federal solution was necessary to the disorder and anarchy that plagued the southern United States at that time.
	www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/1997/3mer/1ami/97-1472.ami.mer.html (7642 words)

	The Civil Rights Act of 1871
		The Civil Rights Act of 1871 is found in Title 42, section 1983 of the United States Code and so is commonly referred to as section 1983.
		A person is acting under color of state law when he or she uses power that has been given him or her by the state or local government to accomplish his or her goal.
		Priscilla needed to prove that the defendants, acting under color of state or local law, intentionally discriminated against her by treating her differently from male officers because of her gender.
	www.uslaw.com /library/article/bshCivilRights1871.html (2920 words)

	Miller & Son Paving v. Wrightstown Twp. Civic Assn.
		Because I find that the activities alleged in the complaint are not of the type that the Sherman Act or the Civil Rights Act of 1871 were designed to prohibit, I will dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.
		In Noerr, the Sherman Act was held not to apply to attempts to influence the enforcement or passage of laws even where "(the) sole purpose in seeking to influence the passage and enforcement of laws was to destroy.
		Although the complaint only states in broad, conclusory language that Miller had been deprived "rights, privileges and immunities under law", the gravamen of the s 1983 claim is apparently that plaintiff has a property interest in its quarry operation and that the defendants have deprived Miller of the full use of that property.
	www.casp.net /miller.html (1854 words)

	Case Cites on Conspiracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The statutory provisions now codified at 1985 were originally enacted as 2 of the Civil Rights Act of 1871, and the substantive meaning of the 1871 Act has not been changed.
		The civil remedy for a violation of any of the subsections is found at the end of 1985(3).
		The reclassification was not intended to change the substantive meaning of the 1871 Act.
	www.informed.org /Cases/conspiracies.htm (995 words)

	East High School PRISM Club v. Cynthia L. Seidel
		This action is based on, and seeks to redress deprivations under color of law of rights and privileges secured by, the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and the federal Civil Rights Act of 1871.
		Seidel was acting under color of law at all times relevant to this complaint and within the scope of her duties as the person authorized by the Salt Lake City School District (the “District”) to make final decisions about which student groups are allowed to meet at public high schools in the District.
		Seidel has interfered with, abridged and violated the rights of the PRISM Club and the Rainbow Club and their members (including plaintiffs Cohen and Hinckley) to freedom of speech, in violation of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and the federal Civil Rights Act of 1871, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1988.
	www.acluutah.org /prismcomplaint.htm (3025 words)

	[No title]
		The amendments we cherish as civil libertarians are not universally revered.
		Unlike the establishment clause, the right to keep and bear arms clause was the subject of much discussion and legislation by the Framers of the Fourteenth Amendment.
		The Civil Rights Act of 1871 (anti-Klan Act) was the lineal progenitor of 42 USC Sec.
	www.paulhager.org /a14-gen.htm (2877 words)

	civil rights: Civil Rights in the United States
		Morrison and the civil rights remedy of the Violence Against Women Act: a civil rights law struck down in the name of federalism.
		Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Views as 'Deeply Troubling' Ashcroft Nomination to be Attorney General of the United States; Urges Senate to take 'Hard, Dispassionate' Look at Appointment.
		Guarding America's first right: freedom from bondage: the civil rights community must respond to the disturbing rise in cases of involuntary servitude in the United States.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0857363.html (662 words)

	Week 6, EDL520
		Each educational agency or institution shall establish appropriate procedures for the granting of a request by parents for access to the education records of their children within a reasonable period of time, but in no case more than forty-five days after the request has been made....
		For the purposes of this section, whenever a student has attained eighteen years of age, or is attending an institution of postsecondary education the permission or consent required of and the rights accorded to the parents of the student shall thereafter only be required of and accorded to the student.
		Any party to any hearing conducted pursuant to subsections (b) and (c) shall be accorded (1) the right to be accompanied and advised by counsel and by individuals with special knowledge or training with respect to the problems of children with disabilities, (2) the right to present evidence and confront, cross-examine.
	www.nova.edu /~rawll/edl520/week6.htm (5167 words)

	37 Wn. App. 846, DURANCEAU v. TACOMA
		A prevailing plaintiff in an action to enforce civil rights under the Civil Rights Act of 1871 (42 U.S.C. 1983 ET SEQ.) is presumed to be entitled to recover reasonable attorney fees pursuant to 42 U.S.C. Fees may be denied only if there are special circumstances rendering an award unjust.
		In enacting the amendment to section 1988, Congress sought to encourage the vindication of civil rights through the mechanism of private lawsuits.
		DENIED, 439 U.S. Moreover, the fact that a prevailing civil rights plaintiff obtains only a private damage award does not mean that broader rights are not affected as such awards obviously serve as a deterrent to future civil rights violations.
	www.mrsc.org /mc/courts/appellate/037wnapp/037wnapp0846.htm (2477 words)

	FGCU: Equal Opportunity & Diversity Affairs: EEO Outline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Civil Rights Act of 1871, Section 1983 - provides persons who believe they have been deprived of any rights, privileges or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws redress and holds those responsible for the deprivation liable to the person injured.
		Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act - bans discrimination in employment because of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
		The regulations implementing the Act require "reasonable accommodation" to the physical and mental limitations of handicapped employees and applicants.
	www.fgcu.edu /eeo/eeo_02_03.html (1094 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This law was originally part of the Civil Rights Act of 1871 (often called "The Ku Klu Klan Act"), one of eleven laws passed by Congress after the Civil War to ensure the South would not win the war through state legislation denying legal and political rights to former slaves.
		The state courts proved to be totally ineffective in civil rights cases; prosecutors dropped cases and the rare prosecution typically ended with jury nullification.
		While used effectively in the 1870s this law was ignored until the 1960s when the Supreme Court in several cases upheld its application to cases in which civil rights of citizens had been violated by police and the civil rights of prison inmates had been violated by correctional institutions.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~jimi/glossary/S_glossary.htm (1084 words)

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