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Topic: Civil Rights Act of 1957

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	Civil Rights Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Civil Rights Act of 1866 aimed to buttress Civil Rights Laws to protect freedmen and to grant full citizenship to those born on U.S. soil except Indians.
		Civil Rights Act of 1871 was also known at the time as the "Ku Klux Klan Act" because one of main reasons for its passage was to protect southern fls from the KKK by providing a civil remedy for abuses then being committed in the south.
		Civil Rights Act of 1991 provided for the right to trial by jury on discrimination claims and introduced the possibility of emotional distress damages, while limiting the amount that a jury could award.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civil_Rights_Act (321 words)

	CongressLink - A Resource for Teachers Providing Information About the U.S. Congress
		Although civil rights had a long history as a political and legislative issue, the 1960s marked a period of intense activity by the federal government to protect minority rights.
		When Kennedy did act in June 1963 to propose a civil rights bill, it was because the climate of opinion and the political situation forced him to act.
		When an issue is as important and controversial as civil rights was in 1963, the final bill may reflect the ideas of individual citizens, organized groups, members and committees of Congress, congressional staff, and the executive branch.
	www.congresslink.org /print_basics_histmats_civilrights64text.htm (8013 words)

	Prentice Hall Documents Library: Civil Rights Acts
		The Enforcement Act of April 20, 1871, known as the "Ku Klux Klan Act," allowed president to use the militia and to suspend the right of habeas corpus in times when public safety was threatened, as by the wave of organized violence then spreading throughout the South.
		The Civil Rights Act of 1957 established the Commission on Civil Rights, which was mandated to study race relations in the United States.
		The Voting Rights Act of 1965 established a system of federal registrars, under the direction of the U.S. Attorney General, to replace state officials in localities in which fewer than 50% of the adult population had voted in the previous general election.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/dye4/medialib/docs/civrit.htm (1155 words)

	The 1960 Civil Rights Act
		Following the 1957 Civil Rights Act, Eisenhower introduced another civil rights bill in late 1958, which was his reaction to a violent outbreak of bombings against churches and schools in the South.
		Though Eisenhower is not automatically linked to the civil rights issue, his contribution, including the 1957 Act, is important as it pushed the whole civil rights issue into the White House.
		The act barely touched on anything new and Eisenhower, at the end of his term of presidency, was accused of passing the thorny problem of voters’ constitutional rights over to his successor.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /1960_civil_rights_act.htm (341 words)

	H102 Lecture 26: Civil Rights in an Uncivil Society
		Compare the tactics pursued by women's rights leaders in the early twentieth century with the tactics pursued by civil rights leaders in the latter half of the twentieth century.
		Civil Rights from the 1920s to World War II In the decades after Washington, Du Bois, and Garvey had fought for racial justice, civil rights became a national issue.
		As the civil rights movement grew from a regional to a national concern in the 1930s and 1940s, the NAACP stood out as the leading representative of fls in the nation.
	us.history.wisc.edu /hist102/lectures/lecture26.html (2841 words)

	AFRO-AMERICAN ALMANAC - African-American History Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Vice Chairman shall act as Chairman in the absence or disability of the Chairman or in the event of a vacancy in that office.
		The Director is authorized to appoint, subject to the civil service laws and regulations, such other personnel as may be necessary to enable the Service to carry out its functions and duties, and to fix their compensation in accordance with the Classification Act of 1949, as amended.
		If any provision of this Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the remainder of the Act and the application of the provision to other persons not similarly situated or to other circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
	www.toptags.com /aama/docs/act1964.htm (6196 words)

	African American Odyssey: The Civil Rights Era (Part 2)
		A group of civil rights demonstrators set off on Sunday, March 7, 1965, from Selma to march to Montgomery, Alabama--a fifty-four mile journey--to present a petition for fl voting rights to Governor George Wallace.
		The Voting Rights Act prohibited the states from using literacy tests, interpreting the Constitution, and other methods of excluding Afric an Americans from voting.
		In the 1960s the song became the all-but-official anthem of the civil rights movement.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart9b.html (1058 words)

	A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964
		If Kennedy's behavior on civil rights was a case study in a president trying to avoid a divisive domestic issue that could not be avoided, Johnson's behavior was a case study in what a president can do when he throws himself and the vast powers of his office totally into the fight.
		Knowing that civil rights advocates feared this civil rights bill would be compromised and watered down the way all the previous ones had, Johnson took the position that he and his administration would not compromise with the segregationist southern Democrats in any way.
		The act was the first national law to guarantee significant equal rights for women, and it set the precedent for using cloture to stop a filibuster on a civil rights bill - a precedent that was used in 1965 to pass a national law guaranteeing equal housing opportunity.
	faculty1.coloradocollege.edu /~bloevy/CivilRightsActOf1964 (5592 words)

	Republicans and Civil Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When it came to civil rights, America's politicians merely saw the handwriting on the wall and wrote the legislation to make into federal law the historical changes that had already taken place.
		Kennedy outlined civil rights legislation only after most of the country was behind it and ready for him to act.
		Introducing specific civil rights legislation in the Senate would have meant a filibuster and the obstruction of other business he felt was just as crucial as civil rights legislation.
	www.newsmax.com /archives/articles/2002/12/13/194350.shtml (3223 words)

	All An Act: Dems assault voting rights
		You'd think, from their hysteria over the idea that the act might be allowed to expire in 2007, that they were actually concerned about an actual threat to the voting rights of actual people.
		You might think, from hearing them use the Voting Rights Act as a platform for election-year posturing, that it was a Democrat-supported law that was enacted as a response to dastardly Republican shenanigans.
		Even if the Voting Rights Act were repealed, which it is never going to be, fls wouldn't be deprived of their right to vote any more than they were in the Northern states during the Sixties.
	shinbone.home.att.net /votrit.htm (2116 words)

	The 1957 Civil Rights Act
		The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was introduced in Eisenhower’s presidency and was the act that kick-started the civil rights legislative programme that was to include the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act.
		He never publicly gave support to the civil rights movement believing that you could not force people to change their beliefs; such changes had to come from the heart of the people involved, not as the result of legislation from Washington.
		The Civil Rights Act of 1957 maintained the mood of the bill - it aimed to increase the number of registered fl voters and stated its support for such a move.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /1957_civil_rights_act.htm (788 words)

	Civil Rights - Law and History/The Establishment of the Civil Rights Division (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Civil Rights Act of 1957 created the authority for establishing a civil rights office at the Department of Justice.
		In 1957, Congress passed federal civil rights laws providing for some voting rights enforcement and criminal civil rights violations prohibited by laws passed in the 1870s.
		As time went on, more civil rights acts were passed expanding the rights that the Division's lawyers would enforce.
	www.usdoj.gov /kidspage/crt/crtbegin.htm (132 words)

	Civil Rights Guaranteed - Civil Rights
		Further legislation was needed, and found, in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which is the very foundation for our civil rights today.
		The first section of the act to add protection from discrimination based on gender is the equal opportunity employment portion of the act.
		It is very apparent that the Act does not leave much to chance, and seeks to actively and vigorously address the issues at hand; however, this “at hand” was in 1964.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art26427.asp (529 words)

	Civil Rights:
		The United States Commission on Civil Rights is an independent, bipartisan, fact-finding agency of the executive branch first established under the Civil Rights Act of 1957.
		To investigate complaints alleging that citizens are being deprived of their right to vote by reason of their race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin, or by reason of fraudulent practices.
		Established by the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and reconstituted in 1983, it is directed, among other duties, to investigate and study discrimination and denials of equal protection of the laws on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin.
	www.wesoomi.com /williams/civilrts.html (4868 words)

	Civil Rights Directory - Contents and Preface (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The United States Commission on Civil Rights is an independent, bipartisan agency of the Federal Government.
		Established by the Civil Rights Act of 1957, it is directed, among other duties, to investigate and study discrimination and denials of equal protection of the laws on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin.
		Additional information on the services and activities of a specific civil rights agency or private organization should be obtained by contacting it directly.
	www.usccr.gov /pubs/crd/main.htm (440 words)

	Civil Rights Act of 1957 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An Act to provide means of further securing and protecting the civil rights of persons within the jurisdiction of the United States.
		Within the limitations of its appropriations, the Commission may appoint such other personnel as it deems advisable, in accordance with the civil service and classification laws, and may procure services as authorized by section 15 of the Act of August 2, 1946 (60 Stat.
		This Act may be cited as the "Civil Rights Act of 1957".
	teachingamericanhistory.org /library/index.asp?document=482 (1443 words)

	Civil Rights Act of 1957 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		September 9, 1957: Civil Rights Act of 1957
		Lack of federal enforcement rendered this act a dead letter in Mississippi.
		Despite this, local people continued to attempt to register to vote and to file lawsuits against those who denied them that right.
	www.usm.edu /crdp/html/cd/cra57.htm (55 words)

	BACKGROUNDER ON THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT
		Although Johnson had helped engineer the Civil Rights Act of 1957, that had been a mild measure, and no one knew if the Texan would continue Kennedy's call for civil rights or move to placate his fellow southerners.
		But on November 27, 1963, addressing the Congress and the nation for the first time as president, Johnson called for passage of the civil rights bill as a monument to the fallen Kennedy.
		But Johnson pulled every string he knew, and had the civil rights leaders mount a massive lobbying campaign, including inundating the Capitol with religious leaders of all faiths and colors.
	usinfo.state.gov /usa/infousa/facts/democrac/39.htm (686 words)

	JURIST - Paper Chase: August 29: This day at law ~ Civil Rights Act of 1957 passed
		Bernard Hibbitts at 12:01 AM On August 29, 1957, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first federal civil rights legislation since 1875.
		The legislation set up the US Commission on Civil Rights and the Civil Rights Division of the US Department of Justice.
		For a one-stop snapshot of the latest legal news that matters, with breaking documents, new legal videos, live law-related webcasts, commentary by expert law professors and more - all updated through the day in real time, with no ads and no registration barriers - visit JURIST's homepage and check back often...
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /paperchase/2004/08/august-29-this-day-at-law-civil-rights.htm (219 words)

	Civil Rights Act
		Section 2004 of the Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. as amended by section 131 of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 (71 Stat.
		"(f) Except as provided in sections 102 and 105(f) of this Act, the Chairman shall receive and the Commission shall dispose of requests to subpena additional witnesses.
		Section 103(b) of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 (42 U.S.C. 1975b(b); 71 Stat.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~hst203/documents/civil64.html (6194 words)

	Civil Rights Act of 1957 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Provided that persons denied the right to vote could seek injunctive relief from the federal district courts.
		Created the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights to carry out investigations of racial discrimination.
		Established a Civil Rights Division in the Department of Justice.
	www.uh.edu /~dsocs3/outlines/civilrights/cr1957a.htm (58 words)

	Oh, That Liberal Media: ABC: Republicans blocked Civil Rights Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Democrats have opposed the filibuster before — in the 1960s, they accused Republicans of using it to block civil rights legislation.
		According to the Senate Historical Office, the record for the longest individual speech is held by the late Sen. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina, who filibustered for 24 hours and 18 minutes against the Civil Rights Act of 1957.
		Paula Jones and Juanita Broaderick come to mind as examples of Bill and Hill's attitude toward the civil rights of women, expecially those who object to being raped by Bill and raked over by Hillary.
	www.thatliberalmedia.com /archives/004426.html (1683 words)

	Southern Freedom Movement Links
		Civil Rights Act of 1957 (Text of the act)
		Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Text of the act)
		Civil Rights as a People's Movement: An Outline.
	www.crmvet.org /crmlinks.htm (3390 words)

	American Experience \| The Presidents \| Lyndon B. Johnson \| PBS
		Section 102 of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 (42 U.S.C. 1975a; 71
		(b) Section 106(a) of the Federal Executive Pay Act of 1956, as amended (5 U.S.C. 2205(a)), is further amended by adding the following clause thereto:
		Web site produced for PBS Online by WGBH.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/presidents/36_l_johnson/psources/ps_civilrights.html (6113 words)

	Civil Rights Act 1964
		(e) The Federal Executive Pay Act of 1956, as amended (5 U.S.C. is further amended--
		(h) The provisions of the Act entitled "An Act to amend the Judicial Code and to define and limit the jurisdiction of courts sitting in equity, and for other purposes," approved March 23, 1932 (29 U.S.C. shall not apply with respect to civil actions brought under this section.
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	usinfo.state.gov /usa/infousa/laws/majorlaw/civilr19.htm (6221 words)

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