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Topic: Civil War in Russia

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	Russian Civil War article - Russian Civil War History Russia Early East Slavs Kievan Rus' Volga Bulgaria Khazaria - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The war was fought mainly between the "Reds" who were the communists and revolutionaries, and the "Whites" who were the monarchists, conservatives and liberals who opposed the Russian Revolution.
		The final period of the war was the extended siege of the last White forces in the Crimea.
		Lenin was surprised by the outbreak of civil war and initially underestimated the extent of the forces that rose against his new country.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Russian_Civil_War (1825 words)

	Polish 5th Rifle Division - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The division was probably the longest-fighting unit of the Polish Army; it fought in both the Russian Civil War and the Polish-Bolshevist War, as well as during the World War II.
		War materiel and food transports were scarce, but the Poles made up lack of supplies with ingenuity, constructing three armoured trains.
		World War II Before the outbreak of the World War II the 82nd regiment was attached to the Polish 30th Infantry Division commanded by brigadier general Leopold Cehak.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siberian_Brigade (1350 words)

	Russian Civil War -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The war was fought mainly between the "Reds" who were the communists and revolutionaries, and the (additional info and facts about "Whites") "Whites" who were the monarchists, conservatives, liberals and socialists who opposed the Bolshevik Revolution.
		The final period of the war was the extended siege of the last White forces in the (A Ukrainian peninsula between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov) Crimea.
		(Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)) Lenin was surprised by the outbreak of civil war and initially underestimated the extent of the forces that rose against his new country.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ru/russian_civil_war.htm (1857 words)

	Civil War, Lenin and the Rise of Stalin
		Their announced purpose of warring against the Bolsheviks was to reconvene the Constituent Assembly and to enforce the laws of the Provisional Government.
		In Russia during the civil war, Russell wrote of an enthusiastic audience cheering itself hoarse and giving Trotsky a standing ovation when Trotsky put in an appearance at the Opera, and of Trotsky asking for and getting great hurrahs from the audience for the brave soldiers fighting for the revolution at the front.
		But in 1920, Lenin felt relief that the civil war was over, and he believed that with their survival he and the Bolsheviks had shown the way to make revolution.
	www.fsmitha.com /h2/ch11.htm (7622 words)

	ipedia.com: Russian Civil War Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The war was fought mainly between the "Reds", the communists and revolutionaries, and the "Whites - the monarchists, democrats and conservatives who opposed the Russian Revolution.
		The second period of the war was the key stage, it lasted only from March to November 1919.
		War Communism might have saved the Soviet government in the course of the Civil War, but it also helped greatly to wreck the nation's economy.
	www.ipedia.com /russian_civil_war.html (1796 words)

	Chester S. L. Dunning: Russia's First Civil War
		Russia's First Civil War is the first major post-Marxist reassessment of the Time of Troubles and the first detailed study of that tragic era in English.
		He shows that serfs did not actively participate in the civil war and that the abolition of serfdom was never a rebel goal.
		Based upon exhaustive research, Russia's First Civil War is a masterful mix of social and military history, firmly placing the Time of Troubles in the context of the waves of wars and rebellions that swept through early modern Europe and Asia.
	www.psupress.org /books/titles/0-271-02074-1.html (321 words)

	Russia Civil War and War Communism - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		During the Civil War, the Soviet regime also had to deal with struggles for independence in regions that it had given up under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (which the regime immediately repudiated after Germany's defeat by the Allies in November 1918).
		To the Soviet government, however, the most disquieting manifestation of dissatisfaction with war communism was the rebellion in March 1921 of sailors at the naval base at Kronshtadt (near Petrograd), which had earlier won renown as a bastion of the Bolshevik Revolution.
		The harsh economic policies of the Civil War period, however, would have a profound influence on the future development of the country.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/russia/russia_history_civil_war_and_war_communism.html (1008 words)

	History 31: Russia since 1861- 10/3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Russian Civil War began after the Bolshevik Party took control of Russia's government in the October (or November, in the Western, or New Style, calendar) phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
		Between the outbreak of World War I and the end of the civil war, an estimated 16 million people died in Russia, the vast majority of whom were civilians.
		Many of the methods practiced by the party during the civil war were applied again by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in the late 1920s, when he launched an ambitious and brutally enforced program to industrialize the USSR and collectivize agriculture.
	www.unc.edu /courses/2003fall/hist/031/001/civilwar.html (1805 words)

	BBC - Education Scotland - Higher Bitesize Revision - History - Large-scale state: Russia - The Russian Civil War: ...
		Fresh from seizing control of Russia from the hands of the Provisional Government, the Bolsheviks' next step was to safeguard their fragile grip on the reigns of power.
		In the case of the Bolsheviks in the Civil War, the quotation above is particularly applicable.
		Their leaders were experienced military commanders; they controlled huge areas of Russia; they had the Bolsheviks surrounded; and they had the active support of foreign countries, which intervened in the Civil War on their behalf.
	www.bbc.co.uk /scotland/education/bitesize/higher/history/russia/russiancivil1_rev.shtml (855 words)

	Russian Civil War - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The war was fought mainly between the "Reds", the communists and revolutionaries, and the "Whites" - the monarchists, reactionaries, democrats and conservatives who opposed the Russian Revolution.
		The military war was fought across three main fronts - the eastern, the southern and the northwestern.
		Lenin was surprised by the outbreak of the Civil War and initially under-estimated the extent of the forces that rose against his new country, early successes in the Don region made him over-confident.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Russian_Civil_War (1436 words)

	BBC - History - War, Revolution and Civil War in Russia: The Eastern Front 1914 - 1921 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Russia signalled her withdrawal from World War One soon after the October Revolution of 1917, and the country turned in on itself with a bloody civil war between the Bolsheviks and the conservative White Guard.
		By 1921, after a period of great unrest, the Bolsheviks triumphed in Russia, and largely reunited the old empire (formally constituted as the USSR in 1923).
		The repercussions of the events that took place on the Eastern Front, from 1914 to 1921, however, would have a profound impact upon world history for the remainder of the century and beyond - although it was the battles of the Western Front that eventually achieved greater fame.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/war/wwone/eastern_front_01.shtml (319 words)

	Russian Civil War, 1918-1920 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although the civil war fronts fluctuated wildly, the Bolsheviks gradually developed discipline, and had the advantage of defending the central Russian homeland.
		The civil war did much to harden the Bolsheviks from a relatively democratic party into a ruthless and draconian regime, which eventually reunified much of the splintered Russian empire by force.
		Brinkley, George A. The Volunteer Army and Allied intervention in South Russia, 1917-1921; a study in the politics and diplomacy of the Russian Civil War.
	www.regiments.org /wars/ww1/russia.htm (1355 words)

	Russia Civil War 1918-1920
		The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, whereby Russia yielded large portions of its territory to Germany, caused a breach between the Bolsheviks (Communists) and the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, who thereupon left the coalition.
		Among the early victims of the civil war, which may be considered to have begun in earnest in June 1918, were the former imperial family.
		The hopes of the Tatars and Bashkirs, between the Kazan area and the southern Urals, were ruined in the course of the civil war.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/romeo/russia1918.htm (1815 words)

	Civil War in Soviet Union: 1918-1920
		By early 1918, a major civil war had broken out in Russia--only recently named the USSR--which is commonly known as the civil war between the "Reds" and the "Whites".
		This was the period of foreign intervention of the civil war.
		Lenin's battle cry of Peace (end the war with the Germans) Land (confiscate land from the wealthy landowners and divide it among the poorer people) and bread for the people was a popular slogan.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/EastEurope/RedWhite.html (592 words)

	Wikinfo \| Russian Civil War
		Britain, France and the United States all intervened in the civil war.
		The initial group that stood against the Communists from the start were mainly counter-revolutionary generals and local Cossack armies that had declared their loyalty to the Provisional Government; prominent were Kaledin (Don Cossacks), Dutov (Orenburg Cossacks), and Semenov (Baikal Cossacks).
		The Czecho-Slovak legion had been part of the tsarist army and by October 1917 numbered around 30,000 men, mostly ex-prisoners of war and deserters from the Austro-Hungarian army, encouraged by Tomas Masaryk the legion was renamed the Czecho-Slovak Army Corps and hoped to continue fighting the Germans.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Russian_Civil_War (1490 words)

	Homage to Catalonia and The Spanish Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		During the course of the war Orwell discovers that the internal and international politics behind The Spanish Civil War are far more complicated that he first perceived.
		The Spanish Civil war is more complex that than a simply a battle between fascists and republicans or socialists.
		Russia, Italy and Germany were each involved, while England and France remained out of the war.
	shakti.trincoll.edu /~aweiss/catalonia.htm (723 words)

	Sample Chapter for Raleigh, D.J.: Experiencing Russia's Civil War: Politics, Society, and Revolutionary Culture in ...
		My book, the aim of which is to bring to life the diverse experiences of the Russian Civil War in the city and province of Saratov, thus marks a major departure in the historiography for which a local or case study of a Russian province during the hostilities is virtual terra incognita.
		Historians traditionally view this episode and the introduction of the NEP as the last acts of the Civil War, after which the party mopped up remaining pockets of opposition, mainly in the borderlands that had gone their separate ways during the ordeal.
		Chapter 6 documents the physical impact of civil war on Saratov as a community or set of social relations, underscoring the extent to which Saratov during the Civil War was not only a community in disarray, but also a community in the making.
	www.pupress.princeton.edu /chapters/i7387.html (3395 words)

	SIGHTINGS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Russia created a mechanism for rapidly mobilizing millions of men in a short time and putting them into ready-made combat divisions.
		Russia's current defense minister, Igor Sergeyev, used to be the head of Russia's Strategic Rocket Forces.
		You could even say that the theory and practice of nuclear war was the "mother's milk" of their military education.
	www.rense.com /politics5/rusartofwar.htm (1159 words)

	The high commands (from American Civil War) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Apart from the two world wars, the Spanish Civil War was the bloodiest conflict in the first half of the 20th century.
		The war represented a powerful resurgence of the same doctrine of Manifest Destiny that had led the United States to expand westward by defeating Mexico in 1846–48.
		The bloodiest battle of the Civil War began as an unplanned skirmish.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-229869 (854 words)

	Spanish Civil War
		Posters of the Spanish Civil War: The Spanish Civil War was an ideological battleground for all Europe.
		Don Henry and the Civil War: Don Henry, a student at the University of Kansas, was one of the many young men who joined the International Brigades fighting in the Spanish Civil War.
		Quiz on Spanish Civil War: Although some questions deal with internal affairs, the quiz is mainly focused on the international dimension of the Spanish Civil War: the different attitude of the great powers at that time and the public opinion reaction to the Spanish conflict.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /REVspainW.htm (1088 words)

	Russia - Revolutions and Civil War
		The chaos and hardship that resulted from Russia's entry into World War I in 1914 were exacerbated in the years that followed.
		The spark to the events that ended tsarist rule was ignited on the streets of Petrograd in February 1917 (according to the Julian calendar then still in use in Russia; according to the modern Gregorian calendar, which was adopted in February 1918, these events occurred in March).
		Lenin, after bitter debate with leading Bolsheviks who favored prolonging the war in hopes of precipitating class warfare in Germany, persuaded a slim majority of the Bolshevik Central Committee that peace must be made at any cost.
	countrystudies.us /russia/8.htm (2620 words)

	Current Events: War wounds: U.S. urges Russia to end war in Chechnya - republic started civil war in 1991 to become ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		War wounds: U.S. urges Russia to end war in Chechnya - republic started civil war in 1991 to become independent of Russia, which sent troops in Dec 1994 that were defeated by the rebels
		Russia gained control of Chechnya in 1864, after a 40-year war.
		During most of the last 50 years, the United States and the Soviet Union (the Communist country of which Russia was the largest republic) had been engaged in a struggle known as the cold war.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0EPF/is_n2_v96/ai_18667051 (973 words)

	Glossary of Events: Ru
		Throughout the war over half a million soldiers from the Entente armies would head off from the blood-stained battlefields of Europe, onto the soil of their former allies.
		Further, the Soviets, in their first act of government, gave all land to the peasantry and workers – an act which cried of condemnation for the bourgeois and their hallowed rights of private property over the means of production.
		Bessarabia, and all of the Ukraine were the French territory of war, while Britain would suppress and capture the Soviet republics in the Transcaucas (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan) and work its way up the southern peninsula of Russia.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/events/r/u.htm (1634 words)

	RUSSIAN HISTORY - CIVIL WAR DIVIDES RUSSIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Civil war divided Russia from 1918-20, threatening Bolshevik rule.
		After Germany's defeat they stayed and aided the Whites during the civil war.
		The Bolsheviks, who had demobilized the imperial army by granting land to the peasants and seeking a separate peace, had to create a new force, the Red Army.
	shopaholic.biz /m/l/pastimes/sovietski/division.html (111 words)

	H-Net Review: Francis King on Experiencing Russia's Civil War: Politics, Society and Revolutionary Culture in Saratov ...
		The first chapter provides the background to the civil war, tracing the development of the revolution in Saratov up to the point in early 1918 when the armed counterrevolution really began to become organized.
		Hitherto, the semilegal minor parties that functioned in Soviet Russia during the civil war have tended to be seen as interesting but irrelevant, given their purely token representation in the central Soviet bodies.
		For Russia as a whole, the end of the civil war and the introduction of NEP in 1921 are often seen as a turning point in the fortunes of the regime, which was able to consolidate itself, and of the economy, which was able to halt and reverse its collapse.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=256541095165617 (1395 words)

	Why the Whites lost the Civil War of Russia.
		Why the Whites lost the Civil War of Russia.
		Below is a short sample of the essay "Why the Whites lost the Civil War of Russia.".
		Russia which they were able to defend by maintaining their inner
	www.coursework.info /i/47825.html (375 words)

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